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ASTM D4619-12(2018)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Inspection of Linings in Operating Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems

Standard Practice for Inspection of Linings in Operating Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Periodic inspections are essential to evaluate lining performance, to detect existing damage potential problems, and to plan scheduled maintenance. The frequency of these inspections may diminish or increase with time depending upon lining performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for conducting inspections of the conditions of various linings in operating Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) system components.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jul-2018
ICS
13.040.01 - Air quality in general
Technical Committee
D33 - Protective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities
Drafting Committee
D33.09 - Protective Lining for Air Quality Control Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4619-12 - Standard Practice for Inspection of Linings in Operating Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems
Effective Date
01-Aug-2018
Refers
ASTM D610-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces
Effective Date
01-Jan-2019
Refers
ASTM C856-18a - Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete
Effective Date
01-Jul-2018
Refers
ASTM C856-18 - Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete
Effective Date
01-Mar-2018
Refers
ASTM C856-17 - Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete
Effective Date
01-Jan-2017
Refers
ASTM C856-14 - Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete
Effective Date
01-Jun-2014
Refers
ASTM C856-13 - Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Refers
ASTM D610-08(2012) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Refers
ASTM D6677-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by Knife
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Refers
ASTM D7091-12 - Standard Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
Effective Date
01-Apr-2012
Refers
ASTM C856-11 - Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011
Refers
ASTM D714-02(2009) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
Effective Date
01-Jul-2009
Refers
ASTM D4541-09 - Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers
Effective Date
01-Feb-2009
Refers
ASTM D610-08 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces
Effective Date
01-Feb-2008
Refers
ASTM D6677-07 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by Knife
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007

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ASTM D4619-12(2018) - Standard Practice for Inspection of Linings in Operating Flue Gas Desulfurization SystemsASTM D4619-12(2018) - Standard Practice for Inspection of Linings in Operating Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems
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ASTM D4619-12(2018) - Standard Practice for Inspection of Linings in Operating Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems
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Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4619 − 12 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Inspection of Linings in Operating Flue Gas Desulfurization
Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4619; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
1.1 This practice describes procedures for conducting in-
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
spections of the conditions of various linings in operating Flue
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
Gas Desulfurization (FGD) system components.
2.2 SSPC Standards:
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
SSPC-PA2 Measurement of Dry Paint Thickness with Mag-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
netic Gages
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
SSPC-VIS 2 Standard Method of Evaluating Degree of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.
3. Significance and Use
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 Periodic inspections are essential to evaluate lining
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
performance,todetectexistingdamagepotentialproblems,and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
to plan scheduled maintenance. The frequency of these inspec-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tions may diminish or increase with time depending upon
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
lining performance.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Recordkeeping
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Lining condition will depend on the operating condi-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tions experienced by the lining systems. Records of these
C805 Test Method for Rebound Number of Hardened Con-
conditions that are maintained by the owner/operator should be
crete
evaluated for potential effects upon the linings. These may
C856 Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened
include:
Concrete
4.1.1 Dates of lining installation and initial operation,
D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted
4.1.2 Solution/gas temperatures in lined components,
Steel Surfaces
4.1.3 Solution/gas chemistry (pH, composition),
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
4.1.4 Start up/shut down dates,
Paints
4.1.5 Gas velocities and particulate loading, and
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
4.1.6 Ambient conditions.
ness
D4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using
4.2 Any known change in the process criteria or modifica-
Portable Adhesion Testers
tions of the physical design shall be identified and dated.
D6677 Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by Knife
4.3 All past history pertaining to the lining systems should
be available during the inspection process. They may include:
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D33 on Protective
4.3.1 Copies of existing lining specifications and installa-
Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities and is the direct
tion procedures.
responsibilityofSubcommitteeD33.09onProtectiveLiningforAirQualityControl
4.3.2 Quality control documents of the existing lining in-
Systems.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally
stallation.
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4619 – 12. DOI:
4.3.3 Copies of previous inspection reports.
10.1520/D4619-12R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,
the ASTM website. Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http://www.sspc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4619 − 12 (2018)
4.3.4 Documentation pertaining to any maintenance of ex- 7.1.1 Safety—The inspection team shall verify that the
isting lining systems. equipment being inspected has been made safe for entry. This
shall include lockout procedures for related equipment such as,
5. Inspection Team butnotlimitedto,theboiler,dampers,valves,fans,andpumps.
7.1.2 Lighting—Sufficient lighting shall be provided to as-
5.1 The owner/operator should select a team of experienced
sure general lighting of the overall area plus localized high
personnel to conduct the inspection. Personnel representing the
intensity lights for close visual observation or taking of
following may be included:
photographs, or both. The lighting fixtures shall be equipped
5.1.1 Owner’s representative,
with a safety guard to minimize breakage and injury.
5.1.2 Lining manufacturer,
7.1.3 Access to Lining Surfaces—The access equipment
5.1.3 Lining applicator,
must meet all safety requirements of OSHA and the owner/
5.1.4 Equipment designer,
operator. The equipment must be capable of placing the
5.1.5 Architect engineer,
inspectors close enough to the lining surface to perform all
5.1.6 Third party inspectors, and
inspection procedures.
5.1.7 System designer.
7.1.4 Cleaning—Selected lining surfaces to be inspecte
...

