ASTM D4851-07(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Coated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural Use
Standard Test Methods for Coated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural Use
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures in this standard can be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of coated and laminated fabrics for architectural use since these test methods have been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. Caution is advised, however, when testing adhesion of coating to fabric and breaking strength after crease fold because between laboratory precision is known to be poor (see 24.2). For these cases, comparative tests conducted, as directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.
5.1.1 In cases of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Methods D 4851 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical analysis for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration of the known bias.
The uses and significance of specific properties are discussed in the appropriate sections of specific test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of coated and laminated fabrics made primarily for use in fabric roof systems. These coated and laminated fabrics are generally in either an air supported or tension supported construction of fabric roof systems.
1.2 These methods can be used for most fiber-based, coated and laminated architectural fabrics.
1.3 This standard includes the following sections that provide test procedures for coated and laminated architectural fabrics:
1.4 These test methods include only testing procedures and do not include specifications or tolerances. They are intended as a guide for specifications. Any of these methods may be used in material specifications to evaluate requirements for a specific end use as related to a particular job.
1.5 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D4851 − 07(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Methods for
Coated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4851; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of coated and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
laminated fabrics made primarily for use in fabric roof sys-
tems.Thesecoatedandlaminatedfabricsaregenerallyineither
2. Referenced Documents
an air supported or tension supported construction of fabric
2.1 ASTM Standards:
roof systems.
C423TestMethodforSoundAbsorptionandSoundAbsorp-
1.2 These methods can be used for most fiber-based, coated
tion Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method
and laminated architectural fabrics.
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
1.3 This standard includes the following sections that pro- D751Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
vide test procedures for coated and laminated architectural D1003Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
fabrics: of Transparent Plastics
D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
Section
Fabric Count 8
D1777Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
Mass per Unit Area 9
D2904Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
Fabric Thickness 10
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-
Fabric Width 11
Fabric Length 12
drawn 2008)
Fabric Bow 13
D2906Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
Adhesion of Coating to Fabric 14
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
Uniaxial Elongation Under Static Load 15
Fabric Breaking Force 16
D3773Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
Breaking Strength After Crease Fold 17
D3774Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
Elongation at Break 18
D3775TestMethodforWarp(End)andFilling(Pick)Count
Fabric Trapezoid Tear Force 19
Resistance to Accelerated Weathering 20
of Woven Fabrics
Solar Optical Properties 21
D3776Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of
Fabric Flame Resistance 22
Fabric
Noise Reduction Coefficient 23
D3882Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven and
1.4 These test methods include only testing procedures and
Knitted Fabrics
do not include specifications or tolerances. They are intended
D4850Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
as a guide for specifications. Any of these methods may be
Methods
used in material specifications to evaluate requirements for a
D5035Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
specific end use as related to a particular job.
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
1.5 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
D5587Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by
regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the
Trapezoid Procedure
inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated
E84Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
Building Materials
system shall be used independently of the other.
E108Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E136Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Tube Furnace at 750°C
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Methods, General. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4851–97(2007). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D4851-07R11. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4851 − 07 (2011)
E424Test Methods for Solar Energy Transmittance and laboratory for testing. The average results from the two
Reflectance (Terrestrial) of Sheet Materials laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical
G23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus analysis for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level
(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias
of Nonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000) is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the
G26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test
(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure results with consideration of the known bias.
of Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001) (With-
5.2 The uses and significance of specific properties are
drawn 2000)
discussed in the appropriate sections of specific test methods.
G53Practice for Operating Light-and Water-Exposure Ap-
paratus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Expo- 6. Sampling
sure of Nonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000)
6.1 Lot Size—The size of an acceptance sampling lot of
2.2 Federal Standards:
fabric for architectural use shall be the number of fabric rolls
Federal Test Method Standard191b,Method5903, Vertical
in a shipment or consignment of a single fabric style unless
Flame Resistance of Cloth
otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.
NFPA 701National Fire Protection Standards—701 Stan-
6.2 Lot Sample—Unless otherwise agreed upon, as when
dard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Resistant Textiles
5 specifiedinanapplicableorderorcontract,takeasalotsample
and Films
the number of rolls in a shipment or consignment of fabric.
