ASTM F2913-19

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Friction for Evaluation of Slip Performance of Footwear and Test Surfaces/Flooring Using a Whole Shoe Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This non-proprietary laboratory test method allows for the reproducible testing of whole footwear and footwear-related soling materials for evaluating relative slip performance. Other ASTM test methods generally employ a standardized test foot primarily for evaluation of flooring materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 determines the dynamic coefficient of friction between footwear and floorings under reproducible laboratory conditions for evaluating relative slip performance. The method is applicable to all types of footwear, outsole units, heel top lifts and sheet soling materials, also to most types of floorings, including matting and stair nosing, and surface contaminants on the flooring surface, including but not limited to liquid water, ice, oil and grease. The method may also be applied to surfaces such as block pavers, turf and gravel.  
1.2 Special purpose footwear or fittings containing spikes, metal studs or similar may be tested on appropriate surfaces but the method does not fully take account of the risk of tripping due to footwear/ground interlock.  
1.3 The values stated in the ASTM test method in metrics are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2018
• ICS: 61.060 - Footwear
• ICS: 97.150 - Floor coverings
• Technical Committee: F13 - Pedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear
• Drafting Committee: F13.30 - Footwear

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F2913-17 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Friction for Evaluation of Slip Performance of Footwear and Test Surfaces/Flooring Using a Whole Shoe Tester
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM F2508-16 - Standard Practice for Validation, Calibration, and Certification of Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Refers: ASTM F2508-16e1 - Standard Practice for Validation, Calibration, and Certification of Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Refers: ASTM F1646-16 - Standard Terminology Relating to Walkway Safety and Footwear
• Effective Date: 15-May-2016
• Refers: ASTM F2508-15 - Standard Practice for Validation, Calibration, and Certification of Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces
• Effective Date: 01-May-2015
• Refers: ASTM E177-14 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-May-2014
• Refers: ASTM E691-13 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM E177-13 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM F2508-13 - Standard Practice for Validation, Calibration, and Certification of Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2013
• Refers: ASTM F1646-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Safety and Traction for Footwear
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2013
• Refers: ASTM F2508-12a - Standard Practice for Validation, Calibration, and Certification of Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM F2508-12 - Standard Practice for Validation, Calibration, and Certification of Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2012
• Refers: ASTM F1646-12 - Standard Terminology Relating to Safety and Traction for Footwear
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Refers: ASTM E691-11 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2011
• Refers: ASTM F2508-11 - Standard Practice for Validation and Calibration of Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2011

Overview

ASTM F2913-19 is the Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Friction for Evaluation of Slip Performance of Footwear and Test Surfaces/Flooring Using a Whole Shoe Tester. Published by ASTM International, this standard delivers a reproducible laboratory method for assessing the dynamic coefficient of friction (COF) between footwear specimens and flooring surfaces. While most existing ASTM methods focus on evaluating flooring materials using standardized test feet, ASTM F2913-19 specifically tests actual footwear, soling materials, outsole units, heel top lifts, and even accommodates various floor contaminant conditions.

This method is essential for footwear manufacturers, flooring producers, safety professionals, and testing laboratories that require reliable slip resistance testing results under controlled conditions. It applies to a wide range of materials, including matting, stair nosing, block pavers, turf, and gravel, and evaluates slip performance in both dry and contaminated situations, such as the presence of water, oil, grease, or ice.

Key Topics

• Dynamic Coefficient of Friction (COF): The central metric for quantifying footwear and flooring slip performance. The test records the friction between a whole shoe and the test surface under defined force and speed.
• Scope and Applicability: Covers all types of footwear and associated materials, as well as most flooring types commonly found in pedestrian pathways and workplaces.
• Contaminant Testing: The method allows testing under various surface conditions, including dry, wet, oily, or ice-covered surfaces, aiding in real-world risk analysis.
• Standardization and Calibration: Utilizes reference surfaces and standardized materials such as Slider 96 to ensure results are comparable across laboratories.
• Test Modes: The approach evaluates footwear in different slip scenarios, such as forward heel slip, backward forepart slip, and forward flat slip, reflecting common slip incident dynamics.