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5.1 Effects of Air Change—Air change often accounts for a significant portion of the heating or air-conditioning load of a building. It also affects the moisture and contaminant balances in the building. Moisture-laden air passing through the building envelope can permit condensation and cause material degradation. An appropriate level of ventilation is required in all buildings; one should consult ASHRAE Standard 62 to determine the ventilation requirements of a building.  
5.2 Prediction of Air Change—Air change depends on the size and distribution of air leakage sites, pressure differences induced by wind and temperature, mechanical system operation, and occupant behavior. Air change may be calculated from this information, however, many of the needed parameters are difficult to determine. Tracer gas testing permits direct measurement of air change.  
5.3 Utility of Measurement—Measurements of air change provide useful information about ventilation and air leakage. Measurements in buildings with the ventilation system closed are used to determine whether natural air leakage rates are higher than specified. Measurements with the ventilation system in operation are used to determine whether the air change meets or exceeds requirements.  
5.4 Known Conditions—Knowledge of the factors that affect air change makes measurement more meaningful. Relating building response to wind and temperature requires repetition of the test under varying meteorological conditions. Relating building response to the ventilation system or to occupant behavior requires controlled variation of these factors.  
5.5 Applicability of Results—The values for air change obtained by the techniques used in this test method apply to the specific conditions prevailing at the time of the measurement. Air change values for the same building will differ if the prevailing wind and temperature conditions have changed, if the operation of the building is different, or if the envelope changes between m...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers techniques using tracer gas dilution for determining a single zone's air change with the outdoors, as induced by weather conditions and by mechanical ventilation. These techniques are: (1) concentration decay, (2) constant injection, and (3) constant concentration.  
1.2 This test method is restricted to a single tracer gas.  
1.3 The associated data analysis assumes that one can characterize the tracer gas concentration within the zone with a single value. The zone shall be a building, vehicle, test cell, or any conforming enclosure.  
1.4 Use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of gas analysis and instrumentation. Correct use of the formulas presented here requires consistent use of units, especially those of time.  
1.5 Determination of the contribution to air change by individual components of the zone enclosure is beyond the scope of this test method.  
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1.7 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of this test method.  
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5.1 Many regulators, industrial processes, and other stakeholders require determination of NMOC in atmospheres.  
5.2 Accurate measurements of ambient NMOC concentrations are critical in devising air pollution control strategies and in assessing control effectiveness because NMOCs are primary precursors of atmospheric ozone and other oxidants (7, 8).  
5.2.1 The NMOC concentrations typically found at urban sites may range up to 1 ppm C to 3 ppm C or higher. In order to determine transport of precursors into an area monitoring site, measurement of NMOC upwind of the site may be necessary. Rural NMOC concentrations originating from areas free from NMOC sources are likely to be less than a few tenths of 1 ppm C.  
5.3 Conventional test methods based upon gas chromatography and qualitative and quantitative species evaluation are relatively time consuming, sometimes difficult and expensive in staff time and resources, and are not needed when only a measurement of NMOC is desired. The test method described requires only a simple, cryogenic pre-concentration procedure followed by direct detection with an FID. This test method provides a sensitive and accurate measurement of ambient total NMOC concentrations where speciated data are not required. Typical uses of this standard test method are as follows.  
5.4 An application of the test method is the monitoring of the cleanliness of canisters.  
5.5 Another use of the test method is the screening of canister samples prior to analysis.  
5.6 Collection of ambient air samples in pressurized canisters provides the following advantages:  
5.6.1 Convenient collection of integrated ambient samples over a specific time period,  
5.6.2 Capability of remote sampling with subsequent central laboratory analysis,  
5.6.3 Ability to ship and store samples, if necessary,  
5.6.4 Unattended sample collection,  
5.6.5 Analysis of samples from multiple sites with one analytical system,  
5.6.6 Collection of replicate samples for ...
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1.1 This test method2 presents a procedure for sampling and determination of non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) in ambient, indoor, or workplace atmospheres.  
1.2 This test method describes the collection of integrated whole air samples in silanized or other passivated stainless steel canisters, and their subsequent laboratory analysis.  
1.2.1 This test method describes a procedure for sampling in canisters at final pressures above atmospheric pressure (pressurized sampling).  
1.3 This test method employs a cryogenic trapping procedure for concentration of the NMOC prior to analysis.  
1.4 This test method describes the determination of the NMOC by the flame ionization detection (FID), without the use of gas chromatographic columns and other procedures necessary for species separation.  
1.5 The range of this test method is from 20 ppb C to 10 000 ppb C (1, 2).3  
1.6 This test method has a larger uncertainty for some halogenated or oxygenated hydrocarbons than for simple hydrocarbons or aromatic compounds. This is especially true if there are high concentrations of chlorocarbons or chlorofluorocarbons present.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Techn...

