ASTM B170-99(2015)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic Copper—Refinery Shapes
Standard Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic Copper—Refinery Shapes
ABSTRACT
This specification covers grade 1 ( UNS C10100) and grade 2 (UNS C10200) of oxygen-free electrolytic copper wire bars, billets, and cakes produced without the use of metallic or metaloidal deoxidizers. The chemical composition of each grade shall be in accordance with the requirements specified. The maximum mass resistivity for grade 1 and grade 2 are presented. Grade 1 shall withstand ten reverse bends without breaking, in accordance with test method d of test methods B 577. Grade 2 shall withstand eight reverse bends without breaking in accordance with Test Method D of test methods B 577.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for two grades of oxygen-free electrolytic copper wire bars, billets, and cakes produced without the use of metallic or metaloidal deoxidizers.
1.2 Oxygen-free copper, as described herein, is defined as copper containing oxygen not in excess of 0.0010 % (10 ppm).
1.2.1 Grade 1 copper (UNS C10100) corresponds to the designation OFE in Classification B224.
1.2.2 Grade 2 copper (UNS C10200) corresponds to the designation OF in Classification B224.
1.2.3 Grade 2 copper may be used to produce OFS designation coppers corresponding to UNS C10400, C10500, and C10700.
1.3 Although this specification includes certain UNS designations as described in Practice E527, these designations are for cross reference only and are not specification requirements. In case of conflict, Specification B170 shall govern.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only, except for analytical measurements where SI units are the norm.
1.5 The following hazard caveat pertains only to Section 13 and Annex A1, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:B170 −99 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Oxygen-Free Electrolytic Copper—Refinery Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B170; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for two
B5Specification for High ConductivityTough-Pitch Copper
gradesofoxygen-freeelectrolyticcopperwirebars,billets,and
Refinery Shapes
cakes produced without the use of metallic or metaloidal
B193Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
deoxidizers.
Materials
1.2 Oxygen-free copper, as described herein, is defined as
B224Classification of Coppers
coppercontainingoxygennotinexcessof0.0010%(10ppm).
B577TestMethodsforDetectionofCuprousOxide(Hydro-
1.2.1 Grade 1 copper (UNS C10100) corresponds to the gen Embrittlement Susceptibility) in Copper
designation OFE in Classification B224. B846Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
1.2.2 Grade 2 copper (UNS C10200) corresponds to the
Determine Conformance with Specifications
designation OF in Classification B224.
E50Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Consid-
1.2.3 Grade 2 copper may be used to produce OFS desig-
erations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and
nation coppers corresponding to UNS C10400, C10500, and
Related Materials
C10700.
E53Test Method for Determination of Copper in Unalloyed
1.3 Although this specification includes certain UNS desig-
Copper by Gravimetry
nations as described in Practice E527, these designations are E76Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Copper
forcrossreferenceonlyandarenotspecificationrequirements. Alloys (Withdrawn 2003)
In case of conflict, Specification B170 shall govern. E255Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for
the Determination of Chemical Composition
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
E527Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
Unified Numbering System (UNS)
informationonly,exceptforanalyticalmeasurementswhereSI
units are the norm.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1.5 The following hazard caveat pertains only to Section 13
3.1.1 Definition of terms used shall be that found in Clas-
and Annex A1, of this specification. This standard does not
sification B224 and Terminology B846.
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
4. Ordering Information
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
4.1 Orders for material shall include the following informa-
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
tion:
use.
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
4.1.2 Grade,
1 2
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeB05onCopper For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.07 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Refined Copper. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2015. Published October 2015. Originally the ASTM website.
ɛ1 3
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as B170–99 (2010) . The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/B0170-99R15. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B170−99 (2015)
4.1.2.1 Grade 1 copper, (UNS C10100), corresponds to the 6.2 Embrittlement Test:
designation OFE in Classification B224, 6.2.1 Grade 1 shall withstand ten reverse bends without
4.1.2.2 Grade 2 copper (UNS C10200), corresponds to the
breaking, in accordance with Test Method D of Test Methods
designation OF in Classification B224, B577.
4.1.3 Shape and size, and
6.2.2 Grade 2 shall withstand eight reverse bends without
4.1.4 Quantity.
breaking in accordance with Test Method D of Test Methods
B577.
