ASTM B489-85(1998)

Standard Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodeposited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings on Metals

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a test procedure for determining the ductility of electrodeposited and autocatalytically deposited coatings on sheet or strip basis metals. The purpose of the test is to determine the resistance of metal coatings to cracking during distortion.  
1.2 Test Methods E8 can be used if the coatings are too ductile and require mandrels too small to be practical.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1997
• ICS: 25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
• Technical Committee: B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
• Drafting Committee: B08.10 - Test Methods

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM B489-85(2003) - Standard Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodeposited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings on Metals
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Referred By: ASTM B984-12(2020)e1 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium-Cobalt Alloy for Engineering Use
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1998
• Referred By: ASTM B488-18 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1998
• Referred By: ASTM B604-91(2019) - Standard Specification for Decorative Electroplated Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium on Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1998
• Referred By: ASTM B456-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus<brk/> Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1998
• Referred By: ASTM B867-95(2018) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium-Nickel for Engineering Use
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1998
• Referred By: ASTM B679-98(2021) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium for Engineering Use
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1998
• Referred By: ASTM B832-93(2018) - Standard Guide for Electroforming with Nickel and Copper
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1998

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: B 489 – 85 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Practice for
Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodeposited and
Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings on Metals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 489; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3-mm steps with lengths of 100 to 150 mm so they can be held
in a vise.
1.1 This practice covers a test procedure for determining the
5.2 Micrometer, to measure the thickness of the test speci-
ductility of electrodeposited and autocatalytically deposited
mens.
coatings on sheet or strip basis metals. The purpose of the test
5.3 Guillotine Shears or other device to cut the specimens to
is to determine the resistance of metal coatings to cracking
size.
during distortion.
5.4 File or Grinder to remove burrs and to round or chamfer
1.2 Test Methods E 8 can be used if the coatings are too
edges.
ductile and require mandrels too small to be practical.
5.5 Vise, to hold mandrels.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.6 Magnifier, 103.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6. Test Specimen
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6.1 Flat specimens, 10 mm wide, and not less than 150 mm
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
long, shall be cut from the electroplated or coated article if the
2. Referenced Documents shape permits, no closer than 25 mm from the edges. Guillotine
shears are preferred, but any convenient method may be used.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Basis metal thickness and temper shall be suitable to permit
B 177 Guide for Chromium Electroplating on Steel for
bending around the smallest diameter mandrel, if necessary.
Engineering Use
Low-carbon AISI 1010 to 1025 steel strip or sheet, 0.25 to 1.0
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
mm thick is usually suitable. Basis metals that have low
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
ductility can initiate cracks that can propagate through the
3. Summary of Practice coatings. The procedure indicated in 6.2 shall then be followed.
6.2 When the shape is such that a test specimen cannot be
3.1 The practice consists of bending a narrow strip of the
obtained from the part, a test panel may be prepared of
electroplated or coated article over a mandrel. An elongation
appropriate basis metal, such as low-carbon steel (see 6.1),
measurement is obtained from the smallest diameter mandrel
with the same coating system in the same baths. The panel shall
that does not cause the coating to fracture.
be sufficiently large to obtain several pieces after trimming 25
4. Significance and Use
mm from the edges. The specimens shall be prepared in
accordance with 6.1. Brass or copper panels may be used
4.1 The routine measurement of the ductility of electrode-
instead of copper-electroplated zinc alloy panels.
posited and autocatalytically deposited metal coatings can be
6.3 The long edges of the test pieces shall be rounded or
useful in process control, especially when the electroplating
chamfered by filing or grinding.
process is used for decorative and engineering purposes.
7. Procedure
5. Apparatus
7.1 Place the largest mandrel in the vise. Bend the test
5.1 Series of Mandrels, with diameters from 6 to 50 mm, in
specimen, with the coating outward, over the mandrel so that as
the bend progresses the test specimen will remain in contact
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-8 on Metallic and
with the top of the mandrel. Continue bending with slow,
Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.10 on
General Test Methods. steadily applied pressure until the two legs are parallel. If there
Current edition approved March 29, 1985. Published May 1985. Originally
are no cracks visible under a 103 magnifier, repeat the test,
e1
published as B 489 – 68. Last previous edition B 489 – 68 (1979) .
using new specimens, on progressively smaller-diameter man-
For a discussion and theory for this test see Mohrnheim, A. F., “the Bend Test
drels, until cracks appear across or through the coating. Take
for Measuring the Strain Limit of Surfaces,” Plating, Vol 50, 1963, pp. 1094 – 1099.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
the preceding mandrel diameter as the value for the ductility
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
determination. If the coating is electrodeposited chromium, the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 489
specimens may require heating or aging to overcome tempo- 8. Calculation
rary hydrogen embrittlement. A procedure to overcome hydro-
8.1 Determine the elongation as follows:
gen embri
...