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ASTM F1915-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Glazing for Detention Facilities

Standard Test Methods for Glazing for Detention Facilities

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods, including a fire test response method, cover the apparatus, procedures, and acceptance conditions for evaluating the normal operational performance and the performance characteristics under assault conditions of detention glazing used in window and door assemblies in detention and correctional facilities; thus, these test methods only give an indication of the performance characteristics of detention glazing in actual service. Such variables as installation and maintenance conditions are not considered except as otherwise included in this test method.
1.2 It is the intent of these test methods to help ensure that detention glazing performs at or above minimum acceptable levels to restrict inmate passage to unauthorized areas, to confine inmates, to delay and frustrate escape attempts and to resist vandalism.
1.3 Tools defined in these test methods are representative of similar tools or materials, which may become available to inmates within the secure perimeter of detention and correctional facilities, and which could be used to inflict similar product damage.
1.4 These test methods should not be used to establish or confirm the absolute prevention of forced entries or exits. These test methods define five factors (tool, temperature, techniques, time, and number of impacts) used to determine resistance to defined attacks.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values in stated parentheses are for information only.
1.6 In these test methods, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from these test methods to predict changes in the physical attack, or fire-test-response characteristics measured, or both; therefore, the results are valid only for the physical attack, or fire-test-exposure conditions, or both, described in these test methods.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-2003
ICS
91.060.50 - Doors and windows
Technical Committee
F33 - Detention and Correctional Facilities
Drafting Committee
F33.02 - Physical Barriers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1915-98 - Standard Test Methods for Glazing for Detention Facilities
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Replaced By
ASTM F1915-05 - Standard Test Methods for Glazing for Detention Facilities
Effective Date
01-Feb-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1349-17 - Standard Specification for Architectural Flat Glass Clad Polycarbonate
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM F1450-12a(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Hollow Metal Swinging Door Assemblies for Detention and Correctional Facilities
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM F2322-12(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Physical Assault on Vertical Fixed Barriers for Detention and Correctional Facilities
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM C1172-19 - Standard Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat Glass
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM F1643-05(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Detention Sliding Door Locking Device Assembly
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM F1592-12(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Detention Hollow Metal Vision Systems
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM F2697-15 - Standard Test Methods for Physical Assault on Overhead Horizontal Fixed Barriers for Detention and Correctional Facilities
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM F3038-21 - Standard Test Method for Timed Evaluation of Forced-Entry-Resistant Systems
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM F1577-05(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Detention Locks for Swinging Doors
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM F3561-23 - Standard Test Method for Forced-Entry-Resistance of Fenestration Systems After Simulated Active Shooter Attack
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM F2956-22 - Standard Test Methods for Anchor Systems Used for Detention Hollow Metal Systems
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM F1758-05(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Detention Hinges Used on Detention-Grade Swinging Doors
Effective Date
10-May-2003

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ASTM F1915-03 - Standard Test Methods for Glazing for Detention Facilities
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F1915–03
Standard Test Methods for
1
Glazing for Detention Facilities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1915; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods, including a fire test response
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
method, cover the apparatus, procedures, and acceptance
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
conditions for evaluating the normal operational performance
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and the performance characteristics under assault conditions of
detention glazing used in window and door assemblies in
2. Referenced Documents
detention and correctional facilities; thus, these test methods
2.1 ASTM Standards:
only give an indication of the performance characteristics of
F 1233 Test Method for Security Glazing Materials and
detention glazing in actual service. Such variables as installa-
2
Systems
tion and maintenance conditions are not considered except as
F 1450 Test Methods for Hollow Metal Swinging Door
otherwise included in this test method.
2
Assemblies for Detention Facilities
1.2 It is the intent of these test methods to help ensure that
2.2 UL Standard:
detention glazing performs at or above minimum acceptable
3
UL 752 Bullet Resisting Equipment
levels to restrict inmate passage to unauthorized areas, to
2.3 NIJ Standard:
confine inmates, to delay and frustrate escape attempts and to
4
NIJ 0108.1 Ballistic Resistant Protective Materials
resist vandalism.
