ASTM C778-12
(Specification)Standard Specification for Standard Sand
Standard Specification for Standard Sand
ABSTRACT
This specification covers standard sand for use in the testing of hydraulic cements. Sand shall meet the requirements with respect to grading, source of sand, and absence of undesirable air entraining characteristics. Sieve analysis shall be performed by sieving the sand by hand or mechanically as prescribed. Results of the sieve analysis shall be reported as total percentage passing each sieve. Small amounts of some surfactants or other contaminants will produce air voids in mortars with 20-30 sand, graded sands or both. Tests for air-entraining potential of standard sand shall be made on a single day by a single operator.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers standard sand for use in the testing of hydraulic cements.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in , of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C778 −12
StandardSpecification for
1
Standard Sand
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Testing of Hydraulic Cements
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
1.1 This specification covers standard sand for use in the
Sieves
testing of hydraulic cements.
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
standard.
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in
3. Terminology
SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10,of
3.1.1 20–30 sand, n—standard sand, predominantly graded
measurements made in other units.
to pass a 850-µm (No. 20) sieve and be retained on a 600-µm
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(No. 30) sieve.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1.2 graded sand, n—standard sand, predominantly graded
between the 600-µm (No. 30) sieve and the 150-µm (No. 100)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. sieve.
3.1.3 standard sand, n—silica sand, composed almost en-
2. Referenced Documents
tirely of naturally rounded grains of nearly pure quartz, used
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for preparing mortars in the testing of hydraulic cements.
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
4. Requirements
Specimens)
C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific 4.1 SandshallmeettherequirementsofTable1withrespect
Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
to grading, source of sand, and absence of undesirable air
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse entraining characteristics.
Aggregates
METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
STANDARD SANDS
C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
Mortar
5. Apparatus
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C702 PracticeforReducingSamplesofAggregatetoTesting
5.1 Sieves—The sieves shall be standard 203-mm (8-in.)
Size
diameter, full-height, wire-cloth sieves, conforming to the
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
requirements of Specification E11, and of the following sizes:
Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical
1.18-mm (No. 16) 425-µm (No. 40)
850-µm (No. 20) 300-µm (No. 50)
600-µm (No. 30) 150-µm (No. 100)
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on
Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.95 on Coordination of
5.2 Sample Splitter—The sample splitter, receptacles, and
Standards.
feeder pan or hopper shall conform to the general design
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally
requirements listed in MethodA, apparatus section of Practice
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C778 – 06. DOI:
10.1520/C0778-12.
C702, except that the device shall have no fewer than eight
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
chutes having a maximum opening no greater than 13 mm, and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
a minimum opening at least three times the diameter of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. largest particle of sand in a sample to be split.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C778−12
TABLE 1 Standard Sand Requirements
Prepare two batches of each of “washed” and as “as received”
Characteristics 20-30 Sand Graded Sand sand for test following the procedures inTest Method C185 for
Grading, percent passing sieve: 20–30 sand or Test Method C109/C109M for graded sand.
1.18 mm (No. 16) 100 100
8.1.2 Tests for air-entraining potential of a standard sand
850 µm (No. 20) 85 to 100
shall be made on a single day by a single operator.
600 µm (No. 30) 0 to 5 96 to 100
425 µm (No. 40) 65 to 75
8.2 20–30 Sand—Prepare two batches of mortar with
300 µm (No. 50) 20 to 30
washed sand and two with “as received” s
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C778–06 Designation: C778 – 12
Standard Specification for
1
Standard Sand
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers standard sand for use in the testing of hydraulic cements.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 ValuesinSIunitsshallbeobtainedbymeasurementinSIunitsorbyappropriateconversion,usingtheRulesforConversion
and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 20–30 sand, n—standard sand, predominantly graded to pass a 850-µm (No. 20) sieve and be retained on a 600-µm (No.
30) sieve.
3.1.2 graded sand, n—standard sand, predominantly graded between the 600-µm (No. 30) sieve and the 150-µm (No. 100)
sieve.
3.1.3 standard sand, n—silica sand, composed almost entirely of naturally rounded grains of nearly pure quartz, used for
preparing mortars in the testing of hydraulic cements.
4. Requirements
4.1 Sand shall meet the requirements of Table 1 with respect to grading, source of sand, and absence of undesirable air
entraining characteristics.
METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING STANDARD SANDS
5. Apparatus
5.1 Sieves—The sieves shall be standard 203-mm (8-in.) diameter, full-height, wire-cloth sieves, conforming to the
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.95 on Coordination of Standards.
Current edition approved May 15, 2006.1, 2012. Published May 2006.June 2012. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20022006 as C778 – 026.
DOI: 10.1520/C0778-06.10.1520/C0778-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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C778 – 12
TABLE 1 Standard Sand Requirements
Characteristics 20-30 Sand Graded Sand
Grading, percent passing sieve:
1.18 mm (No. 16) 100 100
850 µm (No. 20) 85 to 100
600 µm (No. 30) 0 to 5 96 to 100
425 µm (No. 40) 65 to 75
300 µm (No. 50) 20 to 30
150 µm (No. 100) 0 to 4
Difference in air content of mortars made 2.0 1.5B
with washed and unwashed sand, max,
A
%air
Difference in air content of mortars made 2.0 1.5
with washed and unwashed sand, max,
A
%air
Source of sand Ottawa, IL or Ottawa, IL
LeSuer, MN
A
This determination is needed when contamination of sand is suspected as
discussed in 8.1.
B
Compressive strength of Test Method C109/C109M mortar made with Speci-
fication C150 or C595 cement will be reduced approximately 4% for each percent
of air in the compacted cube. However, as many as three batches of washed and
three of unwashed sand may be
...
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