ASTM G72-82(1996)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Autogenous Ignition Temperature of Liquids and Solids in a High-Pressure Oxygen-Enriched Environment
Standard Test Method for Autogenous Ignition Temperature of Liquids and Solids in a High-Pressure Oxygen-Enriched Environment
SCOPE
1.1 This method covers the determination of the temperature at which liquids and solids will spontaneously ignite. These materials must ignite without application of spark or flame in a high-pressure oxygen-enriched environment.
1.2 This method is intended for use at pressures of 2.1 to 20.7 MPa (300 to 3000 psi). The pressure used in the description of the method is 10.3 MPa (1500 psi). The method, as described, is for liquids or solids with ignition temperature in the range from 60 to 425°C (140 to 800°F).
1.3 This method is for high-pressure pure oxygen. The method may be used in atmospheres from 0.5 % to 100 % oxygen.
1.4 An apparatus suitable for these requirements is described. This method could be applied to higher pressures and materials of higher ignition temperature. If more severe requirements or other oxidizers than those described are desired, care must be taken in selecting an alternative safe apparatus capable of withstanding the conditions.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e1
Designation: G 72 – 82 (Reapproved 1996)
Standard Test Method for
Autogenous Ignition Temperature of Liquids and Solids in a
High-Pressure Oxygen-Enriched Environment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 72; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Keywords were added editorially in March 1996.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Method
1.1 This method covers the determination of the tempera- 3.1 This autogenous ignition temperature test method is
ture at which liquids and solids will spontaneously ignite. designed to expose solid or liquid sample material to increasing
These materials must ignite without application of spark or temperature in a high-pressure reaction vessel. The reaction
flame in a high-pressure oxygen-enriched environment. vessel (bomb), including a sample holding assembly, is pres-
1.2 This method is intended for use at pressures of 2.1 to surized with the oxygen-enriched environment. The bomb is
20.7 MPa (300 to 3000 psi). The pressure used in the heated in an electric furnace at a predetermined rate. The
description of the method is 10.3 MPa (1500 psi). The method, temperature of the sample-holding assembly is monitored as a
as described, is for liquids or solids with ignition temperature function of time by means of a thermocouple and recording
in the range from 60 to 425°C (140 to 800°F). potentiometer.
1.3 This method is for high-pressure pure oxygen. The 3.2 The minimum temperature required to cause the sample
method may be used in atmospheres from 0.5 % to 100 % to ignite spontaneously is determined at any selected system
oxygen. pressure. The point at which spontaneous ignition occurs is
1.4 An apparatus suitable for these requirements is de- denoted by a sudden rise in temperature and the destruction of
scribed. This method could be applied to higher pressures and the sample. The amount of rise in temperature is related to the
materials of higher ignition temperature. If more severe re- sample size. A sample size is selected to prevent damage to the
quirements or other oxidizers than those described are desired, equipment caused by exceeding safe system pressure or
care must be taken in selecting an alternative safe apparatus temperature limits because of the temperature rise.
capable of withstanding the conditions. 3.3 The system is pressurized to the desired test pressure at
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the the start of the test. During the test as the temperature is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the increased, the pressure increases. No effort is made to control
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- the pressure during the test. It is monitored only so that the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- pressure does not exceed a safe limit for the test equipment.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Most organic liquids and solids will ignite in a pressur-
2.1 Federal Specification: ized oxidizing gas atmosphere if heated to a sufficiently high
BB-O-925 Oxygen, Technical, Gas and Liquid temperature and pressure. This procedure provides a numerical
3,4
2.2 Military Standard: value for the temperature at the onset of ignition under
MIL-C-81302 Cleaning Compound, Solvent, Trichlorotrif- carefully controlled conditions. Means for extrapolation from
luoroethane this idealized situation to the description, appraisal, or regula-
2.3 Other Documents: tion of fire and explosion hazards in specific field situations,
3,4
Compressed Gas Association Booklets G-1 and G-4.1 are not established. Ranking of the ignition temperatures of
several materials in the standard apparatus is generally in
conformity with field experience.
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G-4 on Compat-
4.2 The temperature at which material will ignite spontane-
ibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres and is the
ously (AIT) will vary greatly with the geometry of the test
direct responsibility of Subcommittee G04.01 on Test Methods.
system and the rate of heating. To achieve good interlaboratory
Current edition approved Feb. 26,1982. Published April 1982.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. agreement of ignition temperatures, it is necessary to use
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
equipment of approximately the dimensions described in the
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
method. It is also necessary to follow the described procedure
Available from Compressed Gas Assn., 500 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10110.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
G72
FIG. 1 AIT Equipment Assembly
as closely as possible. ( ⁄4 in.), 448.1 MPa (65 000 psi) pressure rating at 37.8°C
(100°F).
