ASTM C1017/C1017M-98
(Specification)Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two types of chemical admixtures to be added to portland cement concrete mixtures for the purpose of producing flowing concrete. The types are as follows:
1.1.1 Type I -Plasticizing, and
1.1.2 Type II -Plasticizing and retarding.
1.2 This specification stipulates tests of a chemical admixture with reference concreting materials or with concrete-making materials proposed for specific work. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the tests shall be made using reference concreting materials.
1.3 If a chemical admixture has been tested and found to comply with the provisions of this specification using reference materials, and is being considered for use with other materials for specific work, additional tests for such use may be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier and may not involve all the tests described herein.
1.4 This specification provides for three levels of testing.
1.4.1 Level 1 -During the initial approval stage, proof of compliance with the performance requirements defined in Table 1 demonstrates that the admixture meets the requirements of this specification. Uniformity and equivalence tests of Section 6 shall be carried out to provide results against which later comparisons can be made.
1.4.2 Level 2 -Limited retesting described in 5.2, 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 may be requested at intervals by the purchaser. Proof of compliance with the requirements of Table 1 demonstrates continued conformity of the admixture with the requirements of the specification.
1.4.3 Level 3 -For acceptance of a lot or for measuring uniformity within or between lots, when specified by the purchaser, the uniformity and equivalence tests of Section 6 shall be used.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Note 1-It is recommended that, whenever practicable, tests be made using the concrete-making materials (cement, pozzolan, slag, aggregates, air-entraining admixture), the mixture proportions, and the batching sequence and other physical conditions proposed for the specific work. The specific effects produced by chemical admixtures may vary with the properties and proportions of the other ingredients of the concrete. Note 2-Temperature has a pronounced effect on time of setting of concrete. This may be exaggerated by the use of admixture Types I and II. If concrete temperatures to be expected on a particular job differ significantly from the conditions set forth in this specification, further testing may be desirable. Note 3-An unusually rapid loss of workability with time, sometimes termed "slump loss", can be experienced with these admixtures. The rate of slump loss will vary with the particular concreting materials and proportions, mixing equipment and procedures, and temperatures experienced on any particular job. At elevated temperatures, the slump may be retained for a longer period if a Type II admixture is used. Note 4-Admixtures that contain relatively large amounts of chloride may accelerate corrosion of prestressing steel. Compliance with the requirements of this specification does not constitute assurance of acceptability of the admixture for use in prestressed concrete (see ACI 318-83). Note 5-Admixtures that contain relatively large amounts of alkali (Na2O + 0.658 K2O) may contribute to reaction with some aggregates. Compliance with the requirements of this specification does not assure acceptability when used with alkali-reactive aggregates and some cements.
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 8 through 17 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: C 1017/C 1017M – 98
Standard Specification for
Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing
Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1017/C 1017M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope purchaser, the uniformity and equivalence tests of the section
on Lot Uniformity and Equivalence shall be used.
1.1 This specification covers two types of chemical admix-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
tures to be added to hydraulic cement concrete mixtures for the
standard. The values in inch-pound units shown in parentheses
purpose of producing flowing concrete. The types are as
are provided for information purposes only.
follows:
1.1.1 Type I—Plasticizing, and
NOTE 1—It is recommended that, whenever practicable, tests be made
1.1.2 Type II—Plasticizing and retarding. using the concrete-making materials (cement, pozzolan, slag, aggregates,
air-entraining admixture), the mixture proportions, and the batching
1.2 This specification stipulates tests of a chemical admix-
sequence and other physical conditions proposed for the specific work.
ture with reference concreting materials or with concrete-
The specific effects produced by chemical admixtures may vary with the
making materials proposed for specific work. Unless otherwise
properties and proportions of the other ingredients of the concrete.
specified by the purchaser, the tests shall be made using
NOTE 2—Temperature has a pronounced effect on time of setting of
reference concreting materials.
concrete. This may be exaggerated by the use of admixture Types I and II.
