ASTM D5878-08
(Guide)Standard Guides for Using Rock-Mass Classification Systems for Engineering Purposes (Withdrawn 2017)
Standard Guides for Using Rock-Mass Classification Systems for Engineering Purposes (Withdrawn 2017)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The classification systems included in this standard and their respective applications are as follows:
Rock Mass Rating System (RMR) or Geomechanics Classification—This system has been applied to tunneling, hard-rock mining, coal mining, stability of rock slopes, rock foundations, borability, rippability, dredgability, weatherability, and rock bolting.
Rock Structure Rating System (RSR)—This system has been used in tunnel support and excavation and in other ground support work in mining and construction.
The Q System or Norwegian Geotechnical Institute System (NGI)—This system has been applied to work on tunnels and chambers, rippability, excavatability, hydraulic erodibility, and seismic stability of roof-rock.
The Unified Rock Classification System (URCS)—This system has been applied to work on foundations, methods of excavation, slope stability, uses of earth materials, blasting characteristics of earth materials, and transmission of groundwater.
The Rock Material Field Classification System (RMFCS)—This system has been used mainly for applications involving shallow excavation, particularly with regard to hydraulic erodibility in earth spillways, excavatability, construction quality of rock, fluid transmission, and rock-mass stability (11).
The New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM)—This system is used for both conventional (cyclical, such as drill-and-blast) and continuous (tunnel-boring machine or TBM) tunneling. This is a tunneling procedure in which design is extended into the construction phase by continued monitoring of rock displacement. Support requirements are revised to achieve stability (6).
Note 2—The Austrian code (7) specifies methods of payment based on coding of excavation volume and means of support.
The Coal Mine Roof Rating (CMRR)—This system applies to bedded coal-measure rocks, in particular with regard to their structural competence as influenced by discontinuities in the rock mass. The basic building blocks of CMRR are unit r...
SCOPE
1.1 These guides offer the selection of a suitable system of classification of rock mass for specific engineering purposes, such as tunneling and shaft-sinking, excavation of rock chambers, ground support, modification and stabilization of rock slopes, and preparation of foundations and abutments. These classification systems may also be of use in work on rippability of rock, quality of construction materials, and erosion resistance. Although widely used classification systems are treated in this standard, systems not included here may be more appropriate in some situations, and may be added to subsequent editions of this standard.
1.2 The valid, effective use of this standard is contingent upon the prior complete definition of the engineering purposes to be served and on the complete and competent definition of the geology and hydrology of the engineering site. Further, the person or persons using this standard must have had field experience in studying rock-mass behavior. An appropriate reference for geological mapping in the underground is provided by Guide D4879.
1.3 This standard identifies the essential characteristics of seven classification systems. It does not include detailed guidance for application to all engineering purposes for which a particular system might be validly used. Detailed descriptions of the first five systems are presented in STP 984 (1), with abundant references to source literature. Details of two other classification systems and a listing of seven Japanese systems are also presented.
1.4 The range of applications of each of the systems has grown since its inception. This standard summarizes the major fields of application up to this time of each of the seven classification systems.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pounds units that are provided for information only and are not c...
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Designation:D5878 −08
Standard Guides for
Using Rock-Mass Classification Systems for Engineering
1
Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5878; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* conversions to inch-pounds units that are provided for infor-
mation only and are not considered standard.
