ASTM C35-01(2014)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Inorganic Aggregates for Use in Gypsum Plaster
Standard Specification for Inorganic Aggregates for Use in Gypsum Plaster
ABSTRACT
This specification covers perlite, vermiculite, natural and manufactured sand for use as gypsum plaster aggregates. The materials shall conform to the chemical composition, grading, and density requirements covered in this specification. The materials shall be tested for sieve analysis, density of lightweight aggregate, and water soluble impurities of sand.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers perlite, vermiculite, natural and manufactured sand for use as gypsum plaster aggregates.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
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Designation:C35 −01 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Specification for
Inorganic Aggregates for Use in Gypsum Plaster
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C35; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers perlite, vermiculite, natural
3.1 Definitions shall be in accordance with Terminology
and manufactured sand for use as gypsum plaster aggregates.
C11.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2.1 manufactured sand, n—the fine material resulting
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
fromthecrushingandclassificationbyscreening,orotherwise,
and are not considered standard.
of rock, gravel, or blast furnace slag.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 natural sand, n—the fine granular material resulting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
from the natural disintegration of rock or from the crushing of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
friable sandstone.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.2.3 perlite aggregate, n—a siliceous volcanic glass ex-
panded by heat.
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and
footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and
3.2.4 vermiculite aggregate, n—a micaceous mineral ex-
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
panded by heat.
considered as requirements of the specification.
4. Chemical Composition
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Water-soluble impurities in sand shall not exceed 0.15
2.1 ASTM Standards:
weight % and sodium ion content shall not exceed 0.02 weight
C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related Building
Materials and Systems % when tested in accordance with Section 7.
C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)
4.2 Sand shall develop a color no darker than the standard,
and Voids in Aggregate
whensubjectedtothecolorimetrictestfororganicimpuritiesin
C40 Test Method for Organic Impurities in FineAggregates
accordance with Test Method C40, unless it is established by
for Concrete
adequate tests that the impurities causing the color are not
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
harmful in plaster.
Aggregates
C471M Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Gypsum and
5. Mechanical Requirements
Gypsum Products (Metric)
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates 5.1 Grading—Shallbeasfollowswhentestedinaccordance
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test with Section 7:
Sieves
5.1.1 Perlite and vermiculite shall be graded within the
limits specified in Table 1.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C11 on
5.1.2 Natural and Manufactured Sand—Shall be graded
GypsumandRelatedBuildingMaterialsandSystemsandisthedirectresponsibility
withnotmorethan50 %retainedbetweenanytwoconsecutive
of Subcommittee C11.02 on Specifications and Test Methods for Accessories and
sieves shown in Table 1, nor more than 25 % between the
Related Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally No. 50 (300 µm) and No. 100 (150 µm) sieves.
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C35 – 01 (2009). DOI:
10.1520/C0035-01R14. 5.2 Density:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2.1 Perlite shall have a density of not less than 6 nor more
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3 3
than12lb/ft (96to192kg/m )whentestedinaccordancewith
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Test Method C29/C29M using the shoveling procedure.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C35−01 (2014)
TABLE 1 Grading Requirements
7.3.1.1 Measure the volume of each sieve fraction in a
Percentage Retained on Each Sieve, Cumulative 250 mLgraduated cylinder. Pour the specimen loosely into the
Perlite, Vermiculite, Sand, graduate without tamping or shaking. Level the surface with a
Sieve Size
by volume by volume by weight
spatula and read the volume to within 62 mL.
Max Min Max Min Max Min
7.3.2 Express the volumes of the individual sieve fractions
No. 4 (4.75-mm) 0 . 0 . 0 .
as percentages of the sum of the volumes of all fractions.
No. 8 (2.36-mm) 5 0 10 0 5 0
No. 16 (1.18-mm) 60 5 75 40 30 5 7.3.3 Calculate the cumulative percentages on each desig-
No. 30 (600-µm) 95 45 95 65 65 30
nated sieve by summing the individual percentages of all
No. 50 (300-µm) 98 75 98 75 95 65
fractions larger than that sieve.
