ASTM D3094-18
(Practice)Standard Practice for Seepage Rate of Aerosol Products (Withdrawn 2023)
Standard Practice for Seepage Rate of Aerosol Products (Withdrawn 2023)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This practice affords a more rapid answer to the ever-present problem of mass loss during storage. It is of particular value in determining the effectiveness of valve stake and clinch seal elastomers in contact with new formulations. This practice may also be used to evaluate new valves with standard mixtures.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of approximate mass loss due to valve seepage rate2 of aerosol products by the collection and measurement of gases seeping through the valve and into a special eudiometer tube, over a relatively short time period.
1.2 It can be shown that the average refrigeration-filled aerosol product seeps to the extent of approximately 3.0 mL when the corresponding mass loss is 0.10 oz (2.9 cm3)/year. This figure is partially based on air content and is subject to variations according to filling conditions. This practice is not considered dependable when applied to pressure-filled, unpurged aerosol products.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covered the determination of approximate mass loss due to valve seepage rate of aerosol products by the collection and measurement of gases seeping through the valve and into a special eudiometer tube, over a relatively short time period.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D10 on Packaging, this practice was withdrawn in December 2023. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement because the Household and Consumer Products Association (HCPA) offers standards for Aerosol Products.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3094 − 18
Standard Practice for
1
Seepage Rate of Aerosol Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3094; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope seal elastomers in contact with new formulations.This practice
may also be used to evaluate new valves with standard
1.1 This practice covers the determination of approximate
2 mixtures.
mass loss due to valve seepage rate of aerosol products by the
collection and measurement of gases seeping through the valve
3. Apparatus
and into a special eudiometer tube, over a relatively short time
3.1 Bath, constant-temperature, equipped with a thermo-
period.
regulator sufficient to maintain water at 80 6 2°F (26 6 1°C).
1.2 It can be shown that the average refrigeration-filled
The tank should be of sufficient proportions to accommodate
aerosol product seeps to the extent of approximately 3.0 mL
the necessary number of test specimens in an upright position,
3
when the corresponding mass loss is 0.10 oz (2.9 cm )/year.
so that each specimen is surrounded by approximately 1 in. (25
This figure is partially based on air content and is subject to
mm) of water.
variations according to filling conditions. This practice is not
3.2 EudiometerTubes (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), custom-ordered or
considered dependable when applied to pressure-filled, un-
hand-made, with an internal volume of 5.0 mL net (allowing
purged aerosol products.
for any part of the valve that might protrude into the tube). It
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
is convenient to calibrate in 1, 2, and 3-mL divisions.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
NOTE 1—For tests involving many dispensers, small test tubes and vials
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
have been successfully substituted for the tubes in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Test Specimens
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Test specimens shall be prepared in accordance with
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
production methods wherever possible, making certain that the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
clinch diameter and the depth of clinch below the curl of the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mounting cup are in agreement with the specifications. New
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dispensers shall be pretested for leakage by heating the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
contents to 130°F (54°C).
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Procedure
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.1 Fill the bath with water that has been allowed to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
deaerate for 24 h at room temperature. Bring the bath to 80°F
(26°C) and immerse the dispensers.
2. Significance and Use
5.2 Scrub the bath walls, bottom, and dispenser surfaces to
2.1 This practice affords a more rapid answer to the ever-
remove adhering air. Give the dispensers a hard knock to
present problem of mass loss during storage. It is of particular
release any air bubbles clinging to the valve parts.
value in determining the effectiveness of valve stake and clinch
5.3 Submerge the eudiometer tubes and fill them. Remove
the air bubbles. Invert the tubes over the dispenser valves and
allow them to remain for 48 h.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.33 on Aerosol Products. This
5.4 Give each dispenser a hard knock to free the clinging
practice was originally developed by the Chemical Specialties ManufacturersAssn.
gas into the inverted eudiometer tube. Determine and record
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally
the amount of gas in each tube.
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3094 – 00(2010).
DOI: 10.1520/D3094-18.
5.5 The mass loss due to seepage through the valve and
2
Data on the theoretical development of seepage concepts has been filed at
O-ring seal represents only a part of the total mass loss.
ASTM Headquarters as RR:D10-1000. Contact ASTM Customer Service at
service@astm.org. Leakage will also
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3094 − 00 (Reapproved 2010) D3094 − 18
Standard Test Method Practice for
1
Seepage Rate of Aerosol Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3094; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This test method practice covers the determination of approximate mass loss due to valve seepage rate of aerosol products
by the collection and measurement of gases seeping through the valve and into a special eudiometer tube, over a relatively short
time period.
1.2 It can be shown that the average refrigeration-filled aerosol product seeps to the extent of approximately 3.0 mL when the
3
corresponding mass loss is 0.10 oz (2.9 cm )/year. This figure is partially based on air content and is subject to variations according
to filling conditions. This test method practice is not considered dependable when applied to pressure-filled, unpurged aerosol
products.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 This test method practice affords a more rapid answer to the ever-present problem of mass loss during storage. It is of
particular value in determining the effectiveness of valve stake and clinch seal elastomers in contact with new formulations. This
test method practice may also be used to evaluate new valves with standard mixtures.
3. Apparatus
3.1 Bath, constant-temperature, equipped with a thermo-regulator sufficient to maintain water at 80 6 2°F (26 6 1°C). The tank
should be of sufficient proportions to accommodate the necessary number of test specimens in an upright position, so that each
specimen is surrounded by approximately 1 in. (25 mm) of water.
3.2 Eudiometer Tubes (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), custom-ordered or hand-made, with an internal volume of 5.0 mL net (allowing for
any part of the valve that might protrude into the tube). It is convenient to calibrate in 1, 2, and 3-mL divisions.
NOTE 1—For tests involving many dispensers, small test tubes and vials have been successfully substituted for the tubes in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
4. Test Specimens
4.1 Test specimens shall be prepared in accordance with production methods wherever possible, making certain that the clinch
diameter and the depth of clinch below the curl of the mounting cup are in agreement with the specifications. New dispensers shall
be pretested for leakage by heating the contents to 130°F (54°C).
5. Procedure
5.1 Fill the bath with water that has been allowed to deaerate for 24 h at room temperature. Bring the bath to 80°F (26°C) and
immerse the dispensers.
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.33 on Mechanical
DispensersAerosol Products. This test method practice was originally developed by the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Assn.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010May 1, 2018. Published November 2010June 2018. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
D3094 – 00 (2005). (2010). DOI: 10.1520/D3094-00R10.10.1520/D3094-18.
2
Data on the theoretical development of seepage concepts has been filed at ASTM Headquarters as RR:D10-1000. Contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3094 − 18
NOTE 1—The dimensions are approximate, and subject to the geometry of the valve.
FIG. 1 Suggested T
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