ASTM A981/A981M-11(2016)

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Bond Strength for 0.600-in. [15.24-mm] Diameter Steel Prestressing Strand, Grade 270 [1860], Uncoated, Used in Prestressed Ground Anchors

ABSTRACT
This test method deals with the standard procedures for establishing the relative bond strength of Grade 270 prestressing steel strands of specified diameter in cement grout as used in prestressed ground anchors for evaluating the effects of manufacturing practices on bond strength. The bond strength values obtained shall not be used to design the bond strength of ground anchors that depend on field conditions. This test method is not intended to be used as a bond test for pretensioned concrete applications. The test specimen shall be cut from standard production coils and shall not be wiped or cleaned. Pull test shall be made in accordance with the method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures to establish the relative bond strength of 0.600-in. [15.24-mm] diameter, Grade 270 [1860] steel prestressing strand in cement grout as used in prestressed ground anchors for the purpose of evaluating the effects of manufacturing practices on bond strength.  
1.2 The bond strength values obtained are not intended to be used to design the bond length of ground anchors that depend on field conditions.  
1.3 This test method is not intended to be used as a bond test for prestressed concrete applications.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2016
• ICS: 77.140.65 - Steel wire, wire ropes and link chains
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.05 - Steel Reinforcement

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM A981/A981M-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Bond Strength for 0.600-in. [15.24-mm] Diameter Seven-Wire Steel Strand, Grade 270 [1860], Used in Prestressed Ground Anchors
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2023
• Refers: ASTM C1019-18 - Standard Test Method for Sampling and Testing Grout
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM A416/A416M-17a - Standard Specification for Low-Relaxation, Seven-Wire Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2017
• Refers: ASTM A416/A416M-17 - Standard Specification for Low-Relaxation, Seven-Wire Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-May-2017
• Refers: ASTM A416/A416M-16 - Standard Specification for Low-Relaxation, Seven-Wire Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2016
• Refers: ASTM C1019-16 - Standard Test Method for Sampling and Testing Grout
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Refers: ASTM A416/A416M-15 - Standard Specification for Low-Relaxation, Seven-Wire Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-May-2015
• Refers: ASTM C1019-14 - Standard Test Method for Sampling and Testing Grout
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2014
• Refers: ASTM E4-14 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2014
• Refers: ASTM C511-13 - Standard Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2013
• Refers: ASTM C1019-13 - Standard Test Method for Sampling and Testing Grout
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM A416/A416M-12a - Standard Specification for Steel Strand, Uncoated Seven-Wire for Prestressed Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2012
• Refers: ASTM A416/A416M-12 - Standard Specification for Steel Strand, Uncoated Seven-Wire for Prestressed Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2012
• Refers: ASTM C1019-11 - Standard Test Method for Sampling and Testing Grout
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2011
• Refers: ASTM E4-10 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A981/A981M − 11 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Bond Strength for 0.600-in. [15.24-mm] Diameter
Steel Prestressing Strand, Grade 270 [1860], Uncoated,
Used in Prestressed Ground Anchors
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA981/A981M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
C1019 Test Method for Sampling and Testing Grout
1.1 This test method describes procedures to establish the
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
relativebondstrengthof0.600-in.[15.24-mm]diameter,Grade
270 [1860] steel prestressing strand in cement grout as used in
3. Terminology
prestressed ground anchors for the purpose of evaluating the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
effects of manufacturing practices on bond strength.
3.1.1 bond strength—maximum measured load in a pull test
1.2 Thebondstrengthvaluesobtainedarenotintendedtobe
on a 0.600-in. [15.24-mm] diameter steel prestressing strand
used to design the bond length of ground anchors that depend
embedded in cement grout.
on field conditions.
3.1.2 bonded length—the length of the test strand that is in
1.3 Thistestmethodisnotintendedtobeusedasabondtest
contact with the cement grout.
for prestressed concrete applications.
4. Apparatus
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
be regarded as standard.Within the text, the SI units are shown
4.1 Equipment—A suitable tensile testing machine or load
in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact
frame shall be used. The loading system shall be calibrated in
equivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependently
accordance with Practices E4. The test system shall have
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
sufficient capacity to prevent yielding of its various compo-
result in non-conformance with the standard.
nents and shall ensure that the applied tensile load remains
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the parallel to the axis of the steel prestressing strand during
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the testing.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Strand Displacement Measurements—Displacements of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the free end of the steel prestressing strand shall be measured
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
with respect to the loaded surface of the test specimen using
suitable measurement devices. Dial gages having the smallest
2. Referenced Documents
division of not more than 0.001 in. [25 µm] or linear variable
2.1 ASTM Standards:
differential transformers (LVDTs) with equal or superior accu-
A416/A416M Specification for Low-Relaxation, Seven-
racy are examples of satisfactory devices.
