ASTM F2175-07(2015)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Portable and Permanent Emergency Escape Ladders for Residential Use
Standard Specification for Portable and Permanent Emergency Escape Ladders for Residential Use
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the recognized performance requirements and corresponding test procedures for portable and permanent emergency escape ladders for residential use. The ladder shall show evidence of good workmanship and meet the requirements specified for the following: vertical static load; horizontal static load; rung/step strength; rung/step/side support shear; deployment weight; deployment time; hook or attachment stability; rung/step size; rung/step release mechanism; heat deflection temperature; standoff; designed length; rung/step spacing; rungs/steps; rated load; stress relief; and heat aging.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes recognized performance requirements for portable and permanent emergency escape ladders for residential use.
1.2 This specification replaces provisional standard PS 117.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2175 −07 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Portable and Permanent Emergency Escape Ladders for
Residential Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.4 Rung/Step/Side Support Shear—The rungs/steps and
side support shall not show evidence of failure (material or
1.1 This specification establishes recognized performance
joint separation, cracking, or collapse) when tested in accor-
requirements for portable and permanent emergency escape
dance with 4.4.
ladders for residential use.
3.1.5 Deployment Weight—Maximum weight of the ladder
1.2 This specification replaces provisional standard PS 117.
shall be less than or equal to 20 lb (9.0 kg) for a 20-ft (5.1-m)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ladder and not more than 0.75 ft (.34 kg) per foot (30 cm) of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
additional length.
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
3.1.6 Deployment Time—Deployment of the ladder shall be
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
less than 60 s as tested in accordance with 4.5.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.7 Hook or Attachment Stability—The unit shall have
hooks or other means of attachment to the window or perma-
2. Referenced Documents
nent structural attachment that are stable. With the ladder in
2.1 ASTM Standards: place, no hazardous condition shall be created when tested in
D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics accordance with 5.1.
Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
3.1.8 Rung/Step Size—Rungs/steps shall be 0.97 in.
(25 mm) minimum in depth and greater than 10 in. (254 mm)
2.2 Underwriters Laboratories Standard:
in width. For rungs made from round tubing, the minimum
UL 746b Oven Aging Techniques
rung depth can be reduced at each end for attachment to side
supports.
3. Requirements
3.1.9 Rung/Step Release Mechanism—For ladders having
3.1 The ladder shall show evidence of good workmanship
rung/step release mechanisms, the pull force to release and
and meet the following requirements:
deploy the ladder shall be 5 lb (2.3 kg) or less.
3.1.1 Vertical Static Load—Theladdercomponentsshallnot
3.1.10 Heat Deflection Temperature—All materials that
allow evidence of failure (material or joint separation,
softenormeltbyheatusedinsupportcomponentsoftheladder
cracking, or collapse) when tested in accordance with 4.1.
includingtherungs,rungsupports,andhooks,shallhaveaheat
3.1.2 Horizontal Static Load—The ladder components shall
deflection temperature, as measured by Test Method D648,of
not show evidence of failure (material or joint separation,
not less than 150°C at 66 psi (455 kPa).
cracking, or collapse) when tested in accordance with 4.2.
3.1.11 Standoff—Standoffs for each rung/step shall be sup-
3.1.3 Rung/Step Strength—The rungs/steps shall not show
plied with each ladder. Minimum distance between the outer
any evidence of failure (material or joint separation, cracking,
face of the rung/step and standoff contact at building shall be
or collapse) when tested in accordance with 4.3.
not less than 3.6 in. (9.1 cm). If standoffs are shipped
unattached, the label shown in Section 5 shall be used on
opposite sides of the final package.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on
3.1.12 Designed Length—Designed for a maximum use of 3
Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.47 on Fire
Ladders.
stories (unless specified otherwise).
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published August 2015. Last previous
3.1.13 Rung/Step Spacing—Rungs/steps shall be spaced at a
edition approved in 2007 as F2175 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/F2175-07R15.
2 uniform distance and spaced at intervals of 13 6 2 in.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
(325 6 5 cm).