1.3 If a chemical admixture has been tested and found to
If concrete temperatures to be expected on a particular job differ
comply with the provisions of this specification using reference significantly from the conditions set forth in this specification, further
testing may be desirable.
materials, and is being considered for use with other materials
NOTE 3—An unusually rapid loss of workability with time, sometimes
for specific work, additional tests for such use are allowed if
termed “slump loss”, can be experienced with these admixtures. The rate
agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier and are
of slump loss will vary with the particular concreting materials and
allowed to consist of a portion of the tests described herein.
proportions, mixing equipment and procedures, and temperatures experi-
1.4 This specification provides for three levels of testing.
enced on any particular job. At elevated temperatures, the slump may be
1.4.1 Level 1—During the initial approval stage, proof of
retained for a longer period if a Type II admixture is used.
compliance with the performance requirements defined in NOTE 4—Admixtures that contain relatively large amounts of chloride
may accelerate corrosion of prestressing steel. Compliance with the
Table 1 demonstrates that the admixture meets the require-
requirements of this specification does not constitute assurance of accept-
ments of this specification. Uniformity and equivalence tests of
ability of the admixture for use in prestressed concrete (see ACI 318).
the section on Lot Uniformity and Equivalence shall be carried
NOTE 5—Admixtures that contain relatively large amounts of alkali (Na
out to provide results against which later comparisons can be
2O + 0.658 K O) may contribute to reaction with some aggregates.
made.
Compliance with the requirements of this specification does not assure
1.4.2 Level 2—Limited retesting described in the section
acceptability when used with alkali-reactive aggregates and some ce-
ments.
relating to general requirements may be requested at intervals
by the purchaser. Proof of compliance with the requirements of
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
Table 1 demonstrates continued conformity of the admixture
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
with the requirements of the specification.
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
1.4.3 Level 3—For acceptance of a lot or for measuring
as requirements of the standard.
uniformity within or between lots, when specified by the
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
test method sections of this specification: This standard does
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-9 on
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.23on Chemical Admixtures.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally
published as C 1017 – 85. Last previous edition C 1017 – 97.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 1017/C 1017M
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices C 192 Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Speci-
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior mens in the Laboratory
to use.
C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
Concrete by the Pressure Method
2. Referenced Documents
C 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-
2.1 ASTM Standards: crete
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C 403 Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mix-
C 39 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
tures by Penetration Resistance
Concrete Specimens
C 494 Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C 78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
C 618 Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Portland Cement Concrete
Aggregate
C 666 Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid
C 138 Test Method for Unit Weight, Yield, and Air Content
Freezing and Thawing
(Gravimetric) of Concrete
C 778 Specification for Standard Sand
C 143 Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Con-
2 D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
crete
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
E 100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
C 157 Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hy-
draulic Cement Mortar and Concrete Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing
C 173 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:
Concrete by the Volumetric Method
ACI 211.1-81 Recommended Practice for Selecting Propor-
C 183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of
tions for Normal and Heavyweight Concrete
Hydraulic Cement
ACI 318-83 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced
Concrete
3. Terminology
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 flowing concrete—concrete that is characterized by a
A
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements
slump greater than 7 ⁄2 in. (190 mm) while maintaining a
Type II cohesive nature, and which otherwise meets the requirements
Type I Plasticizing
of Table 1.
Plasticizing and
Retarding 3.1.2 plasticizing admixture— a chemical admixture which,
when added to concrete, produces flowing concrete without
Time of setting, allowable deviation from
Reference, h
further addition of water and does not retard the setting of the
Initial: at least not more than . 1 later
concrete.
1 earlier nor 3 ⁄2 later
3.1.3 plasticizing and retarding admixture—a chemical ad-
1 ⁄2 later
Final: at least not more than . .
mixture which, when added to concrete, produces flowing
1 earlier nor 3 ⁄2 later
concrete without further addition of water and retards the
1 ⁄2 later
setting of concrete.
Increase in slump, min. 90 mm (3.5 in.) 90 mm (3.5 in.)
Compressive strength, min., % of reference
3.1.4 reference concrete—concrete which contains the same
3 days 90 90
amounts of cement, aggregates, water, and other concreting
7 days 90 90
28 days 90 90
materials, but no plasticizing admixture.
6 months 90 90
3.1.5 test concrete—concrete which has a plasticizing ad-
1 year 90 90
mixture added.
Flexural strength, min., % of reference
3 days 90 90
7 days 90 90
4. Ordering Information
28 days 90 90
Length change after 14 days drying, max.
4.1 When the purchaser specifies flowing concrete, he shall
B
shrinkage (alternative requirements):
also specify the type of chemical admixture desired. If not
% of reference 135 135
Increase over reference, in. 0.010 0.010
specified, the requirements of Type I will apply.