1.1 These guides offer the selection of a suitable system of
classification of rock mass for specific engineering purposes,
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
such as tunneling and shaft-sinking, excavation of rock
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
chambers, ground support, modification and stabilization of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rock slopes, and preparation of foundations and abutments.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
These classification systems may also be of use in work on
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
rippability of rock, quality of construction materials, and
1.7 This standard offers an organized collection of informa-
erosionresistance.Althoughwidelyusedclassificationsystems
tion or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
are treated in this standard, systems not included here may be
course of action. This document cannot replace education ore
more appropriate in some situations, and may be added to
experienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithprofessional
subsequent editions of this standard.
judgement. Not all aspects of this standard may be applicable
in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to
1.2 The valid, effective use of this standard is contingent
represent or replace the standard of care by which the
upon the prior complete definition of the engineering purposes
adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor
to be served and on the complete and competent definition of
should this document be applied without consideration of a
the geology and hydrology of the engineering site. Further, the
project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
person or persons using this standard must have had field
title of this document means only that the document has been
experience in studying rock-mass behavior. An appropriate
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
reference for geological mapping in the underground is pro-
vided by Guide D4879.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 This standard identifies the essential characteristics of
3
seven classification systems. It does not include detailed
2.1 ASTM Standards:
guidance for application to all engineering purposes for which
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
aparticularsystemmightbevalidlyused.Detaileddescriptions
Fluids
2
of the first five systems are presented in STP 984 (1), with
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
abundant references to source literature. Details of two other
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
classification systems and a listing of seven Japanese systems
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
are also presented.
D4879 Guide for Geotechnical Mapping of Large Under-
ground Openings in Rock
1.4 The range of applications of each of the systems has
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
grown since its inception. This standard summarizes the major
Data
fields of application up to this time of each of the seven
D6032 Test Method for Determining Rock Quality Designa-
classification systems.
tion (RQD) of Rock Core
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D7012 Test Methods for Compressive Strength and Elastic
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under Varying
States of Stress and Temperatures
1
These guides are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
RockandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee D18.12onRockMechanics.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally
3
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5878 – 05. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D5878-08. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to a list of references at the Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
end of the text. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 5878–00
Standard Guide for Designation: D5878 – 08
Standard Guides for
Using Rock-Mass Classification Systems for Engineering
1
Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5878; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1This guide covers1.1 These guides offer the selection of a suitable system of classification of rock mass for specific
engineering purposes, such as tunneling and shaft-sinking, excavation of rock chambers, ground support, modification and
stabilization of rock slopes, and preparation of foundations and abutments.These classification systems may also be of use in work
on rippability of rock, quality of construction materials, and erosion resistance. Although widely used classification systems are
treated in this guide,standard, systems not included here may be more appropriate in some situations, and may be added to
subsequent editions of this standard.
1.2 The valid, effective use of this guidestandard is contingent upon the prior complete definition of the engineering purposes
tobeservedandonthecompleteandcompetentdefinitionofthegeologyandhydrologyoftheengineeringsite.Further,theperson
or persons using this guidestandard must have had field experience in studying rock-mass behavior. An appropriate reference for
geological mapping in the underground is provided by Guide D 4879D4879.
1.3 This guidestandard identifies the essential characteristics of seven classification systems. It does not include detailed
guidance for application to all engineering purposes for which a particular system might be validly used. Detailed descriptions of
2
thefirstfivesystemsarepresentedinSTP984(1), withabundantreferencestosourceliterature.Detailsoftwootherclassification
systems and a listing of seven Japanese systems are also presented.
1.4The range of applications of each of the systems has grown since its inception. This guide summarizes the major fields of
application up to this time of each of the seven classification systems.
1.5
1.4 The range of applications of each of the systems has grown since its inception. This standard summarizes the major fields
of application up to this time of each of the seven classification systems.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to inch-pounds units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.61.7 Thisguidestandardoffersanorganizedcollectionofinformationoraseriesofoptionsanddoesnotrecommendaspecific
course of action. This document cannot replace education ore experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
judgement. Not all aspects of this guidestandard may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to
represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document
means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1
This test method is These guides are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-18D18 on Soil and Rock and isare the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12
on Rock Mechanics.
ϵ1
Current edition approved April 10, 2000. Published June 2000. Originally published as D 5878–95. Last previous edition D 5878–95 .
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5878 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/D5878-08.
2
The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of the text.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D5878 – 08
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Term
...
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