4.2 The following options are available and should be
specified at time of order when required:
7. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
4.2.1 Certification,
4.2.2 Test reports,
7.1 Standard Shapes and Sizes—The copper shall be sup-
4.2.3 Piece identification,
plied in the form of wire bars, cakes, and billets (Note 1).
4.2.4 The amount of silver required in troy oz/short ton for
NOTE 1—For available shapes and sizes consult the manufacturer’s
silver bearing (OFS) coppers,
published list.
4.2.4.1 The addition of silver up to an average of 30 troy
7.1.1 Wirebarscoveredbythisspecificationdonotconform
oz/short ton (0.102 %) will be considered within the
in dimension to Specification B5.
specification, with no individual silver analysis to exceed
35troy oz⁄short ton (0.12%), and
7.2 Wire Bars:
4.2.4.2 Copper with added silver corresponds to the desig-
7.2.1 A variation of 5% in weight, or
nation OFS as shown in Classification B224 and to coppers
7.2.2 A variation of ⁄4in. (6.4 mm) in height, or width, or
UNS C10400, C10500, and C10700 as defined by the agreed
both, or
silver content.
7.2.3 A variation of 1% in length from the purchaser’s
specification shall be considered good delivery.
5. Chemical Composition
7.3 Cakes:
5.1 The composition of each grade shall be in accordance
7.3.1 A variation of 5% in weight, or
with the requirements of Table 1.
7.3.2 A variation of ⁄4in. (6.4 mm) in height or width, or
5.2 By agreement between purchaser and supplier, analysis
both, from the purchaser’s specification shall be considered
may be required and limits established for elements not
good delivery.
specified in Table 1.
7.3.3 Cakes may vary by 3% from any listed or specified
dimension greater than 8 in. (203 mm).
6. Physical Properties
7.4 Billets:
6.1 Electrical Resistivity:
7.4.1 For billets up to 6 in. (152.4 mm) in diameter, a
6.1.1 The maximum mass resistivity for Grade 1 is 0.15176
2 variation of 5% in weight and 6 ⁄16in. (1.6 mm) in diameter
Ω g/m (conductivity 101%, minimum, International An-
from the purchaser’s specification shall be considered good
nealed Copper Standards, (IACS).
delivery.
6.1.2 The maximum mass resistivity for Grade 2 is 0.15328
7.4.2 For billets 6 in. (152.4 mm) and over in diameter, the
Ω g/m (conductivity 100%, minimum, IACS).
1 1
diameter tolerance shall be + ⁄16,− ⁄8in. (+1.6 mm, −3.2 mm)
for good delivery.
A 7.4.3 By agreement between the manufacturer and the
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
purchaser a diameter tolerance of +0 in., − ⁄16in. (+0 mm,
Element Grade 1 Grade 2
B −4.8mm) may be specified for billets 6 in. and over in
Copper, min % 99.99 .
Copper (including silver), min % . . . 99.95 diameter.
ppm, max ppm, max
7.4.4 Billets varying in length by 62% from the listed or
Antimony 4 . . .
specified length shall be considered good delivery.
Arsenic 5 . . .
Bismuth 1 . . .
7.4.5 Billets shall be straight within ⁄4in. (6.4 mm) in 4 ft
Cadmium 1 . . .
(1.22m) as measured at the center of the billet.
Iron 10 . . .
7.4.6 Billets shall not be cupped except by specific agree-
Lead 5 . . .
Manganese 0.5 . . .
ment at time of purchase.
Nickel 10 . . .
Oxygen 5 10
C
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
Phosphorus 3 .
Selenium 3 . . .
8.1 Wire Bars, Billets, and Cakes—Shall be substantially
Silver 25 . . .
Sulfur 15 . . .
freeofshrinkholes,porosity,cracks,coldsets,pits,inclusions,
Tellurium 2 . . .
and similar defects.
Tin 2 .
Zinc 1 . . .
A 9. Sampling
Analytical uncertainty is not incorporated into the specified limits.
B
Copper is determined by the difference of impurity total from 100.
C 9.1 Forroutinesampling,themethodofsamplingshallbeat
Refer to Section 13.
the discretion of the sampler.
B170−99 (2015)
9.2 In the case of special requirements specified in the 9.6 Resistivity—In case of dispute concerning mass
purchase order or contract, the method of sampling shall be as resistivity, each party shall select two pieces from the lot.
agreed upon between the producer, or supplier, and the
9.6.1 In the presence of both parties, and by mutually
purchaser.
agreeable means, a single sample of adequate size shall be cut
from each of the four pieces and fabricated into a wire.