1.3 Tools defined in these test methods are representative of
3. Terminology
similar tools or materials, which may become available to
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
inmates within the secure perimeter of detention and correc-
3.1.1 benchmark, n—an endpoint or intermediate point in
tional facilities, and which could be used to inflict similar
the test sequence as determined by the certification agency.
product damage.
3.1.2 detention security, n—assurance of the restriction of
1.4 These test methods should not be used to establish or
mobility of inmates to designated areas within a correctional or
confirm the absolute prevention of forced entries or exits.
detention facility.
These test methods define five factors (tool, temperature,
3.1.3 forcible egress, n—the ability to passa5by8by 8-in.
techniques, time, and number of impacts) used to determine
(127 by 203.2 by 203.2-mm) rigid box through an opening in
resistance to defined attacks.
the test sample created by destructive testing procedures with
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
no more than 10 lb (44.48 N) of force.
as the standard. The SI values in stated parentheses are for
3.1.4 frame, n—an assembly of members surrounding and
information only.
supporting a window or windows.
1.6 Inthesetestmethods,thespecimensaresubjectedtoone
3.1.5 glazing, n—any infill material, usually transparent or
or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different
translucent glass, polycarbonate, or combination thereof, used
test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are
in a security detention frame.
changed,itisnotalwayspossiblebyorfromthesetestmethods
3.1.6 glazing stop, n—aformedmetalsectionusedtosecure
to predict changes in the physical attack, or fire-test-response
glazing or panel in a frame.
characteristics measured, or both; therefore, the results are
3.1.7 head or header, n—the horizontal member that forms
valid only for the physical attack, or fire-test-exposure condi-
the top of a frame.
tions, or both, described in these test methods.
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F33 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.08.
3
Detention and Correctional Facilities and are the direct responsibility of Subcom- Available from Underwriters Laboratories, 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL
mittee F33.02 on Physical Barriers. 60062-2096.
4
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally Available from National Institute of Justice, 810 Seventh St., NW, Washington,
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F 1915–98. DC 20531.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1915–03
3.1.8 hollow metal, n—a term used in reference to such provide three test samples of each product, one for
...

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ASTM F1450-12a(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Hollow Metal Swinging Door Assemblies for Detention and Correctional Facilities

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A major concern for prison administrative officials is security barriers used in detention/correctional facilities. These test methods are designed to aid in identifying levels of physical security for swinging detention hollow metal door assemblies.  
4.2 The construction and size of test doors and all hardware components are representative of the application under investigation, and are the same construction and size throughout all of the tests.  
4.3 These test methods are not intended to provide a measure of resistance for a door assembly subjected to attack by corrosive agents, by high-powered rifles, explosives, sawing, or other such methods. These test methods are intended to evaluate the resistance of a door assembly to violent attacks using battering devices, such as benches, bunks, or tables; by handguns up to and including .44 magnum, UL-752 Level 3; by prying devices; by devices used to deform the door and render it inoperable; and by fires started by using mattresses, books, and other flammable materials.  
4.4 The primary purpose or result of these test methods is to approximate the levels of abuse to which door assemblies are potentially subjected in the field. The desired result of its use is to help provide insurance of protection to the public, to facility administrative personnel, and to the inmates themselves.  
4.5 It is recommended that detention/correctional facility administration provide adequate training, supervision, and preventative maintenance programs to enable door assemblies to function as intended throughout the expected service life.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover requirements for mechanical tests, simulated service test, and testing equipment for determining the performance characteristics of swinging detention hollow metal door assemblies of various styles and types of construction for use in wall openings designed to incarcerate inmates in detention/correctional institutions.  
1.2 These test methods test the capability of a swinging door assembly to prevent, delay, and frustrate escape, to limit or control access to unauthorized or secure areas, and to resist common types of vandalism.  
1.3 These test methods apply primarily to detention door assemblies to and from secure areas generally found inside detention/correctional facilities, such as: day rooms, control rooms, cells, and sally ports.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Methods for Glazing for Detention Facilities

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The predictable and reliable performance of detention glazing used in detention and correctional facilities is a major concern. These test methods aid in assigning a level of physical security to glazing used in window and door assemblies based upon objective tests which can be consistently duplicated.  
