ASTM C777-04(2019)

Standard Test Method for Sulfide Resistance of Ceramic Decorations on Glass

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the qualitative determination of the sulfide resistance of ceramic decorations on glass to assure the necessary durability of the decoration. The decorated ware should be representative of the lot, or run, and should be taken in accordance with the prescribed principles. The preparations of the test solution are presented in details. The procedures for testing the sulfide resistance of ceramic decorations on glass are presented. The decoration on the test specimen and reference standard are graded in accordance with one of the following visual test grades: grade V1, grade V2, grade V3, grade V4, and grade V5. If stain exists, the decoration on the test specimen and reference standard are graded in accordance with one of the following physical test grades: grade P1, grade P2, and grade P3.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of the sulfide resistance of ceramic decorations on glass to assure the necessary durability of the decoration.  
1.2 This test method provides an indication of performance when and if the decorations are exposed to sulfide attack.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This test method generates hydrogen sulfide gas which is highly poisonous.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2019
• ICS: 97.040.60 - Cookware, cutlery and flatware
• Technical Committee: C14 - Glass and Glass Products
• Drafting Committee: C14.10 - Glass Decoration

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C777-04(2014) - Standard Test Method for Sulfide Resistance of Ceramic Decorations on Glass
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2019
• Refers: ASTM C224-78(2020) - Standard Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2020
• Refers: ASTM C224-78(2014) - Standard Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Refers: ASTM C224-78(2009) - Standard Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
• Effective Date: 01-May-2009
• Refers: ASTM C224-78(2004)e1 - Standard Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Refers: ASTM C224-78(1999) - Standard Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999

Overview

ASTM C777-04(2019), Standard Test Method for Sulfide Resistance of Ceramic Decorations on Glass, is an internationally recognized standard developed by ASTM International. This test method provides a systematic approach for qualitatively determining the sulfide resistance of ceramic decorations on glass. By assessing the durability of decorated glassware under sulfide exposure, manufacturers, quality control professionals, and product developers can be assured of product performance and longevity, especially when ceramic-decorated glass items are exposed to sulfide-rich environments.

Key Topics

• Sulfide Resistance Assessment
  The method describes a process for exposing ceramic-decorated glass specimens to a hydrogen sulfide atmosphere and evaluating the degree of attack or staining. Sulfide resistance is determined by both visual and physical grading.

• Test Procedures and Apparatus
  Key equipment includes covered containers, stirrers, hot plates, pipets, and fume hoods to safely conduct tests that generate hydrogen sulfide gas, which is highly poisonous. The process requires the preparation of acetic acid and sodium sulfide solutions, immersion of test specimens, and comparison with reference standards.

• Visual and Physical Grading

  • Visual Grades (V1-V5): These grades range from no visible attack (V1) to surfaces that are dull, matte, or grossly discolored (V5).
  • Physical Grades (P1-P3): These address the ease with which any visible stain can be removed, from stains that are easily removed by gentle rubbing (P1) to those that cannot be completely removed (P3).

• Sampling and Reporting
  The test specifies sampling practices to ensure specimens represent the entire lot or production run. Results are to be reported with detailed sample identification, decorating material used, firing cycle information, grading outcomes, and test dates.

Applications

This standard is commonly used in the following contexts:

• Quality Control: Ensuring that decorative glassware, such as drinking glasses, bottles, and tableware, maintains its appearance and functionality when exposed to sulfide gases, which can be encountered during storage or use.
• Product Development: Assessing new decoration techniques or materials for their durability and resistance to chemical attack before market release.
• Regulatory Compliance: Demonstrating that decorated glass products meet required durability standards in domestic and international markets.
• Supply Chain Specifications: Allowing buyers and manufacturers to establish minimum quality benchmarks for the sulfide resistance of decorated glass products.

Related Standards

Several related ASTM standards and international practices support the implementation of ASTM C777-04(2019):

• ASTM C224 - Practice for Sampling Glass Containers, referenced for selecting representative specimens.
• International Standardization Principles - Developed in accordance with World Trade Organization (WTO) Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) principles, supporting global harmonization.

Keywords: sulfide resistance, ceramic decorations, glass durability, ASTM C777, visual grading, quality control, glassware testing, hydrogen sulfide.

By adhering to ASTM C777-04(2019), industries can ensure high standards for the sulfide resistance of ceramic-decorated glass, protecting both product aesthetics and consumer satisfaction.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C777 −04 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Sulfide Resistance of Ceramic Decorations on Glass
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C777; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope of attack is determined by visual observation and physical
testing of the specimen exposed to a hydrogen sulfide atmo-
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of
sphere.
the sulfide resistance of ceramic decorations on glass to assure
the necessary durability of the decoration.
4. Apparatus
1.2 This test method provides an indication of performance
4.1 Suitable Covered Container.
when and if the decorations are exposed to sulfide attack.
4.2 Stirrer.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.3 Hot Plate.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4.4 Pipet.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.5 Fume Hood, or other means of adequately exhausting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
H S produced during the test.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5. Reagents
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Sodium Sulfide (Na S·9H O), reagent grade.
2 2
1.5 This test method generates hydrogen sulfide gas which
5.2 Acetic Acid (CH COOH, min 99.8 %), reagent grade.
is highly poisonous.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
6. Test Specimen
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
6.1 The decorated ware should be representative of the lot,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
or run, and should be taken in accordance with the principles
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
stated in Practice C224.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6.2 Standard reference ware of known resistance must be
run with each test.
2. Referenced Documents
7. Preparation of Test Solution
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C224 Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
7.1 Make a 4 % volume acetic acid solution by adding to
each 96 mL of distilled water 4 mL of acetic acid.
3. Summary of Test Method
7.2 Dissolve an excess amount of sodium sulfide in warm
3.1 One half of the specimens are immersed in a volume
(35 to 40°C) distilled water. Make sure there is undissolved
4 % acetic acid solution that contains 1 mLof saturated sodium
sodium sulfide left over. Cool to room temperature.
sulfide solution per each 100 mL of the acetic acid solution in
7.3 Stir into each 100 mL of the 4 % acetic acid solution 1
a suitable covered container at room temperature. The degree
mL of saturated, clear, sodium sulfide solution for 2 or 3 min.
A milk of sulfur will precipitate.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass
8. Procedure
and Glass Products, and was written by Subcommittee C14.10 on Glass Decoration
in cooperation with the Society of Glass Decorator’s Committee A-20.
8.1 Place the test specimens and the reference standard of
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2019. Published February 2019. Originally
known resistance into the test solution prepared according to
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C777 – 04 (2014).
7.3 at room temperature so that only half of the decoration is
DOI: 10.1520/C0777-04R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM web
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