Applications

• Product Development: Footwear designers and manufacturers use the test to compare different soling materials, support regulatory compliance, and optimize slip-resistant properties for specific target markets (e.g., occupational footwear, sports shoes, children’s shoes).
• Flooring Evaluation: Flooring producers and facility managers can assess slip risk for different material finishes and under various contamination scenarios, supporting product selection and maintenance planning.
• Safety Assessments: Health and safety officers use the data to inform risk reduction strategies in workplaces, retail, public transport, and other pedestrian environments where slips and falls present hazards.
• Certification and Compliance: The standard provides objective measurements required by procurement specifications or as evidence in legal settings relating to slip, trip, and fall incidents.
• Research and Development: Testing labs and academic researchers use the method for developing new anti-slip technologies for both footwear and flooring.

Related Standards

• ASTM E177: Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods, supporting the statistical treatment of test data.
• ASTM E691: Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method.
• ASTM F1646: Terminology Relating to Walkway Safety and Footwear.
• ASTM F2508: Practice for Validation, Calibration, and Certification of Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces.
• BS EN ISO 4287: Surface Texture-Profile method for defining flooring texture parameters.
• EN 10088-2: Technical delivery requirements for corrosion-resistant steel.
• ISO 13287: Methods for evaluating slip resistance of footwear.

Adhering to ASTM F2913-19 promotes consistent, repeatable measurement practices and supports global safety initiatives in footwear and flooring industries. By addressing diverse conditions and products, this standard is central to reducing slip and fall accidents in workplaces and public spaces.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2913 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Coefficient of Friction for Evaluation of Slip
Performance of Footwear and Test Surfaces/Flooring Using
a Whole Shoe Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2913; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2 3
1.1 This test method determines the dynamic coefficient of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
friction between footwear and floorings under reproducible
laboratory conditions for evaluating relative slip performance. ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Themethodisapplicabletoalltypesoffootwear,outsoleunits,
heel top lifts and sheet soling materials, also to most types of Determine the Precision of a Test Method
F1646 Terminology Relating to Walkway Safety and Foot-
floorings, including matting and stair nosing, and surface
contaminants on the flooring surface, including but not limited wear
F2508 Practice for Validation, Calibration, and Certification
to liquid water, ice, oil and grease. The method may also be
applied to surfaces such as block pavers, turf and gravel. of Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces
2.2 Other References:
1.2 Special purpose footwear or fittings containing spikes,
BS EN ISO 4287 Geometrical product specification (GPS).
metalstudsorsimilarmaybetestedonappropriatesurfacesbut
Surface texture: Profile method. Terms, definitions and
the method does not fully take account of the risk of tripping
surface texture parameters
due to footwear/ground interlock.
EN 10088-2 Stainless steels - Part 2: Technical delivery
1.3 The values stated in the ASTM test method in metrics
conditions for sheet/plate and strip of corrosion resisting
are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses
steels for general purposes
are for information.
F2913-11 Slip test training video
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the ISO 13287
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 For general definitions of terms, refer to the Terminol-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ogy F1646.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2 Definitions:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.1 footbed (removable), n—also known as ‘insock,’ a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
component typically made of a foam material with a leather or
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
fabric cover/sockliner and often shaped or contoured covering
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the entire insole board which can be inserted between the foot
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and insole board.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F13 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Pedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear and is the direct responsibility of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Subcommittee F13.30 on Footwear. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019. Published January 2019. Originally Available from British Standards Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F2913 – 17. DOI: London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsigroup.com.
10.1520/F2913-19. Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue
This standard is derived from SATRA TM144, Friction {Slip Resistance} of Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu.
Footwear and Floorings, copyright SATRA Technology Centre Ltd., Kettering Available at ASTM F13 web page http://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/
Northamptonshire, NN16 8SD, United Kingdom.
F13.htm, under Additional Links.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2913 − 19
3.2.2 slider, n—flat rectangular specimen used in calibrating
test surfaces (see 10.5.1) or a circular test specimen prepared
from footwear sheet materials (see Note 2), or both.