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3.1.14 Rungs/Steps—Rungs/steps are to be corrugated,
the ASTM website.
serrated, knurled, dimpled, embossed, or coated with slip-
Available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East,
Englewood, CO 80112. resistant material.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2175 − 07 (2015)
3.1.15 Rated Load—The rated load shall be indicated for (3.0 m) below the hooks or permanent structural attachment.
each ladder and shall be rated at 250 lb or more. The bottom end of the ladder shall be displaced 10° to the right
3.1.16 Stress Relief—Rungs/steps, rung/step supports, from vertical. The ladder shall be evaluated for evidence of
hooks or permanent structural attachment assembly shall stand slipping,disconnection,oranyotherhazardousconditionswith
conditioning at 70°C for 7 h without significant deformation or respect to attachment to the window sill or permanent struc-
any cracking that would, in any way, adversely affect the tural attachment.
functionality of the ladder.
5. Labels
3.1.17 Heat Aging—Polymeric components shall have a
calculated use temperature of 75°C or more when heat aged
5.1 Ifanyassemblybytheconsumerisrequired,thelabelin
accordingtoUL746borshallbeheatagedat100°Cfor1000 h
Fig. 1 shall be visible on two opposite sides of the final
without a 25 % or more decrease (unaged to aged) in tensile
package. Similar wording shall be included in any advertising
properties.
copy.Thewords“someassembly”maybemodifiedtobemore
specific, for example, standoffs only.
4. Test Methods
6. Marking
4.1 Vertical Static Load Test—The ladder shall be mounted
as intended and subjected to a vertical static load of three times
6.1 The company’s name, model designation, and date of
the rated load to evaluate the hook or anchoring, rung/step, and
manufacture (month and year) or dated serial number shall be
rung/step support components. The loads shall be evenly
permanently marked on the product. The following informa-
distributed along length of the ladder, with a maximum of
tion shall be on the product:
250 lb (113 kg) per rung, for 1 min. Following the test, the
6.1.1 Ladder length,
ladder shall be examined for evidence of failure.
6.1.2 Ladder load rating,
6.1.3 Minimum window opening dimensions,
4.2 Horizontal Static Load Test—The ladder shall be
6.1.4 Maximum window sill depth for portable escape
mountedasintendedandsubjectedtoahori
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2175 − 07 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Portable and Permanent Emergency Escape Ladders for
Residential Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.4 Rung/Step/Side Support Shear—The rungs/steps and
side support shall not show evidence of failure (material or
1.1 This specification establishes recognized performance
joint separation, cracking, or collapse) when tested in accor-
requirements for portable and permanent emergency escape
dance with 4.4.
ladders for residential use.
3.1.5 Deployment Weight—Maximum weight of the ladder
1.2 This specification replaces provisional standard PS 117.
shall be less than or equal to 20 lb (9.0 kg) for a 20-ft (5.1-m)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ladder and not more than 0.75 ft (.34 kg) per foot (30 cm) of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
additional length.
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
3.1.6 Deployment Time—Deployment of the ladder shall be
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
less than 60 s as tested in accordance with 4.5.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.7 Hook or Attachment Stability—The unit shall have
hooks or other means of attachment to the window or perma-
2. Referenced Documents
nent structural attachment that are stable. With the ladder in
2.1 ASTM Standards: place, no hazardous condition shall be created when tested in
D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics accordance with 5.1.
Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
3.1.8 Rung/Step Size—Rungs/steps shall be 0.97 in.
(25 mm) minimum in depth and greater than 10 in. (254 mm)
2.2 Underwriters Laboratories Standard:
in width. For rungs made from round tubing, the minimum
UL 746b Oven Aging Techniques
rung depth can be reduced at each end for attachment to side
supports.
3. Requirements
3.1.9 Rung/Step Release Mechanism—For ladders having
3.1 The ladder shall show evidence of good workmanship
rung/step release mechanisms, the pull force to release and
and meet the following requirements:
deploy the ladder shall be 5 lb (2.3 kg) or less.
3.1.1 Vertical Static Load—The ladder components shall not
3.1.10 Heat Deflection Temperature—All materials that
allow evidence of failure (material or joint separation,
soften or melt by heat used in support components of the ladder
cracking, or collapse) when tested in accordance with 4.1.
including the rungs, rung supports, and hooks, shall have a heat
3.1.2 Horizontal Static Load—The ladder components shall
deflection temperature, as measured by Test Method D648, of
not show evidence of failure (material or joint separation,
not less than 150°C at 66 psi (455 kPa).
cracking, or collapse) when tested in accordance with 4.2.