4.2 These test methods identify four security grades, corresponding to the four security grades established in Test Methods F1450. The intent is to establish a comparable level of performance for opening assemblies which incorporate detention glazing in conjunction with window and door assemblies. Test methods for detention glazing differ in sequencing a variety of attack tools and temperatures.  
4.3 These test methods evaluate the resistance of detention glazing to attacks using blunt and sharp impact devices and fire. These test methods evaluate the performance of glazing in hot and cold environments. These test methods do not provide a measure of the resistance or performance of glazing subjected to attack by ballistics, chemical agents, explosives or other extreme methods of attack. Where such elements are a factor, consult the manufacturer.  
4.4 The primary purpose of these test methods is to approximate the levels of abuse and operating conditions to which detention glazing is subjected in detention and correctional institutions. The desired result of these test methods is to provide a measure of assurance of protection to the correctional personnel, public, and inmates.  
4.5 Detention and correctional facility administrative staff are encouraged to provide adequate training, supervision, and preventative maintenance programs to enable detention glazing assemblies to function as intended.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods, including a fire test response method, cover the apparatus, procedures, and acceptance conditions for evaluating the normal operational performance and the performance characteristics under assault conditions of detention glazing used in window and door assemblies in detention and correctional facilities; thus, these test methods only give an indication of the performance characteristics of detention glazing in actual service. Such variables as installation and maintenance conditions are not considered except as otherwise included in this test method.  
1.2 It is the intent of these test methods to help ensure that detention glazing performs at or above minimum acceptable levels to restrict inmate passage to unauthorized areas, to confine inmates, to delay and frustrate escape attempts and to resist vandalism.  
1.3 Tools defined in these test methods are representative of similar tools or materials, which may become available to inmates within the secure perimeter of detention and correctional facilities, and which could be used to inflict similar product damage.  
1.4 These test methods should not be used to establish or confirm the absolute prevention of forced entries or exits. These test methods define five factors (tool, temperature, techniques, time, and number of impacts) used to determine resistance to defined attacks.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values in stated parentheses are for information only.  
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Standard Test Methods for Detention Hinges Used on Detention-Grade Swinging Doors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A major concern for detention and correctional administrative officials is the reliable operation of hinges used in their facilities. These test methods aid in assigning a level of physical security and performance to hinges for swinging door assemblies.  
4.2 These test methods evaluate the effect on hinges of battering attacks on the door simulating assault conditions as well. These test methods also evaluate the performance of a hinge under simulated normal operation. These test methods do not provide a measure of the resistance or performance of a hinge to attack by the following: chemical agents, ballistics, explosives, or other extreme methods of attack, such as direct impact or manipulation on the hinges or to environmental elements such as rain, snow, or wind-carried dust or sand. Where such elements are a potential factor, consult the manufacturer.  
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SCOPE
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1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 Consult NFPA 80 for Fire Doors & Windows concerning hinge requirements on fire doors.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Specification for Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective Systems Impacted by Windborne Debris in Hurricanes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers exterior windows, glazed curtain walls, doors and impact protective systems used in buildings located in geographic regions that are prone to hurricanes. The test specimens shall be Fenestration assemblies, and impact protective systems; which shall be tested using the large missile test, and small missile test. The air pressure cycling, missiles, and impact location are also detailed.
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1.1 This specification covers exterior windows, glazed curtain walls, doors, and impact protective systems used in buildings located in geographic regions that are prone to hurricanes.  
1.1.1 Exception—Exterior garage doors and rolling doors are governed by ANSI/DASMA 115 and are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.2 This specification provides the information required to conduct Test Method E1886.  
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1.4 This specification provides a uniform set of guidelines based upon currently available information and research.2 As new information and research becomes available it will be considered.  
1.5 All values are stated in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are for information only. Where certain values contained in reference documents cited and quoted herein are stated in inch-pound units, they must be converted by the user.  