3.2.3 slider 96, n—a pre-described rectangular test speci-
men intended for use in calibrating test surfaces (see 10.5.1).
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The footwear item and underfoot surface are brought
into contact, subjected to a specified vertical force for a short
period of static contact then moved horizontally relative to one
another at a constant speed. The horizontal frictional force is
measured at a given time after movement starts and the
FIG. 1 Example of Footwear Mounted Using 7° Wedge to Set
dynamic coefficient of friction is calculated for the particular
Proper Contact Angle
conditions of the test.
TABLE 1 Vertical Load to be Applied in Slip Test Run
5. Significance and Use
Full Load
to be
Footwear Item
5.1 This non-proprietary laboratory test method allows for
Applied
the reproducible testing of whole footwear and footwear- (N)
related soling materials for evaluating relative slip perfor- Footwear and finished soles of size US size 7.5 men’s and 8.5 500±25
women’s, (Paris Points 40) (UK size 6.5) and above
mance. Other ASTM test methods generally employ a stan-
dardizedtestfootprimarilyforevaluationofflooringmaterials.
Footwear and finished soles of sizes below US size 7.5 men’s 400±20
and 8,5 women’s (Paris Points 40) (UK size 6.5)
6. Apparatus
Top-pieces and sole materials intended for men’s footwear 500 ± 25
6.1 Slip tester capable of performing the required test.
Top-pieces and sole materials intended for women’s, children’s 400±20
and infant’s footwear
6.2 A means of conditioning the test specimens and the
standardreferencematerialsagainstwhichthespecimensareto
be tested, prior to the test at 23 6 2°C and 50 6 5% RH and
of carrying out the test at 23 6 2°C.
6.9 A means of sliding the test surface relative to the
6.3 Ameansofsecurelymountingthefootwear,outsole,top
footwear, sole unit, top lift, or slider at a speed of 0.3 6 0.03
lift, or slider.
m/s commencing within 0.2 s after a vertical load of 50 N is
achieved. Sliding shall not start until full vertical force is
6.4 Aflat rigid horizontal surface mount of minimum width
achieved, see Fig. 2. The footwear test specimen may be
150 mm and minimum length 450 mm, to which the test
constrained while the test floor is moved relative to it, or vice
underfoot surface, hereafter termed the test surface, shall be
versa.
securely mounted.
NOTE 1—A device may be used to entrap lubricant within the
6.10 Ameans of measuring time with a resolution of 0.01 s
footwear/surfacecontactareatoensurethattherequireddepthoflubricant
(graph should have tick marks every 0.01 s) or better.
is maintained.
6.11 A means of measuring:
6.5 A means of holding the footwear, sole unit, top lift, or
6.11.1 The continuous vertical force exerted on the test
slider clear of the test surface between test measurements
specimen, with an accuracy of2%or better.
without contact with any other surfaces.
6.11.2 The continuous horizontal frictional force, with an
6.6 A means of adjusting the angle between the footwear,
accuracy of2%or better, exerted on the test specimen
sole unit, top lift, or slider and the test surface so that the
measured in the plane of the surface of the test surface.
required contact angle can be achieved, and a means of
6.11.3 The displacement of the moving item, test surface or
adjusting the contact point horizontally with respect to the line
footwear, sole unit, top lift, or slider, to the nearest 1 mm.
of action of the vertical force when required.
6.12 The apparatus comprising elements 6.2 – 6.10 shall be
6.7 Arigid wedge of minimum dimensions 80 mm wide by
sufficiently rugged to prevent vibration.
120 mm long shall be used to set the contact angle of 7.0 6
7. Hazards
0.5°betweenfootwear,soleunitorsliderandtestsurfacewhen
required. See Fig. 1.