Wire Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete
C150 Specification for Portland Cement 5. Strand Bond Test Specimen
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
5.1 Steel Prestressing Strand—Strand shall be 0.600-in.
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
[15.24-mm] diameter, Grade 270 [1860] and comply with
Specification A416/A416M and shall be cut from standard
production coils prior to packaging. The surface of the test
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
samples shall not be wiped or cleaned in order to preserve their
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.05 on Steel Reinforcement.
original condition. Minimum recommended sample length is
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originally
30 in. [750 mm].
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A981 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/A0981_A098M-11R16.
5.2 Test Specimen Fabrication—The test specimen shall
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
consist of the steel prestressing strand embedded in cement
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
grout and centered inside a steel pipe, 5-in. [125-mm] O.D.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. with a 0.125-in. [3-mm] thick wall, 18-in. [450-mm] long with
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A981/A981M − 11 (2016)
a 6 by 6 by 0.25 in. [150 by 150 by 6 mm] base plate welded shown in Fig. 1. A sealing agent shall be applied around the
to one end of the steel pipe, or otherwise attached with a hole in the base plate to prevent leakage of grout from the
leakproof connection. Other mold designs, including reusable
sample during casting.
molds, shall be permitted, provided that the dimensions and
5.3.1 The grout shall be made solely from fresh portland
confinementinregardtocircumferentialstressprovidedforthe
cement conforming to Specification C150, Type I with a
grout body are the same. A 0.625-in. [16-mm] diameter hole
water/cement ratio of 0.45, by weight. Water shall be potable.
shall be provided in the base plate to allow the strand to pass
The cement shall be added to the water. Mixing of the grout
through. A 2-in. [50-mm] long debonding tube (Note 1) shall
shall continue until the grout is free of lumps and undispersed
be positioned on
...

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A981/A981M − 11 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Bond Strength for 0.600-in. [15.24-mm] Diameter
Steel Prestressing Strand, Grade 270 [1860], Uncoated,
Used in Prestressed Ground Anchors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A981/A981M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
C1019 Test Method for Sampling and Testing Grout
1.1 This test method describes procedures to establish the
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
relative bond strength of 0.600-in. [15.24-mm] diameter, Grade
270 [1860] steel prestressing strand in cement grout as used in
3. Terminology
prestressed ground anchors for the purpose of evaluating the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
effects of manufacturing practices on bond strength.
3.1.1 bond strength—maximum measured load in a pull test
1.2 The bond strength values obtained are not intended to be
on a 0.600-in. [15.24-mm] diameter steel prestressing strand
used to design the bond length of ground anchors that depend
embedded in cement grout.
on field conditions.
3.1.2 bonded length—the length of the test strand that is in
1.3 This test method is not intended to be used as a bond test
contact with the cement grout.
for prestressed concrete applications.
4. Apparatus
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown
4.1 Equipment—A suitable tensile testing machine or load
in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact
frame shall be used. The loading system shall be calibrated in
equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently
accordance with Practices E4. The test system shall have
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
sufficient capacity to prevent yielding of its various compo-
result in non-conformance with the standard.
nents and shall ensure that the applied tensile load remains
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the parallel to the axis of the steel prestressing strand during
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the testing.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Strand Displacement Measurements—Displacements of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the free end of the steel prestressing strand shall be measured
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
with respect to the loaded surface of the test specimen using
suitable measurement devices. Dial gages having the smallest
2. Referenced Documents
division of not more than 0.001 in. [25 µm] or linear variable
2.1 ASTM Standards:
differential transformers (LVDTs) with equal or superior accu-
A416/A416M Specification for Low-Relaxation, Seven-
racy are examples of satisfactory devices.
Wire Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete
C150 Specification for Portland Cement 5. Strand Bond Test Specimen
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
5.1 Steel Prestressing Strand—Strand shall be 0.600-in.
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
[15.24-mm] diameter, Grade 270 [1860] and comply with
Specification A416/A416M and shall be cut from standard
production coils prior to packaging. The surface of the test
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
samples shall not be wiped or cleaned in order to preserve their
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.05 on Steel Reinforcement.
original condition. Minimum recommended sample length is
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originally
30 in. [750 mm].
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A981 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/A0981_A098M-11R16.
