ASTM D2684-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Permeability of Thermoplastic Containers to Packaged Reagents or Proprietary Products
Standard Test Method for Permeability of Thermoplastic Containers to Packaged Reagents or Proprietary Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
With the proper precautions and background experience, results can be useful for estimation of the loss of a packaged product through the walls of a container during shelf storage. The test is also useful for isolating the effects of a container design and materials, and is applicable for development and research and for specification purposes.
In the absence of adequate supporting data, extrapolations or correlations of results to conditions beyond those of the test are not recommended because of possible product alteration, solvency, or chemical effects on the plastic, etc.
Before proceeding with this test method, refer to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the permeability of thermoplastic containers to packaged reagents or proprietary products under specified conditions of exposure. The exposures used are intended to simulate the normal and elevated temperature-storage conditions that might be encountered in end-use application.
1.2 This test method is applicable only to those types of containers designed to allow positive, leakproof closure.
1.3 Two procedures are provided:
1.3.1 Procedure A is specific to testing only with a standard design container. This procedure provides for determinations of rate of weight loss (or gain) and for calculation of a permeability factor.
1.3.2 Procedure B applies to tests of all other container designs. Permeability data by this procedure are expressed only in terms of rate of weight loss (or gain) for the particular container tested.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2684 − 10
StandardTest Method for
Permeability of Thermoplastic Containers to Packaged
1
Reagents or Proprietary Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4976Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and
Extrusion Materials
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the
D1505Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
permeability of thermoplastic containers to packaged reagents
Gradient Technique
orproprietaryproductsunderspecifiedconditionsofexposure.
E145Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
The exposures used are intended to simulate the normal and
Ventilation Ovens
elevated temperature-storage conditions that might be encoun-
tered in end-use application.
3. Terminology
1.2 This test method is applicable only to those types of
3.1 Definitions:
containers designed to allow positive, leakproof closure.
3.1.1 permeability factor, P—the permeability of a given
t
1.3 Two procedures are provided:
plastic to a given product at temperature t, in degrees Celsius,
1.3.1 Procedure Ais specific to testing only with a standard 2
expressedinunitsofg·cm/day·m ,asdeterminedbyProcedure
design container. This procedure provides for determinations
A. The permeability factor under 23°C test conditions, for
of rate of weight loss (or gain) and for calculation of a
example, is signified by the notation P .
23
permeability factor.
3.1.2 Determination of P is based on an averaged wall
t
1.3.2 Procedure B applies to tests of all other container
thickness over the entire area of the container and an assump-
designs.Permeabilitydatabythisprocedureareexpressedonly
tion that permeation rate is inversely proportional to the
in terms of rate of weight loss (or gain) for the particular
thickness. Precaution in the extent of allowable variations of
container tested.
these factors is recommended, and the user of P needs to
t
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
recognize that wall thickness of the containers varies, that the
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
estimate of average thickness from density, area, and weight is
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
not exact, and that permeability of the product through the
tion only and are not considered standard.
plastic material is, generally, not directly proportional to the
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard. thickness.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Test bottles are filled with the test product and, after
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sealing, are exposed at 23°C (73.4°F) and 50°C (122°F)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
conditions for 28 days or longer. Measurements of weight are
made at intervals to determine the average rate of weight
2. Referenced Documents
change.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Withtheproperprecautionsandbackgroundexperience,
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
results can be useful for estimation of the loss of a packaged
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and
Molded Products.
product through the walls of a container during shelf storage.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally
The test is also useful for isolating the effects of a container
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2684-95(2005).
design and materials, and is applicable for development and
DOI: 10.1520/D2684-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or research and for specification purposes.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2 In the absence of adequate supporting data, extrapola-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tionsorcorrelationsofresultstoconditionsbeyondthoseofthe
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2684 − 10
test are not recommended because of possible product
alteration, solvency, or chemical effects on the plasti
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2684–95 (Reapproved 2005) Designation:D2684–10
Standard Test Method for
Permeability of Thermoplastic Containers to Packaged
1
Reagents or Proprietary Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the permeability of thermoplastic containers to packaged reagents or
proprietary products under specified conditions of exposure.The exposures used are intended to simulate the normal and elevated
temperature-storage conditions that might be encountered in end-use application.
1.2 This test method is applicable only to those types of containers designed to allow positive, leakproof closure.
1.3 Two procedures are provided:
1.3.1 Procedure A is specific to testing only with a standard design container. This procedure provides for determinations of
rate of weight loss (or gain) and for calculation of a permeability factor.
1.3.2 Procedure B appliestotestsofallothercontainerdesigns.Permeabilitydatabythisprocedureareexpressedonlyinterms
of rate of weight loss (or gain) for the particular container tested.
1.4The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 permeability factor, P —the permeability of a given plastic to a given product at temperature t, in degrees Celsius,
t
2
expressedinunitsofg·cm/day·m ,asdeterminedbyProcedureA.Thepermeabilityfactorunder23°Ctestconditions,forexample,
is signified by the notation P .
23
3.1.2 Determination of P is based on an averaged wall thickness over the entire area of the container and an assumption that
t
permeation rate is inversely proportional to the thickness. Precaution in the extent of allowable variations of these factors is
recommended,andtheuserof P shouldtakeintoconsiderationneedstorecognizethatwallthicknessofthecontainersvaries,that
t
the estimate of average thickness from density, area, and weight is not exact, and that permeability of the product through the
plastic material may not beis, generally, not directly proportional to the thickness.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting.
Current edition approved July 15, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D2684-95 (2001). DOI:
10.1520/D2684-95R05.on Molded and Extruded Products.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2684-95(2005). DOI:
10.1520/D2684-10.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2684–10
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Test bottles are filled with the test product and, after sealing, are exposed at 23°C (73.4°F) and 50°C (122°F) conditions for
28 days or longer. Measurements of weight are made at intervals to determine the average rate of weight change.
5. Significance and Us
...
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