Specify the number of rolls of fabric in the lot sample for each
3. Terminology
property of interest. Consider rolls of fabric to be the primary
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test
sampling units.
Methods, General, refer to Terminology D4850.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
purchaserandsupplierrequirestakingintoaccountthevariabilitybetween
air-supportedroof,architectural-use,coatedfabric,fabricroof-
rolls of fabric and between specimens from a swatch or roll of fabric to
system, laminated fabric, tension-supported roof.
provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s
risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
Terminology D123.
6.3 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample, take the
following samples:
4. Summary of Test Method
6.3.1 For fabric width, fabric bow, and fabric length, the
4.1 Asummary of the directions prescribed for the determi- rolls in the lot sample serve as the laboratory sample.
nationofspecificpropertiesisstatedintheappropriatesections 6.3.2 For noise reduction coefficient, flame resistance other
of specific methods or in the referenced test methods. than small scale NFPA 701, solar optical properties, and
resistance to accelerated weathering, take as a laboratory
5. Significance and Use
sample a full-width swatch 12 m (12 yd) long from the end of
each randomly selected roll in the lot sample as determined by
5.1 The procedures in this standard can be used for accep-
agreement between the purchaser and supplier.
tancetestingofcommercialshipmentsofcoatedandlaminated
fabricsforarchitecturalusesincethesetestmethodshavebeen
NOTE 2—Properties such as noise reduction coefficient, some flame
used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. Caution is
resistance tests, solar optical, and resistance to weathering are dependent
advised, however, when testing adhesion of coating to fabric uponfabricstyleandmanufacturingprocesses.Theextentofthesampling
for these properties is usually defined in the applicable order or contract.
and breaking strength after crease fold because between
Among the options available to the purchaser and the supplier is for the
laboratory precision is known to be poor (see 24.2). For these
purchaser to accept a certification by the manufacturer that the material in
cases,comparativetestsconducted,asdirectedin5.1.1,maybe
question meets the specification agreed upon by the two parties and what
advisable.
the basis for the certification is, such as, historical data generated from
material manufactured under the same conditions.
5.1.1 In cases of a dispute arising from differences in
reported test results when using Test Methods D4851 for
6.3.3 For other properties take as a laboratory sample a
acceptancetestingofcommercialshipments,thepurchaserand
full-width swatch1m(1yd) long from the end of each roll in
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
the lot sample.
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
NOTE3—Thesampleswatch,asinthelaboratorysample,maybetaken
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
from the end of a roll if there is no visual evidence that the fabric is
bias.Asaminimum,thetwopartiesshouldtakeagroupoftest
distorted or different from the fabric in other parts of the roll. In cases of
specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and from a
dispute or if by visual evidence the outside fabric is not typical, take a
sampleswatchafterexcludingfabricfromtheouterwrapoftherollorthe
lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens
inner wrap of the core.
should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each
6.4 Test Specimens—Forfabricwidth,fabricbow,andfabric
length, the rolls in the lot sample serve as test specimens. For
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, North Capital and H Streets,
other properties, take test specimens from the swatches in the
NW, Washington, DC 20401.
laboratory sample as directed in the respective test methods in
Although discontinued by the National Fire Protection Association, this
standard continues to be used by the industry. this standard.
D4851 − 07 (2011)
6.4.1 Take the specimens for the measurement of the 12. Length
machinedirectionpropertiesfromdifferentpositionsacrossthe
12.1 Measure the length of each roll in the lot sample as
fabric width and the specimens for the measurement of the
directedinTestMethodD3773usingOptionB(DrumMethod)
cross-machine direction properties from different positions
or Option C (Clock Method).Verify that each sample roll does
along the length of the fabric. Take no specimens nearer the
not contain more than one piece. Total the lengths of the rolls
selvage or edge of the fabric than ⁄10 the width of the fabric or
measured.Comparethelengthforeachoftherollstestedtothe
125 mm (5 in.) whichever is smaller.
length specified on the corresponding identification label.