1.6 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM E2264-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Effects of Temperature Cycling on Fenestration Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fenestration products, when exposed to differential temperatures (constant higher or lower temperatures on the exterior and room temperature on the interior), or temperature cycling (relatively constant room temperature on the interior and repeated cycling of higher and lower temperatures on the exterior), will have stresses induced on components that may cause failure or changes in overall system performance. Some of these changes may be temporary, with their effects on system performance lasting only during the cyclical temperature exposure. Other changes may be more permanent because of the failure of critical components or irreversible changes in those critical components that control overall system performance.  
5.2 In this practice, a procedure is provided for evaluating the effects of exposure to temperature cycling at standardized conditions on fenestration products. It is useful for product evaluation and development. Interrelationships between window components can be studied under laboratory conditions simulating in-service temperature extremes.  
5.3 Laboratory approximation of in-service temperature cycling and temperature extremes is a useful tool for the fenestration designer. These conditions help in evaluating designs and components for absolute and relative interactions on overall performance when these products are installed and functioning in residential and commercial buildings.  
5.4 This practice is limited to temperature exposure and temperature cycling only. Temperature is only one of many environmental factors that affect field performance of fenestration products. Products made with different materials or construction methods may show specific sensitivity to different environmental factors, such as humidity, ultraviolet radiation, or airborne chemicals.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the testing of any fenestration products that are installed with the exterior surface exposed to weathering conditions. It is intended to measure the response of the fenestration product to temperature cycles with the temperature changes being induced by controlling the air temperature on the exterior (weather side) or by exposing the product to infrared radiation, or both. When tested using this practice, fenestration products are exposed to standard cycles of elevated and depressed ambient air and surface temperatures. Test methods are specified for evaluating changes in performance that may occur as a result of temperature cycling. With this practice, seasonal and diurnal temperature conditions are simulated in a controlled laboratory apparatus.  
1.2 In this practice, two test methods, Test Method A and Test Method B, are described for exposing the exterior surface of fenestration products to the elevated portion of a standardized temperature cycle. The purpose for providing two test methods of exposure is to address two distinct needs of the fenestration industry.  
1.2.1 Test Method A uses infrared radiation to increase the surface temperature of the fenestration product and uses a black panel temperature sensor placed in front of the specimen's exterior surface to sense the temperature. The surface temperature of the black panel temperature sensor is raised to a preset level above the exterior ambient air temperature. This provides a more realistic test for temperature exposure based on atmospheric solar radiation and its effect on the temperature increase of exterior building materials. This method should be used when the number of cycles can be large and the outcome is critical for field correlation. Test Method A is intended for comparative product evaluations.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test requirements specified herein have been established for use in evaluating the forced-entry resistance characteristics of assemblies to be used in commercial, residential, schools, government, and other institutional installations where the risk of a single person active shooter attack is present.  
5.2 The procedures of this test method are intended to evaluate the ability to create an opening of sufficient size to permit passage of a test shape through it.  
5.3 The procedure presented herein is based on post-event examination and are not intended to be used to establish or confirm the absolute prevention of forced entries.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method sets forth the requirements and testing procedures to test forced-entry-resistant building components, construction components, and specialty security equipment. This test method is intended primarily for manufacturers to test and rate their windows, doors, modular panels, glazings, and similar products to ensure that all manufactured products meet the necessary requirements for forced-entry protection after sustaining an active shooter assault.  
1.2 This test method is currently designed to simulate an active shooter weakening the system with repetitive shots followed by mechanically driven impact to simulate forced entry.  
1.3 This test method is not to be used for ballistic resistant glazing rating. Test projectiles are permitted to perforate the entire specimen. The test projectile firings are intended to simulate actions taken by an assailant to aid in the ability to gain entry to a facility.  
1.4 This is a laboratory test to be performed on full systems and therefore not applicable for field testing.  
1.5 All tests are executed on the exterior surface of the fenestration.  
1.6 Systems are required to be tested as complete units in a test frame or fielded conditions. Mulled systems must be tested in the mulled condition. Test results only apply to the component or system as tested. Once a system is tested and deemed to satisfy the requirements of this test method, no design change can be made without a retest except those that qualify under Annex A1 Substitution Criteria.  