9.3 In case of dispute, a sampling lot shall consist of all
9.6.2 Each coil shall be cut into three portions of approxi-
pieces in a shipment manufactured during a single production
mately equal length, and the twelve portions thus obtained
period as defined and recorded by the manufacturer.
shall be individually identified.
9.4 Chemical Composition—In case of dispute concerning
9.6.3 The twelve wires shall be divided into three groups of
chemical composition, each party shall select two pieces from
four wires each, one from each of the four original selected
the lot to be investigated.
pieces;onegroupeachforthemanufacturer,thepurchaser,and
9.4.1 Each of the four selected pieces shall be sampled in
the umpire, if necessary.
the presence of both parties by drilling five holes, approxi-
9.7 Embrittlement—In case of dispute concerning freedom
mately ⁄2in. (12.7 mm) in diameter, at points equally spaced
from embrittlement, sampling shall be described in 9.6.
between the ends of the pieces.
9.4.2 For wire bars or billets, these holes shall be along an
9.8 Variation in Weights or Dimensions—In case of dispute
approximate center line, and with cakes, along an approximate
concerning weights or dimensions, the representative of the
diagonal line between opposite corners.
manufacturer and purchaser shall inspect all pieces where
9.4.3 The drilling shall be completely through each piece.
physical defects or variations in weights are claimed. If such
Surface drillings shall be rejected.
inspection is not practical, or if agreement is not reached, the
9.4.3.1 The drill bit used shall be thoroughly cleaned prior
question of fact shall be submitted to a mutually agreeable
to use. The bit shall be made from a noncontaminating
umpire.
material.
9.4.3.2 No lubricant shall be used, and the drill shall not be
10. Number of Tests and Retests
forced sufficiently to cause oxidation of the drillings.
10.1 Number of Tests:
9.4.4 In case of a section more than 5 in. (125 mm) in
10.1.1 The chemical composition, except for oxygen, shall
thickness, drillings may be made from opposite sides for a
be determined as the mean of the observations from three
depth of not less than 2 in. (51 mm) in each direction instead
replicate analyses of each of the four portions.
of completely through each piece, but, in other respects, the
10.1.2 The oxygen content shall be determined as the mean
drillings shall be conducted as previously described.
of the results from the four test specimens.
9.4.5 The drillings from each of the four pieces are indi-
10.1.3 The mass resistivity shall be determined as the mean
vidually mixed and divided into three approximately equal
of the results from the four test specimens.
portions.
10.1.4 Thefreedomfromembrittlementshallbedetermined
9.4.5.1 Each portion shall be placed in a sealed,
as the mean of the results from the four test specimens.
noncontaminating, package, and
9.4.5.2 The twelve portions shall be individually identified,
10.2 Retest:
and
10.2.1 In case of dispute one retest may be made by the
9.4.5.3 Divided into three groups of four portion each, one
manufacturer or the purchaser or both, under the conditions of
portion from each of the original four pieces; one group each
10.1.
for the manufacturer, the purchaser, and the umpire, if neces-
10.3 Umpire Test:
sary.
10.3.1 In the case where the retest does not settle the
9.4.6 Sampling of individual pieces weighing over 1000 lb
dispute, a second retest may be made by a third qualified
(453 kg) shall be by agreement between manufacturer and the
laboratory agreeable to the manufacturer and the purchaser.
purchaser.
The second retest shall be made on the samples set aside for
9.5 Oxygen—In case of dispute concerning oxygen content,
this purpose.
each party shall select two pieces from the lot to be investi-
10.3.2 The umpire provision does not preclude other
gated.
arrangements, by agreement or contract.
9.5.1 Each of the four selected pieces shall be sampled in
the presence of both parties. A single piece of adequate size
11. Specimen Preparation
shallbecutfromeachofthefourpiecesbymutuallyagreeable
11.1 Oxygen:
means.
11.1.1 The test specimen shall originate as a single piece of
9.5.2 Each piece shall be cut into three approximately equal
portions. The twelve portions thus obtained shall be individu- appropriate size cut from a bar, cake, or billet from which a
0.25-in. (6.4-mm) test cube specimen is fabricated by means
ally identified.
agreeable to the manufacturer and the purchaser.