3.1.11 Standoff—Standoffs for each rung/step shall be sup-
3.1.3 Rung/Step Strength—The rungs/steps shall not show
plied with each ladder. Minimum distance between the outer
any evidence of failure (material or joint separation, cracking,
face of the rung/step and standoff contact at building shall be
or collapse) when tested in accordance with 4.3.
not less than 3.6 in. (9.1 cm). If standoffs are shipped
unattached, the label shown in Section 5 shall be used on
opposite sides of the final package.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on
3.1.12 Designed Length—Designed for a maximum use of 3
Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.47 on Fire
Ladders.
stories (unless specified otherwise).
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published August 2015. Last previous
3.1.13 Rung/Step Spacing—Rungs/steps shall be spaced at a
edition approved in 2007 as F2175 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/F2175-07R15.
uniform distance and spaced at intervals of 13 6 2 in.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM (325 6 5 cm).
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3.1.14 Rungs/Steps—Rungs/steps are to be corrugated,
the ASTM website.
3 serrated, knurled, dimpled, embossed, or coated with slip-
Available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East,
Englewood, CO 80112. resistant material.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2175 − 07 (2015)
3.1.15 Rated Load—The rated load shall be indicated for (3.0 m) below the hooks or permanent structural attachment.
each ladder and shall be rated at 250 lb or more. The bottom end of the ladder shall be displaced 10° to the right
3.1.16 Stress Relief—Rungs/steps, rung/step supports, from vertical. The ladder shall be evaluated for evidence of
hooks or permanent structural attachment assembly shall stand slipping, disconnection, or any other hazardous conditions with
conditioning at 70°C for 7 h without significant deformation or respect to attachment to the window sill or permanent struc-
any cracking that would, in any way, adversely affect the tural attachment.
functionality of the ladder.
5. Labels
3.1.17 Heat Aging—Polymeric components shall have a
calculated use temperature of 75°C or more when heat aged
5.1 If any assembly by the consumer is required, the label in
according to UL 746b or shall be heat aged at 100°C for 1000 h
Fig. 1 shall be visible on two opposite sides of the final
without a 25 % or more decrease (unaged to aged) in tensile
package. Similar wording shall be included in any advertising
properties.
copy. The words “some assembly” may be modified to be more
specific, for example, standoffs only.
4. Test Methods
6. Marking
4.1 Vertical Static Load Test—The ladder shall be mounted
as intended and subjected to a vertical static load of three times
6.1 The company’s name, model designation, and date of
the rated load to evaluate the hook or anchoring, rung/step, and
manufacture (month and year) or dated serial number shall be
rung/step support components. The loads shall be evenly
permanently marked on the product. The following informa-
distributed along length of the ladder, with a maximum of
tion shall be on the product:
250 lb (113 kg) per rung, for 1 min. Following the test, the
6.1.1 Ladder length,
ladder shall be examined for evidence of failure.
6.1.2 Ladder load rating,
6.1.3 Minimum window opening dimensions,
4.2 Horizontal Static Load Test—The ladder shall be
6.1.4 Maximum window sill depth for portable escape
mounted as intended and subjected to a horizontal static load of
ladders, and
200 lb (91 kg) to evaluate the h
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2175 − 07 F2175 − 07 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Portable and Permanent Emergency Escape Ladders for
Residential Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification establishes recognized performance requirements for portable and permanent emergency escape ladders
for residential use.
1.2 This specification replaces provisional standard PS 117.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
2.2 Underwriters Laboratories Standard:
UL 746b Oven Aging Techniques
3. Requirements
3.1 The ladder shall show evidence of good workmanship and meet the following requirements:
3.1.1 Vertical Static Load—The ladder components shall not allow evidence of failure (material or joint separation, cracking,
or collapse) when tested in accordance with 4.1.
3.1.2 Horizontal Static Load—The ladder components shall not show evidence of failure (material or joint separation, cracking,
or collapse) when tested in accordance with 4.2.
3.1.3 Rung/Step Strength—The rungs/steps shall not show any evidence of failure (material or joint separation, cracking, or
collapse) when tested in accordance with 4.3.