7.1 Care should be used when working with mechanical
equipment. Attention to be given to preventing a pinch hazard
6.8 A mechanism for lowering the footwear, sole unit, top
while in operation.
lift, or slider onto the test surface and applying a steadily
increasing downward force, including the weight of the test
8. Sampling and Test Specimens
specimen and its mounting, at a rate that enables the required
full force—either 400 620Nor500 6 25 N (see Table 1)to 8.1 For footwear items (footwear, sole units, top lifts, or
be achieved within 0.2 s of reaching 50 N. sliders), see 10.9. It is suggested that circular sliders used to
F2913 − 19
Key:
A – 50 N reached
B – Full force achieved and relative movement started within 0.2 s after ‘A’
C – Snapshot value of horizontal force taken at (0.1 6 0.01) s after the start of sliding movement
D – Snapshot value of vertical force taken at (0.1 6 0.01) s after the start of sliding movement
FIG. 2 Test Chart Showing Sequence of Events in a Typical Test Run
FIG. 3 Example of Test Apparatus
of the test.Appropriate flooring items and footwear items respectively are
represent top lifts for everyday footwear should 76 61mm
selected as the reference materials against which the test item is to be
diameter and minimum thickness of 5 mm.Asmaller diameter
tested.
may be appropriate to represent the top lift of women’s fashion
footwear. The shape and size of slider used shall be docu-
9. Preparation of Apparatus, Test Specimens and Test
mented within the test report (see 14.1.2.1).
Surfaces
NOTE 2—Sliders are generally samples of soling material cut to size
9.1 Prepare and condition standard reference materials (test
from a larger sample.
surfaces and/or test sliders) according to 10.6 and Section 11.
8.2 For test surfaces, see 10.3; for contaminants/lubricants,
9.2 Prepare and condition footwear, sole unit, top lift, or
see 10.4.
NOTE 3—Either the footwear item or the test surface may be the subject slider according to 10.9.
F2913 − 19
9.3 Fit and secure the prepared test surface onto the rigid 10.1.7 Transient surfaces such as natural grass and ice
surface mount. If more than one test surface specimen is shouldbecharacterizedbyothermeansasappropriate,describ-
required to achieve a test track of at least 40 mm, position the
ing in full detail in the report how the surface was made,
joint(s) outside the area traversed during the test run. prepared, and characterized. In general such surfaces will be
damaged or changed by the action of the test so it may not be
9.4 Securely fit the prepared footwear, sole unit, top lift, or
practicable to quantify their friction against a standard slider
slider to an appropriate mounting.
nor to perform multiple measurements on the same sample.
9.5 Lower the footwear, sole unit, top lift, or slider into
10.1.8 All test surfaces should be stored carefully: do not
contact with the test surface under its own weight. Adjust the
stack specimens on top of each other. When handling test
alignment and angle of the footwear, sole unit or slider to
surface samples, hold them by the edges and also do not touch
conform to one of the test modes defined in 12.6.1.
the test surface of the tiles.
9.6 Fully tighten all mounting adjustments and lift the
10.1.9 Cleaning procedures for test materials are given in
footwear,soleunit,toplift,orsliderawayfromthetestsurface.
10.10.
9.7 Apply contaminant if required (see 10.5).
10.2 Additional Apparatus:
9.8 Activate the data recording system.
10.2.1 For retaining friable, weak or loose surfaces such as
9.9 Bring the footwear, sole unit, top lift, or slider into
natural grass or gravel, a walled tray that will locate on the
contact with the test surface and apply the required vertical
horizontal surface of the friction test apparatus and is suffi-
force as specified in Table 1.
ciently large that no part of the footwear or footwear materials
beingtestedwillcomeintocontactwiththetrayduringthetest.
10. Calibration and Standardization—Test Surfaces
Aflat rigid plate 5 mm less in length and in width than the tray
(Floorings) and Lubricants
that is used for consolidating friable, weak or loose surfaces
10.1 General Information:
such as natural grass or gravel.
10.1.1 Any type of test surface and lubricant may be used
10.2.1.1 Ameans of applying a vertical load to the center of
provided it can be mounted without interfering with the action
the plate shall be laid on the surface, which should be evenly
of the test.
distributed in the tray, and a vertical load applied through the
10.1.2 Test surfaces shall be of uniform mean thickness,
center of the plate. The area of the plate and the total load
allowing for any surface pattern, and have minimum dimen-
applied should be recorded.
sions of 220 by 120 mm.