7. Conditioning
13. Fabric Bow
7.1 Bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium in one of
13.1 Measurethefabricbowofeachrollinthelotsampleas
the following atmospheres:
directed in Test Method D3882 in three places spaced as
7.1.1 Option 1—Atemperatureof21 62°C(70 64°F)and
widelyaspossiblealongtherolllength.Makenomeasurement
relative humidity of 65 65%.
closer to the ends of the roll than1m(1 yd).
7.1.2 Option 2—Atemperatureof23 62°C(73 64°F)and
relative humidity of 50 65%.
14. Adhesion of Coating to Fabric
NOTE 4—The intent of the two options for testing atmospheres is to
NOTE6—Precaution:Inadditiontootherprecautions,whenflammable
allow testing of architectural fabrics in respective laboratories where
or toxic adhesives are used for sealing, they should be cured in a
products generally manufactured are related to a fabric laminating or
well-ventilated area, for example, under a hood, to prevent accumulation
coatingdiscipline.Inanyevent,thetestatmosphereoptionshallbeagreed
of vapors. This is also applicable when sealing techniques that do not
upon by the contractural parties and stated in the report.
require adhesives are used.
7.2 Equilibrium is considered to have been reached when
14.1 Determinethecoatingadhesioninbothmachinedirec-
the increase in mass of the specimen in successive weighings
tion and cross-machine direction as directed in Test Methods
made at intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1% of
D751, using two sets of specimens in both the machine
the mass of the specimen. In general practice, the industry
direction and the cross-machine direction. Use a constant-rate-
approaches equilibrium from the “As Received” side.
of-extension(CRE)typetensiletestingmachineoperatedat50
NOTE 5—It is recognized that in practice, coated and laminated fabrics
6 3 mm/min (2.0 6 0.1 in./min) and report the rate used.
are frequently not weighed to determine when moisture equilibrium has
14.2 Theuseofhydraulic-pneumaticclampingsystemswith
been reached. While such a procedure cannot be accepted in cases of
dispute,itmaybesufficientinroutinetestingtoexposethematerialtothe
a minimum of 50 by 75 mm (2 by 3 in.) serrated jaw faces is
standard atmosphere for testing for a reasonable period of time before the
recommended. Manual clamping is permitted if no slippage of
specimens are tested.Atime of at least 24 h has been found acceptable in
the specimen is observed.
most cases. However, certain fibers and coatings may exhibit slow
moistureequalizationratesfromthe“AsReceived”wetside.Whenthisis
14.3 Run the test with the following exception: Prepare test
known, a preconditioning cycle, as described in Practice D1776 may be
specimens by sealing two material strips face to back.
agreed upon between contractual parties.
14.4 Use the sealing method for seams typical to the
8. Fabric Count
material under test as defined in the Annexes or by an
8.1 Determine the fabric count as directed in Test Method applicable contract or order. To facilitate separation later, do
D3775 making five counts in the machine direction and five
not seal the upper 25 mm (1 in.) of specimen. Condition the
counts in the cross-machine direction on each of the swatches specimens as specified in the sealing method before testing.
from the rolls in the laboratory sample.
14.5 After conditioning, cut through a 25 by 200 mm (1 by
8 in.) strip of both layers of fabric from the center of each
9. Mass Per Unit Area
sealed double-layer strip. Strip the fabric from one layer down
9.1 Determine the mass per unit area of the fabric as
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4851–07 Designation:D4851–07 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Methods for
Coated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4851; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of coated and laminated fabrics made primarily for use in fabric roof systems. These
coated and laminated fabrics are generally in either an air supported or tension supported construction of fabric roof systems.
1.2 These methods can be used for most fiber-based, coated and laminated architectural fabrics.
1.3 This standard includes the following sections that provide test procedures for coated and laminated architectural fabrics:
Section
Fabric Count 8
Mass per Unit Area 9
Fabric Thickness 10
Fabric Width 11
Fabric Length 12
Fabric Bow 13
Adhesion of Coating to Fabric 14
Uniaxial Elongation Under Static Load 15
Fabric Breaking Force 16
Breaking Strength After Crease Fold 17
Elongation at Break 18
Fabric Trapezoid Tear Force 19
Resistance to Accelerated Weathering 20
Solar Optical Properties 21
Fabric Flame Resistance 22
Noise Reduction Coefficient 23
1.4 These test methods include only testing procedures and do not include specifications or tolerances. They are intended as a
guide for specifications. Any of these methods may be used in material specifications to evaluate requirements for a specific end
use as related to a particular job.