3.1.4 Rung/Step/Side Support Shear—The rungs/steps and side support shall not show evidence of failure (material or joint
separation, cracking, or collapse) when tested in accordance with 4.4.
3.1.5 Deployment Weight—Maximum weight of the ladder shall be less than or equal to 20 lb (9.0 kg) for a 20-ft (5.1-m) ladder
and not more than 0.75 ft (.34 kg) per foot (30 cm) of additional length.
3.1.6 Deployment Time—Deployment of the ladder shall be less than 60 s as tested in accordance with 4.5.
3.1.7 Hook or Attachment Stability—The unit shall have hooks or other means of attachment to the window or permanent
structural attachment that are stable. With the ladder in place, no hazardous condition shall be created when tested in accordance
with 5.1.
3.1.8 Rung/Step Size—Rungs/steps shall be 0.97 in. (25 mm) minimum in depth and greater than 10 in. (254 mm) in width. For
rungs made from round tubing, the minimum rung depth can be reduced at each end for attachment to side supports.
3.1.9 Rung/Step Release Mechanism—For ladders having rung/step release mechanisms, the pull force to release and deploy the
ladder shall be 5 lb (2.3 kg) or less.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.47 on Fire Ladders.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2007April 1, 2015. Published March 2007August 2015. Last previous edition approved in 20022007 as F2175 – 02.F2175 – 07. DOI:
10.1520/F2175-07.10.1520/F2175-07R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2175 − 07 (2015)
3.1.10 Heat Deflection Temperature—All materials that soften or melt by heat used in support components of the ladder
including the rungs, rung supports, and hooks, shall have a heat deflection temperature, as measured by Test Method D648, of not
less than 150°C at 66 psi (455 kPa).
3.1.11 Standoff—Standoffs for each rung/step shall be supplied with each ladder. Minimum distance between the outer face of
the rung/step and standoff contact at building shall be not less than 3.6 in. (9.1 cm). If standoffs are shipped unattached, the label
shown in Section 5 shall be used on opposite sides of the final package.
3.1.12 Designed Length—Designed for a maximum use of 3 stories (unless specified otherwise).
3.1.13 Rung/Step Spacing—Rungs/steps shall be spaced at a uniform distance and spaced at intervals of 13 6 2 in.
(325 6 5 cm).
3.1.14 Rungs/Steps—Rungs/steps are to be corrugated, serrated, knurled, dimpled, embossed, or coated with slip-resistant
material.
3.1.15 Rated Load—The rated load shall be indicated for each ladder and shall be rated at 250 lb or more.
3.1.16 Stress Relief—Rungs/steps, rung/step supports, hooks or permanent structural attachment assembly shall stand
conditioning at 70°C for 7 h without significant deformation or any cracking that would, in any way, adversely affect the
functionality of the ladder.
3.1.17 Heat Aging—Polymeric components shall have a calculated use temperature of 75°C or more when heat aged according
to UL 746b or shall be heat aged at 100°C for 1000 h without a 25 % or more decrease (unaged to aged) in tensile properties.
4. Test Methods
4.1 Vertical Static Load Test—The ladder shall be mounted as intended and subjected to a vertical static load of three times the
rated load to evaluate the hook or anchoring, rung/step, and rung/step support components. The loads shall be evenly distributed
along length of the ladder, with a maximum of 250 lb (113 kg) per rung, for 1 min. Following the test, the ladder shall be examined
for evidence of failure.
4.2 Horizontal Static Load Test—The ladder shall be mounted as intended and subjected to a horizontal static load of 200 lb
(91 kg) to evaluate the hook (for portable ladders) or permanent structural attachment (for permanent ladders) and standoff
components. The load(s) shall be applied at the point where it would cause the greatest stress on the component for 1 min.
Following this test, the components shall be visually examined for evidence of failure.
4.3 Rung/Step Strength Test—Rungs/steps shall be mounted as intended to the side supports and subjected to a static load of 750
lb (340 kg) applied at the center of the rung/step of a 4-in. (10-cm) width for 1 min. Following the test, the rung/step and side
support shall be visually examined for evidence of failure.
4.4 Rung/Step Support Shear Test—Rungs/steps shall be mounted as intended to the side supports and subjected to a static load
of 750 lb (340 kg) applied to the rung/step of a 4-in. (10-cm) width immediately adjacent to the s
...
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