4.3 The decomposition and oxidation of some fully fluori-
5.8 High-Pressure Tees, Type 316 stainless steel with gland
nated materials releases so little energy that there is no
nuts and sleeves of Type 416 stainless steel, 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.)
clear-cut indication of ignition. Nor will there be a clear
high-pressure. Superpressure, Inc., Catalog No. 45-14311.
indication of ignition if a sample volatilizes, distilling to
All connection fittings shall be of cold-drawn Type 316
another part of the reaction vessel, before reaching ignition
stainless steel, 413.7 MPa (60 000 psi) maximum pressure,
temperature.
tubing size 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.) high-pressure and 14.3-mm
5. Apparatus ( ⁄16-in.) insertion depth.
5.9 Pressure-Relief Blowout with Rupture Discs, pressure-
5.1 Suitable components shall be assembled so that the
relief blow-out assembly, Type 316 stainless steel, 6.35 mm ( ⁄4
specified reaction vessel (bomb), including sample-holding
in.), angle type with 48.3 MPa (7000 psi) at 22.2°C (72°F)
assembly, can be charged with oxygen and heated. The
rupture disks.
assembly shall provide a means of recording time and tem-
5.10 Reaction Vessel (Bomb)—A suitable reaction vessel for
perature at which ignition occurs. A suitable assembly is
the method is cylindrical, approximately 65 mm (2 ⁄16 in.) in
illustrated in Fig. 1.
outside diameter and 298 mm (11 ⁄4 in.) long and weighs 9.75
5.2 Cylinder Oxygen, conforming to Federal Specification
kg (21 ⁄2 lb). The vessel is bored from a solid forging of AISI
BB-O-925, Type I or oxygen of 99.5 % minimum purity.
316SS (8 ⁄4 in.) depth, with a volume equal to approximately
Oxygen of higher purity may be used if desired.
110 mL. The maximum working pressure at 427°C (800°F) is
5.3 Line Filter, sintered stainless steel, 5-μm porosity, 14
82.7 MPa (12 000 psi).
maximum pressure 206.8 MPa (30 000 psi), for 6.35-mm
5.11 Thermocouple Assembly—A Chromel-Alumel thermo-
1 1
( ⁄4-in.) high-pressure tubing with a 3.18-mm ( ⁄8-in.) port.
couple with suitable high-pressure fittings for the reaction
5.4 Compressor Pumps, diaphragm-type, air-driven.
vessel with a 203-mm (8-in.) thermocouple to extend into the
1 15
5.5 Valves, 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.), 206.8 MPa (30 000 psi)
reaction chamber.
working pressure, nonrotating stem valves.
5.6 Pressure Gage, 20.7 MPa (3000 psi), 216 mm (8 ⁄2 in.).
Catalog No. 45-11021 available from Superpressure, Inc., Silver Spring, Md.
Heise 2 or equivalent has been found satisfactory.
20910 or equivalent has been found satisfactory.
5.7 Connecting Tubing, Type 316 stainless steel, 6.35 mm
Catalog No. 45-14311 available from Superpressure, Inc., Silver Spring, Md.
20910 or equivalent has been found satisfactory.
Catalog No. 45-11311 available from Superpressure, Inc., Silver Spring, Md.
20910 or equivalent has been found satisfactory.
5 12
Catalog No. 49-14405 available from Superpressure, Inc., Silver Spring, Md. Catalog No. 45-19123 available from Superpressure, Inc., Silver Spring, Md.
20910 or equivalent has been found satisfactory. 20910 or equivalent has been found satisfactory.
6 13
Catalog No. 46-14035 available from Superpressure, Inc., Silver Spring, Md. Catalog No. 45-19210 available from Superpressure, Inc., Silver Spring, Md.
20910 or equivalent has been found satisfactory. 20910 or equivalent has been found satisfactory.
7 14
Catalog No. 44-13121 available from Superpressure, Inc., Silver Spring, Md. Type B Reaction Vessel Catalog No. 41-12555, available from Superpressure,
20910 or equivalent has been found satisfactory. Inc., Silver Spring, Md. 20910 or equivalent will meet these requirements.
8 15
Model C available from Heise Bourdon Tube Co., Newton, Conn. 06740 or Thermocouple Assembly Catalog No. 45-17620 available from Superpressure,
equivalent has been found satisfactory. Inc. or equivalent can be used.
G72
5.12 Heating Jacket—A 230-V, 1000-W single-phase heat- 7.2.1 Warning! Harmful if inhaled. High concentrations
ing jacket designed to fit the reaction vessel should be used. may c
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