C
Relative durability factor, min. 80 80
A
The values in the table include allowance for normal variation in the test results.
The object of the 90 % strength requirements is to require a level of performance
comparable to that of the reference concrete.
B
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
Alternative Requirements—Percent of reference limit applies when length
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
change of reference is 0.030 % or greater; increase over reference limit applies
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
when length change of reference is less than 0.030 %.
C
Available from the American Concrete Institute, 38800 Country Club Drive,
The requirement is applicable only when the admixture is to be used in
air-entrained concrete which may be exposed to freezing and thawing while wet. Farmington Hills, MI 48331.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 1017/C 1017M
5. General Requirements dures unsuitable, other requirements for uniformity and
equivalence from lot to lot or within a lot shall be established
5.1 For initial compliance with this specification, test con-
by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
crete in which each type of admixture shown in 1.1 is used
shall conform to the respective requirements prescribed in
7. Sampling and Inspection
Table 1.
5.2 The purchaser is allowed to require a limited retesting to
7.1 Every facility shall be provided the purchaser for careful
confirm current compliance of the admixture to specification
sampling and inspection, either at the point of manufacture or
requirements. The limited retesting will cover physical prop-
at the site of the work, as specified by the purchaser.
erties and performance of the admixture.
7.2 Samples shall be either grab or composite samples, as
5.2.1 The physical properties retesting shall consist of
specified or required by this specification. A grab sample is one
uniformity and equivalence tests for infrared analysis, residue
obtained in a single operation. A composite sample is one
by oven drying and specific gravity.
obtained by combining three or more grab samples.
5.2.2 The performance property retesting shall consist of
7.3 Samples will be taken for two reasons:
water content of fresh concrete, setting time and compressive
7.3.1 Quality Tests—A sample taken for the purpose of
strength at 3, 7 and 28 days.
evaluating the quality of a source or lot of admixture will be
required to meet all the applicable requirements of this
NOTE 6—Additional performance tests currently in this standard may
specification. Samples used to determine conformance with the
be required by users having special requirements.
requirements of this specification shall be composites of grab
5.3 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall
samples taken from sufficient locations to ensure that the
state in writing that the admixture supplied for use in the work
composite sample will be representative of the lot.
is identical in all essential respects, including concentration, to
7.3.2 Uniformity and Equivalence Tests— When specified
the admixture tested for conformance under this specification.
by the purchaser, a sample taken for the purpose of evaluating
5.4 At the request of the purchaser, when the chemical
the uniformity of a single lot, or equivalence of different lots
admixture is to be used in prestressed concrete, the manufac-
from one source, shall be tested as provided in Section 6. Such
turer shall state in writing the chloride content of the admixture
samples shall be composite samples from individual lots when
and whether or not chloride has been added during its
different lots from the same source are being compared. When
manufacture.
the uniformity of a single lot is being determined, grab samples
5.5 Tests for uniformity and equivalence shall be made on
shall be used.
the initial sample and the results retained for reference and
7.4 Liquid Admixtures—Liquid admixtures shall be agitated
comparison, with the results of tests of samples taken from
thoroughly immediately prior to sampling. Grab samples taken
elsewhere within the lot or subsequent lots of admixture
for quality or uniformity tests shall represent not more than
supplied for use in the work.
2500 gal (9500 L) of admixture and shall have a volume of at
6. Lot Uniformity and Equivalence least 1 qt (1 L). A minimum of three grab samples shall be
taken. Composite samples shall be prepared by thoroughly
6.1 When specified by the purchaser, the uniformity of a lot,
mixing the grab samples selected and the resultant mixture
or the equivalence of different lots from the same source, shall
sampled to provide at least 1 gal (4 L) for quality tests. Grab
be established by the use of the following requirements:
samples shall be taken from different locations well distributed
6.1.1 Infrared Analysis—The absorption spectra of the ini-
throughout the quantity to be represented.
tial sample and the test sample, obtained as specified, shall be
7.4.1 Admixtures in bulk storage tanks shall be sampled
essentially similar.
equally from the upper, intermediate, and lower levels by
6.1.2 Residue by Oven Drying (Liquid Admixtures)—When
means of drain cocks in the sides of the tanks or a weighted
dried as specified, the oven-dried residues of the initial sample
sampling bottle fitted with a stopper that can be removed after
and of subsequent samples shall be within a range of variation
the bottle is lowered to the desired depth.
of not
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