10.3 Test Surface:
10.1.3 When evaluating an extruded or rolled product,
7,8
where possible, cut the surface material either:
10.3.1 Flat unglazed clay quarry tile that is wider than the
10.1.3.1 Parallel to the process direction,
test specimen and long enough to allow a sliding distance of at
10.1.3.2 Perpendicular to the process direction, or
least 75 mm without crossing a joint.
10.1.3.3 At 45° to the process direction.
10.3.1.1 Sufficiently flat to allow it to be secured on the
mounting table such that no movement occurs between the tile
NOTE 4—Where the process direction is not known, the directions
should be referenced in relation to some other distinguishing feature on and mounting table during the test.
the flooring.
10.3.1.2 Has a ribbed profile or directional marking on the
10.1.4 Whenevaluatingwornsurfacesitmaybeappropriate
underside to identify the direction in which the tile should be
to evaluate these items in directions aligned with any patterns
aligned (with the ribs parallel to the sliding direction).
of wear in addition to the normal modes of testing.
10.3.1.3 Conforms to the values specified in Table 2 when
10.1.5 When preparing the surfaces to be used as reference
calibrated by the Slider 96 method (see 10.5).
materials for testing footwear or footwear materials, the
10.3.1.4 Calibration of the tiles should be checked, after
surfaces shall be calibrated in the direction in which they are to
every 10 tests or prior to each day of testing whichever is the
be evaluated.
less frequent, to ensure that they are not being worn smooth or
10.1.5.1 Determination of standard COF test values against
otherwise damaged. However, if experience shows that the
a Slider 96 slider in 10.5,or
friction properties of the test floor are not strongly influenced
10.1.5.2 Specification of surface roughness in 10.8.2.
by repeated testing then calibration intervals may be extended.
10.1.6 Other floors used for comparing performance of
10.3.2 Ceramic Tile, such as Eurotile 2 as defined in EN
footwear or footwear materials should be characterized by
ISO 13287 or the reference surfaces defined in Practice F2508.
testing against Slider 96 rubber to establish the nominal
10.3.3 Stainless Steel Plate:
performance level of the flooring for future reference.
TABLE 2 Coefficient of Friction Range for Calibrated
The sole source of supply of the tile (reference STM 603 Quarry Tile) known
Quarry Tiles
to the committee at this time is SATRA Technology Centre, Kettering,
Dry COF Wet COF
Northamptonshire, NN16 8SD, United Kingdom.
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
Minimum 0.57 0.43
Maximum 0.63 0.49 ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
F2913 − 19
must not be used). It is recommended that Slider 96 sliders are discarded
10.3.3.1 Such as steel Number 1.4301, Type 2G (cold
12 months after issue.
rolled, ground) conforming to EN 10088-2 or AISA Type
9,8
304. 10.5.1.1 Slider 96 rubber may be supplied pre-molded in a
10.3.3.2 That when calibrated by the roughness method suitable size and form. However, if larger sheets of Slider 96
which gives an overall mean value of R from all 10 locations rubber are obtained then a means is required of cutting a
z
of between 1.6 µm and 2.5 µm, as described in 10.8. rectangular test specimen such that it has vertical walls, square
10.3.4 Other Test Surfaces,includingsuchcommonlyfound edges, is 25.4 6 1.0 mm wide and at least 50 mm long. A
flooring materials as vinyl, wood, carpet, GRP (glass rein- means of trimming specimens parallel to the 25.4 mm edge
forced plastic), concrete, etc., shall consist of a flat sheet of while retaining a vertical wall and square edge may also be
material or set of tiles wider and longer than the test specimen required.
and long enough to allow a sliding distance of at least 75 mm. 10.5.2 Arigid, rectangular backing plate with dimensions at
The test surface may be calibrated or characterized as appro- least as wide as the specimen cut with the device and at least
priate by the Slider 96 method (see 10.5), surface roughness 50 mm long.
wherepossibleandthenshallbecheckedatappropriateregular 10.5.3 A means of securely attaching a specimen of Slider
intervals. A full description of the surface should be given in 96 rubber to the backing plate. Suitable adhesives include:
the test report (14.1.2.2).
epoxy resins, cyanoacrylate or solvent based contact adhesive.
