ASTM D4898-90(2000)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis
Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of insoluble contamination in hydraulic fluids by gravimetric analyses. The contamination determined includes both particulate and gel-like matter, organic and inorganic, which is retained on a membrane filter disk of pore diameter as required by applicable specifications (usually 0.45 [mu]m or 0.80 [mu]m).
1.2 To indicate the nature and distribution of the particulate contamination, the gravimetric method should be supplemented by occasional particle counts of typical samples in accordance with Test Method F312.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 6.1.
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An American National Standard
e1
Designation:D4898–90(Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4898; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Editorial corrections were made throughout in April 2000.
1. Scope E 319 Practice for the Evaluation of Single-Pan Mechanical
Balances
1.1 This test method covers the determination of insoluble
F 302 Practice for Field Sampling of Aerospace Fluids in
contamination in hydraulic fluids by gravimetric analyses. The
Containers
contamination determined includes both particulate and gel-
F 303 Practices for Sampling Aerospace Fluids from Com-
like matter, organic and inorganic, which is retained on a
ponents
membranefilterdiskofporediameterasrequiredbyapplicable
F 312 Methods for Microscopical Sizing and Counting
specifications (usually 0.45 µm or 0.80 µm).
Particles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters
1.2 To indicate the nature and distribution of the particulate
F 314 Test Methods for Identification of Metallic and Fi-
contamination, the gravimetric method should be supple-
brous Contaminants in Aerospace Fluids
mented by occasional particle counts of typical samples in
2.2 Military Standard:
accordance with Test Method F 312.
MIL-C-81302 C Cleaning Compound Solvent Trichlorotri-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
fluoroethane
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 The insoluble contamination is determined by passing a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
given quantity of a fluid sample through a membrane filter disk
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and measuring the resultant increase in the weight of the filter.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
The fluid sample is drawn through the filter by a vacuum and
warning statement, see 6.1.
the insoluble contamination is collected on the surface of the
2. Referenced Documents filter. In addition, the filter disk is microscopically scanned for
excessively large particles, fibers, or other unusual conditions.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 555/A 555M Specification for General Requirements for
4. Significance and Use
Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
3 4.1 This test method indicates and measures the amount of
D 1836 Specification for Commercial Hexanes
insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids. Minimizing the
D 2021 Specification for Neutral Detergent, 40 Percent
4 levels of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids is essen-
Alkylbenzene Sulfonate Type
tial for the satisfactory performance and long life of the
equipment. Insoluble contamination can not only plug filters
1 but can damage functional system components resulting in
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
wear and eventual system failure.
Petroleum and Petroleum Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.N0.02on Industrial Applications.
Current edition approved May 25, 1990. Published July 1990. Originally
published as D 2387 – 65 T. ASTM Test Method F 313 – 70 was redesignated Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.
e1 e1 6
D 4898 – 73 (1983) in 1988. Last previous edition D 4898 – 78 (1983) . Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
2 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
3 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.04. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4898
5. Apparatus 7. Sample
5.1 Microbalance, accurate to 0.005 mg, and the zero shall 7.1 A 100 6 1-mL fluid sample shall be used for this
method. Larger or smaller samples may be used, however, to
not drift more than 0.005 mg during the test period. The rated
accuracy shall be obtainable by personnel actually making the meet problems of unusually high or low contamination levels.
weighings, under actual conditions of use and shall be verified
NOTE 1—Methods for obtaining the fluid samples are not specified in
in accordance with Practice E 319.
this method. These methods should be established by the individual
5.2 Membrane Filter Support, fritted glass, sintered metal,
agencies or laboratories in accordance with their requirements. However,
or stainless steel screen, to support 25-mm or 47 to 51-mm extreme care should be taken to ensure that the samples are representative
and free of external contamination.
membrane filters. The support shall be designed to enable
attachment of a vacuum flask.
7.2 The following ASTM sampling test methods should be
5.3 Filtration Funnel, glass or stainless steel, minimum
used when applicable: Practices F 302 and F 303.
capacity 15 mL, designed to enable attachment to the mem-
8. Preparation of Apparatus
brane filter support by means of a suitable clamping device.
8.1 The filtration funnel, petri dishes, graduated cylinders,
The filter funnel is calibrated to indicate volume.
and sample bottles shall be cleaned before each use by the
5.4 Vacuum Flask, 250-mL, with rubber stopper.
following method:
5.5 Filtered Liquid Dispensers (2)—Washing bottles or
8.1.1 Thoroughly wash in a solution of detergent and hot
otherdispenserscapableofdeliveringliquidthrougha0.45-µm
water.
in-line membrane filter.
8.1.2 Rinse with hot tap water and finally with distilled or
5.6 Air Ionizer, alpha emitter, 18.5 MBq, of polonium-210,
deionized water.
with a useful life of 1.5 years to a final value of 1.1 MBq.
8.1.3 Rinse twice with filtered isopropyl alcohol (delivered
5.7 Membrane Filters (2), 25 mm or 47 to 51 mm in
through a filtered liquid dispenser).
diameter, with pore diameter as required.
8.1.4 Rinse twice with filtered commercial hexane (deliv-
5.8 Microscope, capable of 353 magnification.
ered through filtered liquid dispenser).
5.9 Vacuum Source, capable of pulling 550 mm Hg. An
8.1.5 Leave approximately 1 mL of commercial hexane in
electrically driven vacuum pump must be explosion-proof.
the bottom of each sample bottle. Replace sample bottle cap
5.10 Drying Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of
(Warning-Flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Skin irritant on
80°C.
repeated contact. Eye irritant. Aspiration hazard.).
5.11 Sample Bottles, with contamination-proof caps.
Aluminum-foil wrapped stoppers or polyethylene liners be-
9. Procedure
tween cap and bottl
...
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