ASTM D6405-99(2004)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials
Standard Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides a standard procedure for obtaining the water-soluble materials (including tannins) from any material that can be prepared for and charged to the steam-jacketed extractor. The extraction solutions are then analyzed according to Test Methods D 4903, D 6401, and D 6402.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers extracting the tannin from raw and spent materials. The water extract obtained by this method is used to determine the tannin content of the original material. Analysis for total solids, soluble solids, and soluble non-tannins of the water extract from a material provides the information necessary to calculate the extractable tannin content of that material. The types of materials typically analyzed by this practice are products of plants such as woods, barks, leaves, nuts, fruits, roots, etc. and any of a wide variety of by-products (spent materials) from industrial processes utilizing plant products.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D6405–99(Reapproved2004)
Standard Practice for
Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6405; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ALCA Methods:
A5 Extraction of Raw and Spent Materials
1.1 This practice covers extracting the tannin from raw and
spent materials. The water extract obtained by this method is
3. Terminology
used to determine the tannin content of the original material.
3.1 Definitions:
Analysis for total solids, soluble solids, and soluble non-
3.1.1 For definitions of general leather and tanning terms
tannins of the water extract from a material provides the
used in this practice refer to Definitions D 1517.
information necessary to calculate the extractable tannin con-
3.1.2 raw material—any of the various parts of plants that
tent of that material. The types of materials typically analyzed
are used as a source of vegetable tannins.
by this practice are products of plants such as woods, barks,
3.1.3 spent material—plant tissue by-products from indus-
leaves, nuts, fruits, roots, etc. and any of a wide variety of
trial processes which may contain significant quantities of
by-products (spent materials) from industrial processes utiliz-
vegetable tannins.
ing plant products.
3.1.4 tannin—an astringent substance found in the various
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
parts of plants such as bark, wood, leaves, nuts, fruits, roots,
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
etc.
information only.
3.1.5 vegetable tannins—mixtures of substances (natural
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
products) obtained from plant tissues by water extraction
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
which have the chemical and physical properties necessary to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
convert animal hides and skins into leather.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Thesampleofmaterialtobeanalyzedfortannincontent
2. Referenced Documents
is first brought to moisture equilibrium with the laboratory
2.1 ASTM Standards:
atmosphere (that is, wet materials such as spent materials are
D 1517 Definition of Terms Relating to Leather
first dried under ambient laboratory conditions) and then
D 4903 TestMethodforTotalSolidsandWaterinVegetable
ground sufficiently to pass through a sieve.This ground sample
Tanning Material Extracts
is then extracted with water in a steam-jacketed extractor.
D 4904 Practice for Cooling Analytical Solutions
D 6401 Test Method for Determining Non-Tannins and
5. Significance and Use
Tannin in Extracts of Vegetable Tanning Materials
5.1 This practice provides a standard procedure for obtain-
D 6402 Test Method for Determining Soluble Solids and
ing the water-soluble materials (including tannins) from any
Insolubles in Extracts of Vegetable Tanning Materials
material that can be prepared for and charged to the steam-
D 6403 Test Method for Determining Moisture in Raw and
jacketed extractor. The extraction solutions are then analyzed
Spent Materials
according to Test Methods D 4903, D 6401, and D 6402.
D 6404 Practice for Sampling of Vegetable Materials Con-
taining Tannin
6. Apparatus and Reagents
6.1 Sieve, with circular openings 1.27 cm (0.50 in.) in
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD31onLeatherand diameter.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.01 onVegetable Leather .This test
6.2 Sieve, with circular openings of 2 mm diameter (U.S.
method has been adapted from and is a replacement for Method A5 of the Official
Std. Sieve Series No. 10).
Methods of the American Leather Chemists Association.
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 6405 – 99.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Official Methods of the American Leather Chemists Association. Available
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on from the American Leather Chemists Association, University of Cincinnati, P.O.
the ASTM website. Box 210014, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0014.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6405–99 (2004)
6.3 Glass Rods, soft glass stirring rods with rounded, 7.2 Where the original sample is too wet to be ground, or
fire-polished ends. wheresuchgrindingislikelytocausesignificantchangesinthe
6.4 Borosilicate Glass Wool, made of soft, pliable fibers. moisture content, samples of raw material shall be weighed,
6.5 Steam-Jacketed, Borosilicate Glass Extraction Appara- spreadouton(canvas)trayswhichpermitfreecirculationofair
tus, as described in Fig. 1. This apparatus may need to be all around the sample, and allowed to attain approximate
special ordered and custom built by a laboratory glass-blowing moisture equilibrium with the laboratory atmosphere; the
manufacturer. temperature at no time should exceed 60°C. Spent materials
6.6 Tubing, flexible, chemical and heat resistant tubing of should be similarly treated except that temperatures up to
appropriate size and length to fit onto the outlet tubes of the 100°C may be used. The partially dried sample shall then be
extractor apparatus. The tubing from the extraction chamber ground as described in 7.1.
outlet must fit into the receiving flask. 7.2.1 In all cases, the loss of moisture during such drying
6.7 Clamps, Hoffman or similar type for use on the tubing must be determined and the results of the analysis calculated to
extensions from the extractor outlets. the basis of the original moisture before drying. A second
6.8 W
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