9.5.3 The twelve portions shall be divided into three groups
offourportionseach,onefromeachoftheoriginalfourpieces; 11.1.2 The test specimen shall be etched with a solution of
one group each for the manufacturer, the purchaser, and the nitric acid (HNO ) (1+1) for a time sufficient to produce a
umpire, if necessary. visible reaction.
B170−99 (2015)
11.1.3 The test specimen is removed from the acid with 12.6 In case of dispute concerning the oxygen content of
stainlesssteel,orplatinumtipped,tongs,orforceps,andrinsed Grade 1 or Grade 2, the method of analysis shall be by the
four times with distilled or deionized water. conductometric method, the vacuum fusion method, or the
11.1.4 The test specimen is covered with concentrated inert gas fusion technique, described in the annex.
hydrochloric acid (HCl) for 5 min, rinsed four times with
12.7 In case of dispute concerning the sulfur content of
water, blotted dry, dipped in acetone, and allowed to air dry.
Grade 1, the method of analysis shall be by induction furnace
11.1.5 The test specimen is weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg
combustion and infrared detection instrumentation in accor-
and analyzed in a properly calibrated oxygen analyzer.
dance with the test method described in the annex, or by
agreement between the manufacturer or supplier and the
11.2 Resistivity:
11.2.1 Eachtestspecimenshalloriginateasasinglepieceof purchaser, or by the direct combustion method described in
Test Methods E76.
appropriate size cut from a bar, cake, or billet. The specimen
s
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: B170 − 99 (Reapproved 2010) B170 − 99 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Oxygen-Free Electrolytic Copper—Refinery Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B170; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—Sections 2 and 6 editorially corrected in March 2011.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for two grades of oxygen-free electrolytic copper wire bars, billets, and cakes
produced without the use of metallic or metaloidal deoxidizers.
1.2 Oxygen-free copper, as described herein, is defined as copper containing oxygen not in excess of 0.0010 % (10 ppm).
1.2.1 Grade 1 copper (UNS C10100) corresponds to the designation OFE in Classification B224.
1.2.2 Grade 2 copper (UNS C10200) corresponds to the designation OF in Classification B224.
1.2.3 Grade 2 copper may be used to produce OFS designation coppers corresponding to UNS C10400, C10500, and C10700.
1.3 Although this specification includes certain UNS designations as described in Practice E527, these designations are for cross
reference only and are not specification requirements. In case of conflict, Specification B170 shall govern.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only, except for analytical measurements where SI units are the norm.
1.5 The following hazard caveat pertains only to Section 13 and Annex A1, of this specification. This standard does not purport
to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B5 Specification for High Conductivity Tough-Pitch Copper Refinery Shapes
B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor Materials
B224 Classification of Coppers
B577 Test Methods for Detection of Cuprous Oxide (Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility) in Copper
B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E53 Test Method for Determination of Copper in Unalloyed Copper by Gravimetry
E76 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Copper Alloys (Withdrawn 2003)
E255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for the Determination of Chemical Composition
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definition of terms used shall be that found in Classification B224 and Terminology B846.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.07 on Refined
Copper.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010Oct. 15, 2015. Published May 2010October 2015. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as
ɛ1
B170 – 99 (2010) (2004). . DOI: 10.1520/B0170-99R10E01.10.1520/B0170-99R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B170 − 99 (2015)
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material shall include the following information:
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
4.1.2 Grade,
B170 − 99 (2015)
4.1.2.1 Grade 1 copper, (UNS C10100), corresponds to the designation OFE in Classification B224,
4.1.2.2 Grade 2 copper (UNS C10200), corresponds to the designation OF in Classification B224,
4.1.3 Shape and size, and
4.1.4 Quantity.
4.2 The following options are available and should be specified at time of order when required:
4.2.1 Certification,
4.2.2 Test reports,
4.2.3 Piece identification,
4.2.4 The amount of silver required in troy oz/short ton for silver bearing (OFS) coppers,
4.2.4.1 The addition of silver up to an average of 30 troy oz/short ton (0.102 %) will be considered within the specification, with
no individual silver analysis to exceed 35 troy35 troy oz ⁄ oz/short short ton (0.12 %), and
4.2.4.2 Copper with added silver corresponds to the designation OFS as shown in Classification B224 and to coppers UNS
C10400, C10500, and C10700 as defined by the agreed silver content.
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 The composition of each grade shall be in accordance with the requirements of Table 1.