1.5 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to regarded separately as the standard.Within the text, the inch-pound
units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles
D3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
General.
Current edition approved JulyMay 1, 2007.2011. Published August 2007.June 2011. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20032007 as
D4851–97(20037). DOI: 10.1520/D4851-07R11.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4851–07 (2011)
D3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
D3775 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven Fabrics
D3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
D3882 Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven and Knitted Fabrics
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
D5587 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
E108 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
E136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750C
E424 Test Methods for Solar Energy Transmittance and Reflectance (Terrestrial) of Sheet Materials
G23 PracticeforOperatingLight-ExposureApparatus(Carbon-ArcType)WithandWithoutWaterforExposureofNonmetallic
Materials (Discontinued 2001)
G26 Practice for Operating Light-ExposureApparatus (Xenon-ArcType)With andWithoutWater for Exposure of Nonmetallic
Materials (Discontinued 2001)
G53 Practice for Operating Light-and Water-Exposure Apparatus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Exposure of
Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001)
2.2 Federal Standards:
Federal Test Method Standard 191b, Method 5903, Vertical Flame Resistance of Cloth
NFPA 701 National Fire Protection Standards—701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Resistant Textiles and Films
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test Methods, General, refer to Terminology D4850.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: air-supported roof, architectural-use, coated fabric, fabric roof-system,
laminated fabric, tension-supported roof.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A summary of the directions prescribed for the determination of specific properties is stated in the appropriate sections of
specific methods or in the referenced test methods.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The procedures in this standard can be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of coated and laminated fabrics
for architectural use since these test methods have been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. Caution is advised,
however, when testing adhesion of coating to fabric and breaking strength after crease fold because between laboratory precision
is known to be poor (see 24.2). For these cases, comparative tests conducted, as directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.
5.1.1 In cases of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Methods D4851 for acceptance
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a
statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a
minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and from a lot of material
of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The
average results from the two laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical analysis for unpaired data and an
acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found
and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration of the known bias.
5.2 The uses and significance of specific properties are discussed in the appropriate sections of specific test methods.
6. Sampling
6.1 Lot Size—The size of an acceptance sampling lot of fabric for architectural use shall be the number of fabric rolls in a
shipment or consignment of a single fabric style unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.
6.2 Lot Sample—Unless otherwise agreed upon, as when specified in an applicable order or contract, take as a lot sample the
number of rolls in a shipment or consignment of fabric. Specify the number of rolls of fabric in the lot sample for each property
of interest. Consider rolls of fabric to be the primary sampling units.
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the purchaser and supplier requires taking into account the variability between rolls
offabricandbetweenspecimensfromaswatchorrolloffabrictoprovideasamplingplanwithameaningfulproducer’srisk,consumer’srisk,acceptable
quality level, and limiting quality level.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, North Capital and H Streets, NW, Washington, DC 20401.
Although discontinued by the National Fire Protection Association, this standard continues to be used by the industry.
D4851–07 (2011)
6.3 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample, take the following samples:
6.3.1 For fabric width, fabric bow, and fabric length, the rolls in the lot sample serve as the laboratory sample.
6.3.2 For noise reduction coefficient, flame resistance other than small scale NFPA701, solar optical properties, and resistance
to accelerated weathering, take as a laboratory sample a full-width swatch 12 m (12 yd) long from the end of each randomly
selected roll in the lot sample as determined by agreement between the purchaser and supplier.
NOTE 2—Properties such as noise reduction coefficient, some flame resistance tests, solar optical, and resistance to weathering are dependent upon
fabric style and manufacturing processes. The extent of the sampling for these properties is usually defined in the applicable order or contract. Among
the options available to the purchaser and the supplier is for the purchaser to accept a certification by the manufacturer that the material in question meets
the specification agreed upon by the two parties and what the basis for the certification is, such as, historical data generated from material manufactured
under the same conditions.
6.3.3 For other properties take as a laboratory sample a full-width swatch1m(1yd) long from the end of each roll in the lot
sample.
