ASTM D7098-21

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Lubricants by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was originally developed to evaluate oxidation stability of lubricating base oils combined with additives chemistries similar to those found in gasoline engine oils and service.2  
5.2 This test method is useful for screening formulated oils before engine tests. Within similar additive chemistries and base oil types, the ranking of oils in this test appears to be predictive of ranking in certain engine tests. When oils having different additive chemistries or base oil type are compared, results may or may not reflect results in engine tests. Only gasoline engine oils were used in generating the precision statements in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the oxidation stability of lubricants by thin-film oxygen uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B. This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of petroleum products, and it was originally developed as a screening test to indicate whether a given re-refined base stock could be formulated for use as automotive engine oil3 (see Test Method D4742). The test is run at 160 °C in a pressure vessel under oxygen pressure, and the sample contains a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and water to partially simulate oil conditions in an operating engine. In addition, the test method has since been found broadly useful as an oxidation test of petroleum products.4  
1.2 The applicable range of the induction time is from a few minutes up to several hundred minutes or more. However, the range of induction times used for developing the precision statements in this test method was from 40 min to 280 min.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—Pressure units are provided in psig, and dimensions are provided in inches in Annex A1 and Annex A2, because these are the industry accepted standard and the apparatus is built according to the figures shown.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2021
• ICS: 75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.09.0G - Oxidation Testing of Engine Oils

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E144-14(2020) - Standard Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen Combustion Vessels
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7098 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Lubricants by Thin-Film Oxygen
1,2
Uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7098; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers the oxidation stability of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
lubricants by thin-film oxygen uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of petroleum
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
products, and it was originally developed as a screening test to
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
indicate whether a given re-refined base stock could be
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3
formulated for use as automotive engine oil (see Test Method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D4742). The test is run at 160 °C in a pressure vessel under
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
oxygen pressure, and the sample contains a metal catalyst
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
package, a fuel catalyst, and water to partially simulate oil
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
conditions in an operating engine. In addition, the test method
has since been found broadly useful as an oxidation test of
2. Referenced Documents
4
petroleum products.
5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 The applicable range of the induction time is from a few
A314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for
minutes up to several hundred minutes or more. However, the
Forging
range of induction times used for developing the precision
B211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
statements in this test method was from 40 min to 280 min.
Rolled or Cold-Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire (Metric)
B0211_B0211M
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
by Potentiometric Titration
standard.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.3.1 Exception—Pressure units are provided in psig, and
D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-
dimensionsareprovidedininchesinAnnexA1andAnnexA2,
bine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
because these are the industry accepted standard and the
D4742 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline
apparatus is built according to the figures shown.
Automotive Engine Oils by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake
(TFOUT)
D7962 Practice for Determination of Minimum Immersion
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Depth and Assessment of Temperature Sensor Measure-
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
ment Drift
Subcommittee D02.09.0G on Oxidation Testing of Engine Oils.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally
D8164 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers for Petro-
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7098 – 08 (2015).
leum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricant Testing
DOI: 10.1520/D7098-21.
2 D8278 Specification for Digital Contact Thermometers for
While Catalyst B can be used for testing oxidation stability of many lubricant
types, the mixture of fuel, nitro-paraffin, and catalyst components used in this test
Test Methods Measuring Flow Properties of Fuels and
method simulates the Sequence IIIE Engine Test. Test results on several ASTM
Lubricants
reference oils have been found to correlate with Sequence IIIE engine tests in hours
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
for a 375 % viscosity increase. (See Ku, Chia-Soon, Pei, Patrick T., and Hsu,
E144 Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen Combustion Vessels
Stephen M., “A Modified Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake Test (TFOUT) for the
Evaluation of Lubricant Stability in ASTM Sequence IIIE Test, SAE Technical
Paper Series 902121, Tulsa, OK, Oct. 22-25, 1990.)
3
Ku, C. S. and Hsu, S. M., “A Thin Film Uptake Test for the Evaluation of
5
Automotive Lubricants,” Lubrication Engineering, 40, 2, 1984, pp. 75–83. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
Selby, Theodore W., “Oxidation Studies with a Modi
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7098 − 08 (Reapproved 2015) D7098 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Lubricants by Thin-Film Oxygen
1,2
Uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7098; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the oxidation stability of lubricants by thin-film oxygen uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B. This test method
evaluates the oxidation stability of petroleum products, and it was originally developed as a screening test to indicate whether a
3
given re-refined base stock could be formulated for use as automotive engine oil (see Test Method D4742). The test is run at
160 °C in a pressure vessel under oxygen pressure, and the sample contains a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and water
to partially simulate oil conditions in an operating engine. In addition, the test method has since been found broadly useful as an
4
oxidation test of petroleum products.
1.2 The applicable range of the induction time is from a few minutes up to several hundred minutes or more. However, the range
of induction times used for developing the precision statements in this test method was from 40 min to 280 min.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Pressure units are provided in psig, and dimensions are provided in inches in Annex A1 and Annex A2, because
these are the industry accepted standard and the apparatus is built according to the figures shown.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A314 Specification for Stainless Steel Billets and Bars for Forging
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.09.0G on Oxidation Testing of Engine Oils.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2021. Published December 2015November 2021. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20082015
ε1
as D7098 – 08 (2015). . DOI: 10.1520/D7098-08R15.10.1520/D7098-21.
2
While Catalyst B can be used for testing oxidation stability of many lubricant types, the mixture of fuel, nitro-paraffin, and catalyst components used in this test method
simulates the Sequence IIIE Engine Test. Test results on several ASTM reference oils have been found to correlate with Sequence IIIE engine tests in hours for a 375 %
viscosity increase. (See Ku, Chia-Soon, Pei, Patrick T., and Hsu, Stephen M., “A Modified Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake Test (TFOUT) for the Evaluation of Lubricant Stability
in ASTM Sequence IIIE Test, SAE Technical Paper Series 902121, Tulsa, OK, Oct. 22-25, 1990.)
3
Ku, C. S. and Hsu, S. M., “A Thin Film Uptake Test for the Evaluation of Automotive Lubricants,” Lubrication Engineering, 40, 2, 1984, pp. 75–83.
4
Selby, Theodore W., “Oxidation Studies with a Modified Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake Test”, SAE Technical Paper Series 872127, Toronto, Ontario, Nov. 2-5, 1987.
5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D7098 − 21
FIG. 1 Pressure versus Time Diagram of the Oxidation Test
B211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rolled or Cold-Finished Bar, Rod,
...