5.2 By agreement between purchaser and supplier, analysis may be required and limits established for elements not specified
in Table 1.
6. Physical Properties
6.1 Electrical Resistivity:
6.1.1 The maximum mass resistivity for Grade 1 is 0.15176 Ω g/m (conductivity (conductivity 101 %, minimum,
International Annealed Copper Standards, (IACS).
6.1.2 The maximum mass resistivity for Grade 2 is 0.15328 Ω g/m (conductivity 100 %, minimum, IACS).
6.2 Embrittlement Test:
6.2.1 Grade 1 shall withstand ten reverse bends without breaking, in accordance with Test Method D of Test Methods B577.
6.2.2 Grade 2 shall withstand eight reverse bends without breaking in accordance with Test Method D of Test Methods B577.
7. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
7.1 Standard Shapes and Sizes—The copper shall be supplied in the form of wire bars, cakes, and billets (Note 1).
NOTE 1—For available shapes and sizes consult the manufacturer’s published list.
7.1.1 Wire bars covered by this specification do not conform in dimension to Specification B5.
7.2 Wire Bars:
7.2.1 A variation of 5 % in weight, or
7.2.2 A variation of ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) in height, or width, or both, or
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
Element Grade 1 Grade 2
B
Copper, min % 99.99 . . .
Copper (including silver), min % . . . 99.95
ppm, max ppm, max
Antimony 4 . . .
Arsenic 5 . . .
Bismuth 1 . . .
Cadmium 1 . . .
Iron 10 . . .
Lead 5 . . .
Manganese 0.5 . . .
Nickel 10 . . .
Oxygen 5 10
C
Phosphorus 3 . . .
Selenium 3 . . .
Silver 25 . . .
Sulfur 15 . . .
Tellurium 2 . . .
Tin 2 . . .
Zinc 1 . . .
A
Analytical uncertainty is not incorporated into the specified limits.
B
Copper is determined by the difference of impurity total from 100.
C
Refer to Section 13.
B170 − 99 (2015)
7.2.3 A variation of 1 % in length from the purchaser’s specification shall be considered good delivery.
7.3 Cakes:
7.3.1 A variation of 5 % in weight, or
7.3.2 A variation of ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) in height or width, or both, from the purchaser’s specification shall be considered good
delivery.
7.3.3 Cakes may vary by 3 % from any listed or specified dimension greater than 8 in. (203 mm).
7.4 Billets:
7.4.1 For billets up to 6 in. (152.4 mm) in diameter, a variation of 5 % in weight and 6 ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) in diameter from the
purchaser’s specification shall be considered good delivery.
1 1
7.4.2 For billets 6 in. (152.4 mm) and over in diameter, the diameter tolerance shall be + ⁄16, − ⁄8 in. (+1.6 mm, −3.2 mm) for
good delivery.
7.4.3 By agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser a diameter tolerance of +0 in., − ⁄16 in. (+0 mm, −4.8 mm)
−4.8 mm) may be specified for billets 6 in. and over in diameter.
7.4.4 Billets varying in length by 62 % from the listed or specified length shall be considered good delivery.
7.4.5 Billets shall be straight within ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) in 4 ft (1.22 m) as measured at the center of the billet.
7.4.6 Billets shall not be cupped except by specific agreement at time of purchase.
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
8.1 Wire Bars, Billets, and Cakes—Shall be substantially free of shrink holes, porosity, cracks, cold sets, pits, inclusions, and
similar defects.
9. Sampling
9.1 For routine sampling, the method of sampling shall be at the discretion of the sampler.
9.2 In the case of special requirements specified in the purchase order or contract, the method of sampling shall be as agreed
upon between the producer, or supplier, and the purchaser.
9.3 In case of dispute, a sampling lot shall consist of all pieces in a shipment manufactured during a single production period
as defined and recorded by the manufacturer.
9.4 Chemical Composition—In case of dispute concerning chemical composition, each party shall select two pieces from the
lot to be investigated.
9.4.1 Each of the four selected pieces shall be sampled in the presence of both parties by drilling five holes, approximately ⁄2 in.
(12.7 mm) in diameter, at points equally spaced between the ends of the pieces.
9.4.2 For wire bars or billets, these holes shall be along an approximate center line, and with cakes, along an approximate
diagonal line between opposite corners.