The face to be bonded should be lightly abraded with abrasive
10.4 Test Surface Condition:
paperthencleanedbyblowingwithcleanairorbywipingwith
10.4.1 Dry.
a suitable solvent such as methanol and allowing to dry in air
10.4.2 Wet—Distilled or deionized water shall be applied to
before bonding.
the flooring to thoroughly wet the test surface.
10.4.3 Detergent—solution, containing a mass fraction of
NOTE6—Double-sidetapemaybesuitableforslidersapproximately75
0.5 % sodium lauryl sulfate in distilled or deionized water. mm or more in length.
Shall be applied to the flooring to thoroughly wet the test
10.5.4 A means of attaching the specimen backing plate to
surface.
the test apparatus at the required contact angle.
10.4.4 Oily—0.5 6 0.02 g (approximately 20 drops) of
NOTE 7—A rectangular metal box of dimensions 180 by 90 by 90 mm
vegetable oil. Type of vegetable oil must to be detailed in the
withthebackingplateattachedtoitcanbeusedtoreplacetheshoemaking
test report examples include corn, soy, canola etc. Shall be
last.
applied by smearing the vegetable oil over a 150 by 150 mm
10.5.5 400 grit silicon carbide abrasive paper mounted on a
area of the flooring.
flat, rigid surface.
10.4.5 Oily Wet—0.2 6 0.02 g (approximately 8 drops) of
10.5.6 Dry, absorbent paper towel.
vegetable oil with distilled or deionized water. Type of veg-
10.5.7 Floor surface as specified in 10.3.
etableoilmusttobedetailedinthetestreportexamplesinclude
10.6 Preparation of Test Slider and Test Surface:
corn, soy, canola etc. Shall be applied by smearing the
vegetable oil over a 150 by 150 mm area of the flooring and 10.6.1 If necessary, cut to size a specimen of Slider 96
thoroughly wet the oily test surface with distilled or deionized rubberusingthedeviceandcleanusingdistilledwaterthendry
water. in air.
10.4.6 Other Lubricants, as might be found on pedestrian or
NOTE 8—If other contamination such as oil has occurred, use soap
workplace underfoot surfaces. A full description of the lubri-
solution and distilled water to clean the specimen.
cant and application method shall be given in the test report
10.6.2 Attach the specimen of Slider 96 to the backing plate
(14.1.2.2).
using adhesive.
10.5 Calibration Procedure for Test Surfaces by Slider 96
10.6.3 Holding the specimen by the backing plate and
Method—Materials and Apparatus:
applying a light, evenly distributed pressure abrade the surface
10.5.1 Material ‘Slider 96’ of calibrated hardness: 96 6 2
of the rubber against the abrasive paper until a visually even
IRHD measured value at 23 6 2°C and specified resilience
levelofabrasionisachievedandthesurfaceisparallelwiththe
(Lupke BS903-A8:1990) of 24 6 2 % at 23°C. Required
backing plate. For this procedure alternately use a backward
specimen size: 25.4 mm wide, at least 50 mm long and greater
and forward linear movement in a direction parallel to the long
than 5 mm thick. The walls shall be vertical and the edges
side of the specimen, and a side to side movement in a
square.
perpendicular direction with the final direction of abrasion
parallel to the long side.
NOTE 5—Storage of Slider 96 rubber: storage temperature should be
10.6.4 Remove any debris from the test slider surface by
below 25°C and preferably below 15°C; moist conditions should be
avoided, and conditions should be such that condensation does not occur;
lightly brushing with dry paper towel or soft brush.
protect from light, particularly direct sunlight and strong artificial light;
10.6.5 Clean the test surface in accordance with 10.10.
protect from circulating air by wrapping or storing in air tight containers
10.6.6 Attach the plate with Slider 96 to the rectangular
(paper and polythene are both suitable; however, plasticized PVC film
metal box. See Fig. 4.