NOTE 3—The sample swatch, as in the laboratory sample, may be taken from the end of a roll if there is no visual evidence that the fabric is distorted
or different from the fabric in other parts of the roll. In cases of dispute or if by visual evidence the outside fabric is not typical, take a sample swatch
after excluding fabric from the outer wrap of the roll or the inner wrap of the core.
6.4 Test Specimens—Forfabricwidth,fabricbow,andfabriclength,therollsinthelotsampleserveastestspecimens.Forother
properties, take test specimens from the swatches in the laboratory sample as directed in the respective test methods in this
standard.
6.4.1 Take the specimens for the measurement of the machine direction properties from different positions across the fabric
width and the specimens for the measurement of the cross-machine direction properties from different positions along the length
of the fabric. Take no specimens nearer the selvage or edge of the fabric than ⁄10 the width of the fabric or 125 mm (5 in.)
whichever is smaller.
7. Conditioning
7.1 Bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium in one of the following atmospheres:
7.1.1 Option 1—A temperature of 21 6 2°C (70 6 4°F) and relative humidity of 65 65%.
7.1.2 Option 2—A temperature of 23 6 2°C (73 6 4°F) and relative humidity of 50 65%.
NOTE 4—The intent of the two options for testing atmospheres is to allow testing of architectural fabrics in respective laboratories where products
generally manufactured are related to a fabric laminating or coating discipline. In any event, the test atmosphere option shall be agreed upon by the
contractural parties and stated in the report.
7.2 Equilibrium is considered to have been reached when the increase in mass of the specimen in successive weighings made
at intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 % of the mass of the specimen. In general practice, the industry approaches
equilibrium from the “As Received” side.
NOTE 5—It is recognized that in practice, coated and laminated fabrics are frequently not weighed to determine when moisture equilibrium has been
reached. While such a procedure cannot be accepted in cases of dispute, it may be sufficient in routine testing to expose the material to the standard
atmosphere for testing for a reasonable period of time before the specimens are tested. A time of at least 24 h has been found acceptable in most cases.
However, certain fibers and coatings may exhibit slow moisture equalization rates from the “As Received” wet side. When this is known, a
preconditioning cycle, as described in Practice D1776 may be agreed upon between contractual parties.
8. Fabric Count
8.1 Determine the fabric count as directed in Test Method D3775 making five counts in the machine direction and five counts
in the cross-machine direction on each of the swatches from the rolls in the laboratory sample.
9. Mass Per Unit Area
9.1 Determine the mass per unit area of the fabric as directed in Test Methods D3776, Option C, using each of the rolls in the
laboratory sample.
10. Thickness
10.1 DeterminethethicknessofthefabricasdirectedinMethodD1777usingtentestspecimensfromeachrollinthelaboratory
sample and using the gage with a presser foot with a diameter of 9.5 6 0.025 mm (0.375 6 0.001 in.) that is weighted to apply
a total force of 1.70 6 0.03 N (6 6 0.1 ozf) equivalent in pressure of 23.4 kPa (3.4 psi), unless otherwise specified.
11. Width
11.1 Determine the width of the fabric as directed in Test Method D3774, OptionA(full roll), using the tension free procedure,
except make five measurements on each of the rolls in the lot sample.
12. Length
12.1 Measure the length of each roll in the lot sample as directed in Test Method D3773 using Option B (Drum Method) or
Option C (Clock Method). Verify that each sample roll does not contain more than one piece. Total the lengths of the rolls
D4851–07 (2011)
measured. Compare the length for each of the rolls tested to the length specified on the corresponding identification label.
13. Fabric Bow
13.1 Measure the fabric bow of each roll in the lot sample as directed in Test Method D3882 in three places spaced as widely
as possible along the roll length. Make no measurement closer to the ends of the roll than1m(1 yd).
14. Adhesion of Coating to Fabric
NOTE 6—Precaution: In addition to other precautions, when flammable or toxic adhesives are used for sealing, they should be cured in a
well-ventilated area, for example, under a hood, to prevent accumulation of vapors. This is also applicable when sealing techniques that do not require
adhesives are used.
14.1 Determine the coating
...
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