No. 100 (150-µm) 100 85 100 90 100 90
No. 200 (15-µm) 100 95
7.4 Density of Lightweight Aggregate— Test Method C29/
C29M; use shoveling procedure.
7.5 Water Soluble Impurities of Sand:
5.2.2 Vermiculite shall have a density of not less than 6 nor
7.5.1 SignificanceandUse—Impuritiescanaffectthesetting
3 3
more than 10 lb/ft (96 to 160 kg/m ) when tested in accor-
properties, strength, and bond performance of gypsum plaster.
dance with Test Method C29/C29M using the shoveling
These procedures determine the water soluble impurities of the
procedure.
sand being evaluated.
7.5.2 Apparatus:
6. Sampling
7.5.2.1 Analytical Balance, with a precision of 0.0001 g.
6.1 Apparatus—Suitable thief tube.
7.5.2.2 Balance, capable of weighing at least 10 g to a
6.2 Bulk Aggregate—Obtain specimens of sand in accor-
precision of 0.1 g.
dance with Practice D75.
7.5.2.3 Desiccator, containing calcium chloride or equiva-
6.3 Bagged Aggregate—Obtain from 1 bag randomly se-
lent desiccant.
lected from each 100 bags but not less than 6 bags from the
7.5.2.4 Drying Oven, capable of being controlled to 250°F
shipment. For smaller shipments, not less than 6 % of the
(121°C).
number of bags shall constitute the sample.
7.5.2.5 Filter Paper—A “fast” filter paper shall be used.
6.3.1 Secure specimens by inserting a suitable thief tube the
7.5.2.6 Atomic Absorption or Ion Chromatography Equip-
full distance between diagonally opposite corners of the bag
ment.
with the bag lying in a horizontal position. Combine the
7.5.2.7 Mechanical Shaker.
portions to produce a composite specimen having a volume not
3 3
less than 1 ft (0.028 m ). Prepare and test not less than 1 7.5.3 Procedure (Water Soluble Impurities):
composite specimen separately for each 2000 bags of aggre-
7.5.3.1 Weigh approximately 10 g of air-dried sand and
gate.
record the weight to 0.1 g. Transfer to a 250-mL beaker. Add
100 m
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C35 − 01 (Reapproved 2009) C35 − 01 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Specification for
Inorganic Aggregates for Use in Gypsum Plaster
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C35; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers perlite, vermiculite, natural and manufactured sand for use as gypsum plaster aggregates.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related Building Materials and Systems
C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
C40 Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for Concrete
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C471M Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Gypsum and Gypsum Products (Metric)
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions shall be in accordance with Terminology C11.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 manufactured sand, n—the fine material resulting from the crushing and classification by screening, or otherwise, of rock,
gravel, or blast furnace slag.
3.2.2 natural sand, n—the fine granular material resulting from the natural disintegration of rock or from the crushing of friable
sandstone.
3.2.3 perlite aggregate, n—a siliceous volcanic glass expanded by heat.
3.2.4 vermiculite aggregate, n—a micaceous mineral expanded by heat.
4. Chemical Composition
4.1 Water-soluble impurities in sand shall not exceed 0.15 weight % and sodium ion content shall not exceed 0.02 weight %
when tested in accordance with Section 7.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C11 on Gypsum and Related Building Materials and Systems and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee C11.02 on Specifications and Test Methods for Accessories and Related Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009Sept. 1, 2014. Published September 2009October 2014. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 20052009
as C35 – 01 (2009).(2005). DOI: 10.1520/C0035-01R09.10.1520/C0035-01R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C35 − 01 (2014)
4.2 Sand shall develop a color no darker than the standard, when subjected to the colorimetric test for organic impurities in
accordance with Test Method C40, unless it is established by adequate tests that the impurities causing the color are not harmful
in plaster.
