ASTM C242-20
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
Standard Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology pertains to the terminology used in ceramic whitewares and related products.
1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries are not included. Included are words that are peculiar to this industry. Double words, hyphenated words, or phrases are listed alphabetically under the first word; additional important words are cross-referenced.
1.3 For definitions of terms relating to surface imperfections on ceramics, refer to Terminology F109.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: C242 − 20
Standard Terminology of
1
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This terminology pertains to the terminology used in
absolute or true density—see absolute or true density under
ceramic whitewares and related products.
density.
1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries are absorbance—the logarithm of that fraction of an incident light
beam that is dissipated in the sample, being neither trans-
not included. Included are words that are peculiar to this
industry. Double words, hyphenated words, or phrases are mitted nor reflected.
listed alphabetically under the first word; additional important
absorbed moisture—water held mechanically in the material
words are cross-referenced.
and having physical properties not substantially different
1.3 For definitions of terms relating to surface imperfec-
from ordinary water at the same temperature and pressure.
tions on ceramics, refer to Terminology F109.
absorption—(1) the relationship of the weight of the water
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
absorbed by a ceramic specimen, subjected to prescribed
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
immersion procedure, to the weight of the dry specimen. (2)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the capacity of a substance to take up a substance, usually a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
liquid or gas, with the formation of an apparently homoge-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
neous mixture.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
adsorption—the capacity of a substance to accept and retain
2. Referenced Documents
on its surface a layer of another substance, usually a gas or
2
a liquid.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
agglomerate—a jumbled mass or collection of two or more
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
particles or aggregates, or a combination thereof, held
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
together by relatively weak cohesive forces caused by weak
3
cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
chemical bonding or an electrostatic surface charge gener-
F109 Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on
ated by handling or processing.
Ceramics
DISCUSSION—Common usage in powder technology (and British
F465 Practice for Developing Precision and Accuracy Data
Standard BS 2955) has the terms “aggregate” and “agglomerate”
on ASTM Method for the Analysis of Meat and Meat
interchanged in meaning from the definitions presented here, and care
3
Products (Withdrawn 1993)
must be taken to determine in context which definition is in use.
4
2.2 British Standard:
aggregate—a dense mass of particles held together by strong
BS 2955 Glossary of Terms Relating to Powders
intermolecular or atomic cohesive forces that is stable to
normal mixing techniques, including high-speed stirring and
1
ultrasonics.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of
alumina porcelain—see alumina porcelain under porcelain.
Subcommittee C21.01 on Editorial and Terminology.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2020. Published February 2020. Originally
alumina whiteware—see alumina whiteware under ceramic
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as C242 – 19a. DOI:
whiteware.
10.1520/C0242-20.
2
andalusite—a polymorph, along with sillimanite and kyanite,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of composition Al O ·SiO which on firing dissociates to
2 3 2
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
yield principally mullite.
the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
apparent or pycnometric density—see apparent or pycno-
www.astm.org.
4 metric density under density.
Available from British Standards Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,
London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsigroup.com. apparent porosity—see apparent porosity under porosity.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C242 − 20
average particle size—a single value representing the entire bone china—a translucent china made from a ceramic white
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C242 − 19a C242 − 20
Standard Terminology of
1
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology pertains to the terminology used in ceramic whitewares and related products.
1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries are not included. Included are words that are peculiar to this industry.
Double words, hyphenated words, or phrases are listed alphabetically under the first word; additional important words are
cross-referenced.
1.3 For definitions of terms relating to surface imperfections on ceramics, refer to Terminology F109.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
F109 Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
F465 Practice for Developing Precision and Accuracy Data on ASTM Method for the Analysis of Meat and Meat Products
3
(Withdrawn 1993)
4
2.2 British Standard:
BS 2955 Glossary of Terms Relating to Powders
3. Terminology
absolute or true density—See absolute or true density under density.see absolute or true density under density.
absorbance—the logarithm of that fraction of an incident light beam that is dissipated in the sample, being neither transmitted nor
reflected.
absorbed moisture—water held mechanically in the material and having physical properties not substantially different from
ordinary water at the same temperature and pressure.
absorption—((1)1) the relationship of the weight of the water absorbed by a ceramic specimen, subjected to prescribed immersion
procedure, to the weight of the dry specimen.
(2) (2) the capacity of a substance to take up a substance, usually a liquid or gas, with the formation of an apparently
homogeneous mixture.
adsorption—the capacity of a substance to accept and retain on its surface a layer of another substance, usually a gas or a liquid.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.01 on Editorial and Terminology.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2019Feb. 1, 2020. Published October 2019February 2020. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as
C242 – 19.C242 – 19a. DOI: 10.1520/C0242-19A.10.1520/C0242-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from British Standards Institute, 2 Park St., London, England W1A 2B5.Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http://
www.bsigroup.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C242 − 20
agglomerate—a jumbled mass or collection of two or more particles or aggregates, or a combination thereof, held together by
relatively weak cohesive forces caused by weak chemical bonding or an electrostatic surface charge generated by handling or
processing.
DISCUSSION—
Common usage in powder technology (and British Standard BS 2955) has the terms “aggregate” and “agglomerate” interchanged in meaning from the
definitions presented here, and care must be taken to determine in context which definition is in use.
aggregate—a dense mass of particles held together by strong intermolecular or atomic cohesive forces that is stable to normal
mixing techniques, including high-speed stirring and ultrasonics.
alumina porcelain—Seesee alumina porcelain under porcelain.
alumina whiteware—Seesee alumina whiteware
...
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