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ASTM D6989-03(2013)

(Practice)

Standard Practices for Preparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink Resin Solutions

Standard Practices for Preparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink Resin Solutions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a means of preparing resin solutions by the “cold cut” method, modeling high-shear production dispersion techniques.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices describe laboratory procedures for preparing a solvent or water based ink resin solution in low boiling solvent or alkaline water using two types of lab equipment; (1) an industrial blender (Sections 3-7), and (2) a laboratory roller mill (Sections 8-12).Note 1—ASTM Subcommittee D01.37 recommends using the industrial blender where possible.  
1.2 These practices use laboratory equipment generally available in a normal, well-equipped laboratory.  
1.3 These procedures are for use with ink resins intended mainly for liquid (for example, flexographic and rotogravure) inks. The type of resins is typically, but not limited to, acrylic and styrene/acrylic copolymers, polyamides, polyesters, polyvinylbutyral, and maleated/fumarated rosin esters.  
1.4 The typical low boiling solvents to be used include ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, and n-propyl acetate. For water based ink resin solutions, water is used in combination with ammonium hydroxide or amines such as dimethylethanolamine, monoethanolamine, and triethylamine.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2013
ICS
87.080 - Inks. Printing inks
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.37 - Ink Vehicles
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6989-03(2008) - Standard Practices for Preparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink Resin Solutions
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Replaced By
ASTM D6989-03(2020) - Standard Practices for Preparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink Resin Solutions
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020

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ASTM D6989-03(2013) - Standard Practices for Preparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink Resin SolutionsASTM D6989-03(2013) - Standard Practices for Preparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink Resin Solutions
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ASTM D6989-03(2013) - Standard Practices for Preparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink Resin Solutions
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6989 − 03 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Practices for
Preparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink Resin
Solutions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6989; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.1.2 compatibility, n—the ability of two or more differing
substances to be mixed together without resultant kick-out or
1.1 These practices describe laboratory procedures for pre-
haziness.
paringasolventorwaterbasedinkresinsolutioninlowboiling
2.1.3 dissolution, n—the point at which all resin completely
solvent or alkaline water using two types of lab equipment; (1)
dissolves in the solvent.
an industrial blender (Sections 3-7), and (2) a laboratory roller
mill (Sections 8-12).
2.1.4 incompatibility, n—when a mixture of two or more
NOTE 1—ASTM Subcommittee D01.37 recommends using the indus-
differing substances results in precipitation, kick-out, or hazi-
trial blender where possible.
ness.
1.2 These practices use laboratory equipment generally
2.1.5 solution, n—resin and solvent form a clear,
available in a normal, well-equipped laboratory.
compatible, and homogeneous mixture.
1.3 These procedures are for use with ink resins intended
2.1.5.1 Discussion—Industrial practice may use the term
mainly for liquid (for example, flexographic and rotogravure)
“solution” loosely to describe what may actually be a clear
inks. The type of resins is typically, but not limited to, acrylic
“dispersion.” For the sake of simplification, the terms solution
and styrene/acrylic copolymers, polyamides, polyesters,
and dispersion have been used interchangeably in this practice.
polyvinylbutyral, and maleated/fumarated rosin esters.
BLENDER
1.4 The typical low boiling solvents to be used include
ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, ethyl acetate, isopropyl
3. Summary of Blender Practice
acetate, and n-propyl acetate. For water based ink resin
3.1 Place required amount of resin and solvent in a blender
solutions, water is used in combination with ammonium
jar.
hydroxide or amines such as dimethylethanolamine,
monoethanolamine, and triethylamine.
3.2 Mix the resin-solvent mixture at high speed in a blender
until heat is developed by the high shear and the resin is
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
dissolved into solution.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 3.3 The resulting resin solution can be used to measure
parameters such as viscosity and solubility or compatibility of
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a printing ink resin.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use of Blender Practice
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.1 This practice provides a means of preparing resin
solutions by the “cold cut” method, modeling high-shear
2. Terminology
production dispersion techniques.
2.1 Definitions:
5. Apparatus
2.1.1 cold cut, n—dispersion of resin into solvent using high
5.1 Balance or Scale, weighing to 60.1 g accuracy.
shear dispersion without external heating.
5.2 Blender, with one quart vessel and cover, 115 alternating
current volts (VAC), 60 Hz, 840 W (preferably explosion
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
proof).
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles. 5.3 Filter Media, (such as organdy cloth).
Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originally
5.4 Auxiliary Equipment, (that is, aluminum foil, paper
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6989 – 03 (2008).
DOI: 10.1520/D6989-03R13. towels, lab filter stand, etc.).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6989 − 03 (2013)
6. Sampling required for immediate use (that is, the material is weighed and
placed on the laboratory roller mill overnight for use the next
6.1 Solid resin should be flaked or crushed (typically to a
2 day).
size no larger than 6 mm .
10. Apparatus
6.2 The total mass of resin solids and solvent should be
approximately 800 g. The exact amount (separately) of resin
10.1 Balance or Scale, weighing to 60.1 g accuracy.
solids and solvent will vary depending on the target percent
10.2 Glass Jars, 1 pint or 1 quart size, with metal lids.
solids to be achieved.
10.3 Laboratory Roller Mill.
7. Procedure 10.4 Filter Media, (su
...

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5.1 The yield stress of a material is a measure of the amount of force required to initiate movement of that material in a pipe, through a pump, or from nozzle. The yield stress also characterizes the ability of the material to maintain particles in suspension. Along with viscosity measurements, yield stress measurements have been useful in establishing root causes of flow problems such as excessive orange peel and sagging and in explaining resistance to such problems. After a coating has been applied, flow and leveling tends to be inversely related to yield stress and sag resistance tends to be directly related to yield stress. The ability of an automotive basecoat to keep aluminum and/or mica flakes oriented has been related to yield stress (direct relationship).
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ASTM D6989-03(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practices for Preparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink Resin Solutions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a means of preparing resin solutions by the “cold cut” method, modeling high-shear production dispersion techniques.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices describe laboratory procedures for preparing a solvent or water based ink resin solution in low boiling solvent or alkaline water using two types of lab equipment; (1) an industrial blender (Sections 3 – 7), and (2) a laboratory roller mill (Sections 8 – 12).
Note 1: ASTM Subcommittee D01.37 recommends using the industrial blender where possible.  
1.2 These practices use laboratory equipment generally available in a normal, well-equipped laboratory.  
1.3 These procedures are for use with ink resins intended mainly for liquid (for example, flexographic and rotogravure) inks. The type of resins is typically, but not limited to, acrylic and styrene/acrylic copolymers, polyamides, polyesters, polyvinylbutyral, and maleated/fumarated rosin esters.  
1.4 The typical low boiling solvents to be used include ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, and n-propyl acetate. For water based ink resin solutions, water is used in combination with ammonium hydroxide or amines such as dimethylethanolamine, monoethanolamine, and triethylamine.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used as a manufacturing or laboratory process control tool by providing a visual comparison of the ability to resist solvent break-through against an established control. The test method is designed to indicate a potential problem caused by an undercured condition but does not identify what caused the condition.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the procedure for evaluating the relative cure of printed energy-cured (ultraviolet or electron beam) ink or coating by a mechanical solvent rub test using a motorized Crockmeter.  
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1.3 This test method applies to comparisons between energy-cured inks and coatings of the same chemistry and film weight and should not be used to compare different ink or coating chemistries or various applied film weights without first establishing process performance.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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