5. Mechanical Requirements
5.1 Grading—Shall be as follows when tested in accordance with Section 7:
5.1.1 Perlite and vermiculite shall be graded within the limits specified in Table 1.
5.1.2 Natural and Manufactured Sand—Shall be graded with not more than 50 % retained between any two consecutive sieves
shown in Table 1, nor more than 25 % between the No. 50 No. 50 (300 μm) and No. 100 No. 100 (150 μm) sieves.
5.2 Density:
3 3
5.2.1 Perlite shall have a density of not less than 6 nor more than 12 lb/ft (96 to 192 kg/m ) when tested in accordance with
Test Method C29/C29M using the shoveling procedure.
3 3
5.2.2 Vermiculite shall have a density of not less than 6 nor more than 10 lb/ft (96 to 160 kg/m ) when tested in accordance
with Test Method C29/C29M using the shoveling procedure.
6. Sampling
6.1 Apparatus—Suitable thief tube.
6.2 Bulk Aggregate—Obtain specimens of sand in accordance with Practice D75.
6.3 Bagged Aggregate—Obtain from 1 bag randomly selected from each 100 bags but not less than 6 bags from the shipment.
For smaller shipments, not less than 6 % of the number of bags shall constitute the sample.
6.3.1 Secure specimens by inserting a suitable thief tube the full distance between diagonally opposite corners of the bag with
the bag lying in a horizontal position. Combine the portions to produce a composite specimen having a volume not less than 1 ft
(0.028 m ). Prepare and test not less than 1 composite specimen separately for each 2000 bags of aggregate.
6.4 Reduce specimens obtained in accordance with 6.2 or 6.3 by quartering or riffling to obtain specimens of proper size for
individual tests.
7. Test Methods
7.1 Apparatus:
7.1.1 Sieve—Specification E11, Nos. 4, 8, 16, 30, 50, 100, 200 (4.75, 2.36, 1.18 mm, 600 μm, 300 μm, 150 μm, 15 μm).
7.1.2 Graduated 250 mL Cylinder.
7.1.3 250 mL Beaker.
7.1.4 Tared Evaporating Dish.
7.1.5 Fast Paper Filter.
7.1.6 100 mL Volumetric Flask.
TABLE 1 Grading Requirements
Percentage Retained on Each Sieve, Cumulative
Perlite, Vermiculite, Sand,
Sieve Size
by volume by volume by weight
Max Min Max Min Max Min
No. 4 (4.75-mm) 0 . 0 . 0 .
No. 8 (2.36-mm) 5 0 10 0 5 0
No. 16 (1.18-mm) 60 5 75 40 30 5
No. 30 (600-μm) 95 45 95 65 65 30
No. 50 (300-μm) 98 75 98 75 95 65
No. 100 (150-μm) 100 85 100 90 100 90
No. 200 (15-μm) 100 95
TABLE 1 Grading Requirements
Percentage Retained on Each Sieve, Cumulative
Perlite, Vermiculite, Sand,
Sieve Size
by volume by volume by weight
Max Min Max Min Max Min
No. 4 (4.75-mm) 0 . 0 . 0 .
No. 8 (2.36-mm) 5 0 10 0 5 0
No. 16 (1.18-mm) 60 5 75 40 30 5
No. 30 (600-μm) 95 45 95 65 65 30
No. 50 (300-μm) 98 75 98 75 95 65
No. 100 (150-μm) 100 85 100 90 100 90
No. 200 (15-μm) 100 95
C35 − 01 (2014)
7.1.7 Deionized Water.
7.1.8 Spatula.
7.1.9 Weighing Scale.
7.1.10 Oven.
7.1.11 Desiccator.
7.1.12 Mechanical Shaker.
7.1.13 500 mL Graduated Cylinder.
7.2 Sieve Analysis for Sand—Use Test Method C136.
7.3 Sieve Analysis for Perlite or Vermiculite—Use Test Method C136 except as modified as follows:
7.3.1 Use a specimen of 500 mL bulk volume.
7.3.1.1 Measure the volume of each sieve fraction in a 250 mL 250 mL graduated cylinder. Pour the specimen loosely into the
graduate without tamping or shaking. Level the surface with a spatula and read the volume to
...
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