1.7 Components (such as glazing, door leaves, etc.) may be tested in accordance with Appendix X1, receiving a capability statement for the component, but not a system rating per this standard.  
1.8 Window and door systems shall be rated to at least a minimum level of Test Methods F476, F588, or F842, or combinations thereof, as appropriate prior to commencing this test evaluation. This test does not dual certify to the above mentioned standards.  
1.9 The values stated in this standard are SI units with the exception of the nominal descriptors for tools.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F842-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Sliding Door Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to establish a measure of resistance for sliding door assemblies subjected to attacks (other than impacting glazing materials) by unskilled or opportunistic burglars. Resistance to higher levels of force generated by skilled burglary attack requires methods, such as alarms, communication, or apprehension systems, or special security glazing materials more sophisticated than those evaluated by these test methods. Technicians performing the test should understand the intent of this test method and should be trained on the execution and pass/fail criteria.  
5.2 Entry through a sliding door assembly can be accomplished by impacting or removing glazing materials. This method does not evaluate glazing materials for breakage or de-glazing. Other standards must be used to evaluate forced entry by impacting or removing glazing.  
5.3 Acceptance criteria for performance levels are a matter for authorities having specific jurisdiction to establish. Suggested guidelines are found in Annex A1.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the ability of sliding door assemblies to restrain, delay, or frustrate forced entry.  
1.2 For purposes of these test methods, sliding door assemblies are defined as described in 1.2.1 – 1.2.4 and as shown in Fig. 1. Sliding door assemblies with a combination of operable panels and fixed panels (lites) shall be classified and tested separately for each type.
FIG. 1 Typical Horizontal Sliding Door Assembly Types (viewed from the exterior)  
1.2.1 Type A—A sliding door assembly which incorporates one or more sliding panels that lock to the jamb.  
1.2.2 Type B—A sliding door assembly which incorporates one or more sliding panels that lock to an intermediate jamb.  
1.2.3 Type C—A sliding door assembly which incorporates one or more sliding panels that abut and lock to other panels.  
1.2.4 Type D—A sliding door assembly which incorporates one or more fixed or stationary panels that are designed not to open.
Note 1: See Fig. 1 for graphic depiction of sliding door assembly types.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F588-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Forced Entry Resistance of Window Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are intended to establish a measure of resistance for window assemblies subjected to attacks (other than impacting glazing materials) by unskilled or opportunistic burglars. Resistance to higher levels of force generated by skilled burglary attack requires methods such as alarms, communication, or apprehension systems, or special security glazing materials more sophisticated than those evaluated by these test methods. Technicians performing the test should understand the intent of this test method and should be trained on the execution and pass/fail criteria.  
5.2 Entry through a window assembly can be accomplished by impacting the glazing materials. This method does not evaluate glazing materials for breakage. Other standards must be used to evaluate forced entry by impacting the glazing.  
5.3 Acceptance criteria for performance levels are a matter for authorities having specific jurisdiction to establish. Suggested guidelines are found in Annex A1.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the ability of window assemblies of various types to restrain, delay, or frustrate forced entry.  
1.2 For purposes of these test methods, window assemblies are defined as described in 1.2.1 – 1.2.5 and as shown in Fig. 1. Window assemblies with a combination of operable sash and fixed panes (lites) shall be classified and tested separately for each type.
FIG. 1 Typical Window Types (viewed from the exterior)  
1.2.1 Type A—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that open by sliding, either vertically or horizontally within the plane of the wall.  
1.2.2 Type B—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that are hinged at or near two corners of the sash and that open toward the exterior (outswinging) or toward the interior (inswinging).  
1.2.3 Type C—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that are pivoted so that part of the sash opens toward the interior and part of it opens toward the exterior.  
1.2.4 Type D—A window assembly which incorporates one or more fixed panes (lites) or stationary sash that are designed not to open.  
1.2.5 Type E—A window assembly which incorporates a series of overlapping horizontal louvers that are pivoted simultaneously by a common actuator so that the bottom edge of each louver swings outward and the top edge swings inward during operation.