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ASTM
ASTM D5702-18(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Coating Films for Analysis for Heavy Metals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Prior to beginning a project that involves the removal, cutting, grinding, or burning of paint, it is necessary to determine if the coating contains hazardous metals, such as lead. If it does, certain requirements for worker and environmental protection may need to be imposed. The presence and quantity of hazardous metals in a paint can be determined through laboratory analysis. Proper sampling protocol is needed to assure the laboratory results represent the actual amount of heavy metal in the coating. The number and location of samples to be removed must also be determined to characterize properly the extent of the presence of hazardous materials, if any, on a structure.
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1.1 This practice covers a method to control the removal of samples of coating films from substrates for subsequent laboratory analysis for heavy metal content on a mass basis. This technique can be used in the field, the fabricating shop, or laboratory.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard information, see Section 5, Note 1, and Note 3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5954-22a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Mercury Sampling and Measurement in Gaseous Fuels by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to measure the level of mercury in any gaseous fuel (as defined by Terminology D4150) for purposes such as determining compliance with regulations, studying the effect of various abatement procedures on mercury emissions, checking the validity of direct instrumental measurements, and verifying that mercury concentrations are below those required for gaseous fuel processing and operations.  
5.2 Adsorption of the mercury on gold-coated sorbent can remove interferences associated with the direct measurement of mercury in the presence of high concentrations of organic compounds. It preconcentrates the mercury before analysis, thereby offering measurement of ultra-low average concentrations in a gas stream over a long time span. It avoids the cumbersome use of liquid spargers with on-site sampling and eliminates contamination problems associated with the use of potassium permanganate solutions.5,6,7
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total mercury in gaseous fuels at concentrations down to 0.5 ng/m3. It includes separate procedures for both sampling and atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of mercury. This procedure detects both inorganic and organic forms of mercury.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury containing products, or both, into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8141-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selecting Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) Emission Testing Methods to Determine Emission Parameters for Modeling of Indoor Environments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Emissions of VOCs are typically controlled by internal mass-transfer limitations (for example, diffusion through the material), while emissions of SVOCs are typically controlled by external mass-transfer limitations (migration through the air immediately above the material). The emission of some chemicals may be controlled by both internal and external mass-transfer limitations. In addition, due to their lower vapor pressure, SVOCs generally adsorb to different media (chamber walls, building materials, particles, and other surfaces) at greater rates than VOCs. This sorption can increase the amount of time required to reach steady-state SVOC concentrations using conventional VOC emission test methods to months for a single test (2).  
4.2 Thus, existing methods for characterizing emissions of VOCs may not be appropriate or practical to properly characterize emission rates of SVOCs for use in modeling SVOC concentrations in indoor environments. A mass-transfer framework is needed to accurately assess emission rates of SVOCs when predicting the SVOC indoor air concentrations in indoor environments. The SVOC mass-transfer framework includes SVOC emission characteristics and its partition to multimedia including sorption to indoor surfaces, airborne particles, and settled dust. Once the SVOC emission parameters and partitioning coefficients have been determined, these values can be used to modeling SVOC indoor concentrations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to serve as a foundation for understanding when to use emission testing methods designed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to determine area-specific emission rates that are typically used in modeling indoor air VOC concentrations and when to use emission testing methods designed for semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) to determine mass transfer emission parameters that are typically used to model indoor air, dust, and surface SVOC concentrations.  
1.2 This guide discusses how organic chemicals are conventionally categorized with respect to volatility.  
1.3 This guide presents a simplified mass-transfer model describing organic chemical emissions from a material to bulk air. The values of the model parameters are shown to be specific to material/chemical/chamber combinations.  
1.4 This guide shows how to use a mass-transfer model to estimate whether diffusion of the chemical within the material or convective mass transfer of the chemical from the surface of the material to the overlying air limits chemical emissions from the material surface.  
1.5 This guide describes the range of different chambers that are available for emission testing. The chambers are classified as either dynamic or static and either conventional or sandwich. The chambers are categorized as being optimal to determine either the area-specific emission rate or mass-transfer emission parameters.  
1.6 This guide discusses the roles sorption and convective mass-transfer coefficients play in selecting the appropriate emission chamber and analysis method to accurately and efficiently characterize emissions from indoor materials for use in modeling indoor chemical concentrations.  
1.7 This guide recommends when to choose an emission test method that is optimized to determine either the area-specific emission rate or mass-transfer emission parameters. For chemicals where the controlling mass-transfer process is unknown, the guide outlines a procedure to determine if the chemical emission is controlled by convective mass transfer of the chemical from the material.  
1.8 This guide does not provide specific guidance for measuring emission parameters or conducting indoor exposure modeling.  
1.9 Mechanisms controlling emissions from wet and dry materials and products are different. This guide considers the emission of chemicals from dry materials and products. Examples of functional uses of VOCs and SVOCs that this guide applies to include blowing agents, ...

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