ASTM D4418-22
(Practice)Standard Practice for Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines
Standard Practice for Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides the user of gas turbine fuel oils and the designer of gas turbine fuel systems with an appreciation of the effects of fuel contaminants and general methods of controlling such contaminants in gas turbine fuel systems.
5.2 This practice is general in nature and should not be considered a substitute for any requirement imposed by warranty of the gas turbine manufacturer, or by federal, state, or local government regulations.
5.3 Although it cannot replace a knowledge of local conditions or the use of good engineering and scientific judgment, this practice does provide guidance in development of individual fuel management systems for the gas turbine user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the receipt, storage, and handling of fuels for gas turbines, except for gas turbines used in aircraft. It is intended to provide guidance for the control of substances in a fuel that could cause deterioration of either the fuel system, or the gas turbine, or both.
1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selection of a grade of fuel, a topic covered by Specification D2880, or for the safety aspects of the fuel and fuel systems. For example, this practice does not address the spacings of storage tanks, loading and unloading facilities, etc., and procedures for dealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4418 − 22
Standard Practice for
1
Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel
Oil (Accelerated Method)
1.1 Thispracticecoversthereceipt,storage,andhandlingof
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation
fuels for gas turbines, except for gas turbines used in aircraft.
Fuel by Line Sampling
It is intended to provide guidance for the control of substances
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
inafuelthatcouldcausedeteriorationofeitherthefuelsystem,
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
or the gas turbine, or both.
Petroleum Products
1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selec-
D6469 GuideforMicrobialContaminationinFuelsandFuel
tion of a grade of fuel, a topic covered by Specification D2880,
Systems
or for the safety aspects of the fuel and fuel systems. For
example, this practice does not address the spacings of storage
3. Terminology
tanks, loading and unloading facilities, etc., and procedures for
3.1 Definitions:
dealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.
3.1.1 dissolved water, n—water that is homogeneously dis-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
tributed on a molecular scale in a different liquid, called the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
solvent.
only.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Dissolved water does not settle out of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the solution, nor does it form a separate layer or haze in the
container. The amount of water dissolved in the solution
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- depends on the temperature of the solution. For most solvents
the amount of dissolved water will increase as the temperature
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. of the solution increases.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—Tall tanks may stratify on a macro-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- scopic scale. That is, the concentration of the water at different
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the locations in the tank may vary due to the influence of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- macroscopic factors such as gravity, temperature of the addi-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical tion of a different fuel blend to the tank.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.2 free water, n—water in excess of that soluble in the
liquid sample (fuel) at the temperature of the test and usually
2. Referenced Documents
appearing in the liquid sample (fuel) as a haze (cloudiness),
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
droplets or water layer.
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products 3.1.2.1 Discussion—If free water is present at high enough
(ASTM Color Scale)
concentration, it will frequently settle out of the liquid sample
D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by to form a haze or separate layer in the container. If free water
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
is present as very small droplets or in a biofilm it may not be
visible to the naked human eye but may still have an effect on
the liquid product.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
3.1.3 fuel contaminant, n—material not intended to be
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels. present in a fuel, whether introduced during manufacture,
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally
handling, distribution, or storage, that makes the fuel less
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D4418 – 17. DOI:
suitable for the intended use.
10.1520/D4418-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Contaminants, which can be soluble in
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the fuel or insoluble (suspended liquid droplets or solid or
Standards volume information, refer to the
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4418 − 17 D4418 − 22
Standard Practice for
1
Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the receipt, storage, and handling of fuels for gas turbines, except for gas turbines used in aircraft. It is
intended to provide guidance for the control of substances in a fuel that could cause deterioration of either the fuel system, or the
gas turbine, or both.
1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selection of a grade of fuel, a topic covered by Specification D2880, or for
the safety aspects of the fuel and fuel systems. For example, this practice does not address the spacings of storage tanks, loading
and unloading facilities, etc., and procedures for dealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 dissolved water, n—water that is homogeneously distributed on a molecular scale in a different liquid, called the solvent.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels.
Current edition approved May 1, 2017Nov. 1, 2022. Published May 2017November 2022. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 as
D4418 – 00 (2016).D4418 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D4418-17.10.1520/D4418-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4418 − 22
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
Dissolved water does not settle out of solution, nor does it form a separate layer or haze in the container. The amount of water
dissolved in the solution depends on the temperature of the solution. For most solvents the amount of dissolved water will increase
as the temperature of the solution increases.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—
Tall tanks may stratify on a macroscopic scale. That is, the concentration of the water at different locations in the tank may vary
due to the influence of macroscopic factors such as gravity, temperature of the addition of a different fuel blend to the tank.
3.1.2 fuel enteringfree water, the n—combustor(s)—this term is used to designate the fuel that is actually burned in the gas turbine.
Fuel may actually be sampled at a point upstream from the point of entry into the combustor(s), provided the sample is
representative of the fuel actually entering the combustor(s).water in excess of that soluble i
...
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