Note 1: See Fig. 1 for graphic depiction of window assembly types.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2112-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice recognizes that the effective performance of installed fenestration products is dependent in part upon following proper installation procedures and appropriate workmanship.  
4.2 This practice recognizes that the coordination of trades and proper sequencing are essential for effective fenestration installation. The general contractor shall be responsible for the necessary coordination of trades and proper construction sequencing of the installed fenestration product.  
4.3 Improper installation of units contributes to excessive air, water and sound leakage, and condensation. It may promote the deterioration of wall constructions, insulation, fenestration products, and their respective finishes.  
4.4 This practice presumes a working knowledge of applicable federal, state, and local codes and regulations, specifically, but not limited to required means of egress, requirements for safety glazing materials, and structural requirements of applicable codes.  
4.5 This practice presumes a working knowledge of the tools, equipment, and methods necessary for the installation of specified fenestration products. It further assumes familiarity with flashing and sealing, glazing procedures, finishes where applicable, and an understanding of the fundamentals of construction that affect the installation of these units.  
4.6 This practice presumes that the products that have been furnished for the installation and their locations within the structure comply with all the applicable building codes and regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the installation of fenestration products in new and existing construction. For the purpose of this practice, fenestration products shall be limited to windows, sliding patio-type doors, swinging patio type doors, and skylights, as used primarily in residential and light commercial buildings.  
1.2 This practice assumes that the installer possesses basic woodworking skills and an understanding of wall and roof construction, sheet metal work, and joint sealant practices.  
1.3 This practice attempts to instruct and familiarize the installer with the concepts of both Barrier Systems and Membrane/Drainage Systems, in order to ensure the continuity of the building envelope. This practice attempts to educate the installer, builder, architect, and other users in the identification and understanding of the water shedding system of the building envelope.  
1.4 This practice covers the installation process from pre-installation procedures through post-installation procedures, for single units or factory-mulled multiple units in a single opening. It does not cover the fabrication or assembly of multiple units, whether such fabrication takes place in a factory or at the intended installation site. The installer should check with the manufacturer of factory-assembled units for instructions for anchoring. When using field-mulled units, follow manufacturer's recommendations and make certain that they meet applicable codes. This practice does not cover the selection of appropriate fenestration products for a given application, nor the selection of other products or systems for use in the installation.  
1.5 This practice provides minimum requirements that will help to accomplish the installation of fenestration products in an effective manner. Actual conditions in buildings vary greatly and, in some cases, substantial additional precautions may be required. In the event that the manufacturer's installation instructions provided with the product conflict with requirements of this practice, the manufacturer's instructions shall prevail. This practice is not intended to limit or exclude other new procedures that may refine or further improve the effectiveness of fenestration installation.  
1.5.1 This practice is intended to be used for background information in order to develop training manuals and training programs. Further, this practice attempts to cons...

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ASTM
ASTM E2268-04(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, and Doors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration during rapid cyclic pulses of dynamic air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.  
5.2 The median test pressure used in this test method is defined as the specified test pressure supplied by the user and related to the maximum positive building design pressure. This test method departs from the format of other ASTM water penetration resistance test methods based on a maximum test pressure related to a maximum positive building design pressure.  
5.3 As the specified or median test pressure is increased, the maximum test pressure in this procedure is also increased to 1.5 times the specification median test pressure. This higher maximum test pressure may not be representative of actual building service conditions. For this reason the maximum recommended median test pressure is 480 Pa (10 psf), which corresponds to a maximum test pressure of 720 Pa (15 psf).  
5.4 The pulsed pressure of this test method may act to pump water past dry seals and breather systems of units incorporating these features, thereby making the test method more severe than a static pressure test method. On the other hand, the low pressure portions of the pressure cycles of this test method may allow weep systems and drainage dams to dissipate water from units incorporating these features, thereby making the test method less severe than a static pressure test method.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, (vibration, thermal expansion and ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a rapid pulsed air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to windows, skylights, or doors alone. Those interested in testing curtain walls to rapid pulsed air pressure differences should use AAMA 501.1-94.  
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.  
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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