5.2 Test Specimen Fabrication—The test specimen shall
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
consist of the steel prestressing strand embedded in cement
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
grout and centered inside a steel pipe, 5-in. [125-mm] O.D.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. with a 0.125-in. [3-mm] thick wall, 18-in. [450-mm] long with
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A981/A981M − 11 (2016)
a 6 by 6 by 0.25 in. [150 by 150 by 6 mm] base plate welded shown in Fig. 1. A sealing agent shall be applied around the
to one end of the steel pipe, or otherwise attached with a
hole in the base plate to prevent leakage of grout from the
leakproof connection. Other mold designs, including reusable sample during casting.
molds, shall be permitted, provided that the dimensions and
5.3.1 The grout shall be made solely from fresh portland
confinement in regard to circumferential stress provided for the
cement conforming to Specification C150, Type I with a
grout body are the same. A 0.625-in. [16-mm] diameter hole
water/cement ratio of 0.45, by weight. Water shall be potable.
shall be provided in the base plate to allow the strand to pass
The cement shall be added to the water. Mixing of the grout
through. A 2-in. [50-mm] long debonding tube (Note 1) shall
shall continue until the grout is free of lumps and undispersed
be positioned on the strand above the base plate and the strand
cement. The grout then shall be
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A981/A981M − 11 A981/A981M − 11 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Bond Strength for 0.600-in. [15.24-mm] Diameter
Steel Prestressing Strand, Grade 270 [1860], Uncoated,
Used in Prestressed Ground Anchors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A981/A981M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes procedures to establish the relative bond strength of 0.600-in. [15.24-mm] diameter, Grade 270
[1860] steel prestressing strand in cement grout as used in prestressed ground anchors for the purpose of evaluating the effects of
manufacturing practices on bond strength.
1.2 The bond strength values obtained are not intended to be used to design the bond length of ground anchors that depend on
field conditions.
1.3 This test method is not intended to be used as a bond test for prestressed concrete applications.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown
in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of
the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A416/A416M Specification for Low-Relaxation, Seven-Wire Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
Cements and Concretes
C1019 Test Method for Sampling and Testing Grout
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 bond strength—maximum measured load in a pull test on a 0.600-in. [15.24-mm] diameter steel prestressing strand
embedded in cement grout.
3.1.2 bonded length—the length of the test strand that is in contact with the cement grout.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Equipment—A suitable tensile testing machine or load frame shall be used. The loading system shall be calibrated in
accordance with Practices E4. The test system shall have sufficient capacity to prevent yielding of its various components and shall
ensure that the applied tensile load remains parallel to the axis of the steel prestressing strand during testing.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.05
on Steel Reinforcement.
Current edition approved April 1, 2011Sept. 1, 2016. Published May 2011September 2016. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20072011 as
A981 – 97 (2007).A981 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/A0981_A098M-11.10.1520/A0981_A098M-11R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A981/A981M − 11 (2016)
4.2 Strand Displacement Measurements—Displacements of the free end of the steel prestressing strand shall be measured with
respect to the loaded surface of the test specimen using suitable measurement devices. Dial gages having the smallest division of
not more than 0.001 in. [25 μm] or linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) with equal or superior accuracy are examples
of satisfactory devices.
5. Strand Bond Test Specimen
5.1 Steel Prestressing Strand—Strand shall be 0.600-in. [15.24-mm] diameter, Grade 270 [1860] and comply with Specification
A416/A416M and shall be cut from standard production coils prior to packaging. The surface of the test samples shall not be wiped
or cleaned in order to preserve their original condition. Minimum recommended sample length is 30 in. [750 mm].
5.2 Test Specimen Fabrication—The test specimen shall consist of the steel prestressing strand embedded in cement grout and
centered inside a steel pipe, 5-in. [125-mm] O.D. with a 0.125-in. [3-mm] thick wall, 18-in. [450-mm] long with a 6 by 6 by 0.25
in. [150 by 150 by 6 mm] base plate welded to one end of the steel pipe, or otherwise attached with a leakproof connection. Other
mold designs, including reusable molds, shall be permitted, provided that the dimensions and confinement in regard to
circumferential stress provided for the grout body are the same. A 0.625-in. [16-mm] diameter hole shall be provided in the base
plate to allow the strand to pass through. A 2-in. [50-mm] long debonding tube (Note 1) shall be positioned on the strand above
the base plate and the strand shall protrude at least 2 6 0.5 in. [50 6 10 mm] from the top of the grouted steel tube. A typical
test specimen is illustrated in Fig. 1.
FIG. 1 Untensioned Strand Specimen
A981/A981M − 11 (2016)
NOTE 1—Polyethylene, trademark Styrofoam, or similar material are commonly used for
...