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ASTM E831-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis

Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used, for example, for design purposes and to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur when a solid body composed of two different materials is subjected to temperature variations.
This test method is comparable to Test Method D 3386 for testing electrical insulation materials, but it covers a more general group of solid materials and it defines test conditions more specifically. This test method uses a smaller specimen and substantially different apparatus than Test Methods E 228 and D 696.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the apparent coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermomechanical analysis techniques. Related information can be found in Refs. (, ).
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the specimen.
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 m/(mC). The test method may be used at lower (or negative) expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see Section ).
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from 120 to 900 C. The temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials used.
1.5 Computer or electronic based instruments, techniques, or data treatment equivalent to this test method may also be used. Note 1
Users of this test method are expressly advised that all such instruments or techniques may not be equivalent. It is the responsibility of the user to determine the necessary equivalency prior to use.
1.6 SI values are the standard.
1.7 This test method is related to ISO 11359-2 but is significantly different in technical detail.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Mar-2006
ICS
19.060 - Mechanical testing
Technical Committee
E37 - Thermal Measurements
Drafting Committee
E37.10 - Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E831-05 - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Replaced By
ASTM E831-12 - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
Effective Date
01-Mar-2012
Referred By
ASTM E289-17 - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Rigid Solids with Interferometry
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM E2113-23 - Standard Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4101-17e1 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D696-16 - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM C1470-20 - Standard Guide for Testing the Thermal Properties of Advanced Ceramics
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D3841-21 - Standard Specification for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Plastic Panels
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM E2206-21 - Standard Test Method for Force Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM E228-22 - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6341-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Plastic Lumber and Plastic Lumber Shapes Between –30 and 140°F (–34.4 and 60°C)
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM F3319-20 - Standard Specification for Selection and Application of Field-Installed Cryogenic Pipe and Equipment Insulation Systems on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)-Fueled Ships
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006

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ASTM E831-06 - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical AnalysisASTM E831-06 - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
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ASTM E831-06 - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E831–06
Standard Test Method for
Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by
1
Thermomechanical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method determines the apparent coefficient of
linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermome-
2. Referenced Documents
chanicalanalysistechniques.Relatedinformationcanbefound
3
2 2.1 ASTM Standards:
in Refs. (1, 2).
D696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Ex-
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that
pansion of Plastics Between Ø30°C and 30°C with a
exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such
Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the
D3386 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal
specimen.
4
Expansion of Electrical Insulating Materials
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 µm/
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
(m·°C). The test method may be used at lower (or negative)
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see
ology
Section 11).
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range
E1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Ther-
from −120 to 900 °C. The temperature range may be extended
momechanical Analyzers
depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials
E2113 Test Method for Length Change Calibration of
used.
Thermomechanical Analyzers
1.5 Computer or electronic based instruments, techniques,
5
2.2 ISO Standards:
or data treatment equivalent to this test method may also be
ISO 11359-2 Plastics—Thermomechanical Analysis
used.
(TMA)—Part 2: Determination of Coefficient of Linear
NOTE 1—Users of this test method are expressly advised that all such
Thermal Expansion and Glass Transition Temperature
instrumentsortechniquesmaynotbeequivalent.Itistheresponsibilityof
the user to determine the necessary equivalency prior to use.
3. Terminology
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions—Thermal analysis terms in Terminologies
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E473 and E1142 shall apply to this test method.
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.7 This test method is related to ISO11359-2 but is
3.2.1 apparent coeffıcient of linear thermal expansion,
significantly different in technical detail.
(a )—the change in length, relative to the specimen length at
m
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ambient temperature, accompanying a unit change in tempera-
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ture identified by the midpoint temperature of the temperature
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
range of measurement
1 3
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on Funda- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved March 15, 2006. Published April 2006. Originally the ASTM website.
4
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E831–05. DOI: Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
10.1520/E0831-06. on www.astm.org.
2 5
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
this standard. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E831–06
4. Summary of Test Method curve),includingsignalnoise,ontheY-axisversusanyfraction
of the temperature signal, including noise, on the X-axis.
4.1 This test method uses a thermomechanical analyzer or
6.2 Cooling Capability, to sustain a subambient spec
...

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5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used, for example, for design purposes and to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur when a solid body composed of two different materials is subjected to temperature variations.  
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5.1 Coefficients of linear expansion are required for design purposes and are used particularly to determine thermal stresses that can occur when a solid artifact composed of different materials may fail when it is subjected to a temperature excursion(s).  
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5.4 The precise measurement of thermal expansion involves two parameters; change of length and change of temperature. Since precise measurements of the first parameter can be made by this test method, it is essential that great attention is also paid to the second, in order to ensure that calculated expansion coefficients are based on the required temperature difference. Thus in order to ensure the necessary uniformity in temperature of the specimen, it is essential that the uniform temperature zone of the surrounding furnace or environmental chamber shall be made significantly longer than the combined length of specimen and mirrors.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of linear thermal expansion of rigid solids using either a Michelson or Fizeau interferometer.  
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1.3 It is recognized that many rigid solids require detailed preconditioning and specific thermal test schedules for correct evaluation of linear thermal expansion behavior for certain material applications. Since a general method of test cannot cover all specific requirements, details of this nature should be discussed in the particular material specifications.  
1.4 This test method is applicable to the approximate temperature range −150°C to 700°C. The temperature range may be extended depending on the instrumentation and calibration materials used.  
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4.1 The use of this guide is voluntary and is intended for use as a procedures guide for selection and application of specific types of strain gages for high-temperature installations. No attempt is made to restrict the type of strain gage types or concepts to be chosen by the user. The provisions of this guide may be invoked in specifications and procedures by specifying those that shall be considered mandatory for the purpose of the specific application. When so invoked, the user shall include in the work statement a notation that provisions of this guide shown as recommendation shall be considered mandatory for the purposes of the specification or procedure concerned, and shall include a statement of any exceptions to or modifications of the affected provisions of this guide.
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1.1 This guide covers the selection and application of strain gages for the measurement of static strain up to and including the temperature range from 425 °C to 650 °C (800 °F to 1200 °F). This guide reflects some state-of-the-art techniques in high-temperature strain measurement.  
1.2 This guide assumes that the user is familiar with the use of bonded strain gages and associated signal conditioning circuits and instrumentation as discussed in  (1)  and (2).2 The strain gage systems described are those that have proven effective in the temperature range of interest and were available at the time of issue of this guide. It is not the intent of this guide to limit the user to one of the strain gage types described nor is it the intent to specify the type of strain gage system to be used for a specific application. However, in using any strain gage system including those described, the proposer shall be able to demonstrate the capability of the proposed strain gage system to meet the selection criteria provided in Section 5 and the needs of the specific application.  
1.3 The devices and techniques described in this guide can sometimes be applicable at temperatures above and below the range noted, and for making dynamic strain measurements at high temperatures with proper precautions. The strain gage manufacturer should be consulted for recommendations and details of such applications.  
1.4 The references are a part of this guide to the extent specified in the text.  
1.5 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for informational purposes only.  
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Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology contains definitions, definitions of terms specific to certain standards, symbols, and abbreviations approved for use in standards on fatigue and fracture testing. The definitions are preceded by two lists. The first is an alphabetical listing of symbols used. (Greek symbols are listed in accordance with their spelling in English.) The second is an alphabetical listing of relevant abbreviations.  
1.2 This terminology includes Annex A1 on Units and Annex A2 on Designation Codes for Specimen Configuration, Applied Loading, and Crack or Notch Orientation.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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    English language
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  • Standard
    25 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off