9.4.3 The drilling shall be completely through each piece. Surface drillings shall be rejected.
9.4.3.1 The drill bit used shall be thoroughly cleaned prior to use. The bit shall be made from a noncontaminating material.
9.4.3.2 No lubricant shall be used, and the drill shall not be forced sufficiently to cause oxidation of the drillings.
9.4.4 In case of a section more than 5 in. (125 mm) in thickness, drillings may be made from opposite sides for a depth of not
less than 2 in. (51 mm) in each direction instead of completely through each piece, but, in other respects, the drillings shall be
conducted as previously described.
9.4.5 The drillings from each of the four pieces are individually mixed and divided into three approximately equal portions.
9.4.5.1 Each portion shall be placed in a sealed, noncontaminating, package, and
9.4.5.2 The twelve portions shall be individually identified, and
9.4.5.3 Divided into three groups of four portion each, one portion from each of the original four pieces; one group each for
the manufacturer, the purchaser, and the umpire, if necessary.
9.4.6 Sampling of individual pieces weighing over 1000 lb (453 kg) shall be by agreement between manufacturer and the
purchaser.
9.5 Oxygen—In case of dispute concerning oxygen content, each party shall select two pieces from the lot to be investigated.
9.5.1 Each of the four selected pieces shall be sampled in the presence of both parties. A single piece of adequate size shall be
cut from each of the four pieces by mutually agreeable means.
9.5.2 Each piece shall be cut into three approximately equal portions. The twelve portions thus obtained shall be individually
identified.
9.5.3 The twelve portions shall be divided into three groups of four portions each, one from each of the original four pieces;
one group each for the manufacturer, the purchaser, and the umpire, if necessary.
9.6 Resistivity—In case of dispute concerning mass resistivity, each party shall select two pieces from the lot.
9.6.1 In the presence of both parties, and by mutually agreeable means, a single sample of adequate size shall be cut from each
of the four pieces and fabricated into a wire.
B170 − 99 (2015)
9.6.2 Each coil shall be cut into three portions of approximately equal length, and the twelve portions thus obtained shall be
individually identified.
9.6.3 The twelve wires shall be divided into three groups of four wires each, one from each of the four original selected pieces;
one group each for the manufacturer, the purchaser, and the umpire, if necessary.
9.7 Embrittlement—In case of dispute concerning freedom from embrittlement, sampling shall be described in 9.6.
9.8 Variation in Weights or Dimensions—In case of dispute concerning weights or dimensions, the representative of the
manufacturer and purchaser shall inspect all pieces where physical defects or variations in weights are claimed. If such inspection
is not practical, or if agreement is not reached, the question of fact shall be submitted to a mutually agreeable umpire.
10. Number of Tests and Retests
10.1 Number of Tests:
10.1.1 The chemical composition, except for oxygen, shall be determined as the mean of the observations from three replicate
analyses of each of the four portions.
10.1.2 The oxygen content shall be determined as the mean of the results from the four test specimens.
10.1.3 The mass resistivity shall be determined as the mean of the results from the four test specimens.
10.1.4 The freedom from embrittlement shall be determined as the mean of the results from the four test specimens.
10.2 Retest:
10.2.1 In case of dispute one retest may be made by the manufacturer or the purchaser or both, under the conditions of 10.1.
10.3 Umpire Test:
10.3.1 In the case where the retest does not settle the dispute, a second retest may be made by a third qualified laboratory
agreeable to the manufacturer and the purchaser. The second retest shall be made on the samples set aside for this purpose.
10.3.2 The umpire provision does not preclude other arrangements, by agreement or contract.
11. Specimen Preparation
11.1 Oxygen:
11.1.1 The test specimen shall originate as a single piece of appropriate size cut from a bar, cake, or billet from which a 0.25-in.
(6.4-mm) test cube specimen is fabricated by means agreeable to the manufacturer and the purchaser.
11.1.2 The test specimen shall be etched with a solution of nitric acid (HNO ) (1+1) for a time sufficient to produce a visible
reaction.
11.1.3 The test specimen is removed from the acid with stainless steel, or platinum tipped, tongs, or forceps, and rinsed four
times with distilled or deionized water.
11.1.4 The test specimen is covered with concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) for 5 min, rinsed four times with water, blotted
dry, dipped in acetone, and allowed to air dry.
11.1.5 The test specimen is weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg and analyzed in a properly calibrated oxygen analyzer.
11.2 Resistivity:
11.2.1 Each
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.