NOTE 9—(1) The condition of the Slider 96 test slider must be restored
at intervals as repeated use will cause edges to become rounded or a
The sole source of supply of the plate (reference STM 603S) known to the
committee at this time is SATRA Technology Centre Ltd., Kettering, concave chamfer may develop across the tested edge. Either use the
Northamptonshire, NN16 8SD, United Kingdom. abrasion methods described above to restore the slider to the correct
F2913 − 19
FIG. 4 Orientation and Setting of Contact Angle Using 7° Wedge for Slider 96
condition and/or cut away the affected end section of material, providing
10.8.1.2 Capable of sampling overa4mm length of test
at least 50 mm length remains and the new cut edge is vertical and flat. (2)
surface divided into 5 cut-off lengths of 0.8 mm, and
Both ends of the slider may be used provided that the end used is in the
10.8.1.3 Capable of measuring the maximum peak to valley
correct condition. (3)When the thickness of the slider has been reduced to
height within each of the five cut-off lengths and reporting the
5 mm by repeated use, the slider shall be replaced.
average value, R , as specified in BS EN ISO 4287.
z
10.7 Calibration Test Procedure:
10.8.2 Calibration procedure for surfaces by roughness
10.7.1 Condition the quarry tiles, or other flooring and the
method.
test slider for at least3hatthe test atmosphere.
10.8.2.1 Measure the surface roughness R according to BS
10.7.2 Attach the test slider to the test machine so that the
z
EN ISO 4287 but with a sample length 0.8 mm in 10 locations
25.4 mm edge is perpendicular to the direction of sliding
in the area where slip measurements are made in the direction
movement and the line of action of the vertical force passes
parallel to the sliding movement taking five sampling lengths
through the Slider 96 rubber–tile contact area.
per location (evaluation length 4.0 mm).
10.7.3 Set the face of the test slider at a contact angle of 7
6 0.5° to the test surface with 2 to 3 mm of the wedge 10.8.2.2 Calculate the overall mean value for R from all 10
z
protruding beyond the rearmost contact point of the Slider 96
locations.
with the face of the wedge (Fig. 4).
10.8.2.3 If the value of R is within the specified range
z
10.7.4 Mount the tile in accordance with 9.3.
accept the surface and record the value obtained.
10.7.5 Apply the test conditions specified in 6.8 for the
10.8.2.4 If the value of R is outside the specified range
z
forward heel slip mode, applying a 500 N normal force.
reject the surface.
10.7.6 Carry out the test procedure defined in 12.7 and
NOTE 10—When the roughness parameter for the steel surface does not
determine the coefficient of friction of the tile in a single test
conform to this specification, the s
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2913 − 17 F2913 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Coefficient of Friction for Evaluation of Slip
Performance of Footwear and Test Surfaces/Flooring Using
a Whole Shoe Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2913; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the dynamic coefficient of friction between footwear and floorings under reproducible
laboratory conditions for evaluating relative slip performance. The method is applicable to all types of footwear, outsole units, heel
top lifts and sheet soling materials, also to most types of floorings, including matting and stair nosing, and surface contaminants
on the flooring surface, including but not limited to liquid water, ice, oil and grease. The method may also be applied to surfaces
such as block pavers, turf and gravel.
1.2 Special purpose footwear or fittings containing spikes, metal studs or similar may be tested on appropriate surfaces but the
method does not fully take account of the risk of tripping due to footwear/ground interlock.
1.3 The values stated in the ASTM test method in metrics are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for
information.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
F1646 Terminology Relating to Walkway Safety and Footwear
F2508 Practice for Validation, Calibration, and Certification of Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces
2.2 Other References:
BS EN ISO 4287 Geometrical product specification (GPS). Surface texture: Profile method. Terms, definitions and surface
texture parameters
EN 10088-2 Stainless steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip of corrosion resisting steels for
general purposes
F2913-11 Slip test training video
ISO 13287
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F13 on Pedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F13.30
on Footwear.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017Jan. 1, 2019. Published November 2017January 2019. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20112017
as F2913 – 11.F2913 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/F2913-17.10.1520/F2913-19.
This standard is derived from SATRA TM144, Friction {Slip Resistance} of Footwear and Floorings, copyright SATRA Technology Centre Ltd., Kettering
Northamptonshire, NN16 8SD, United Kingdom.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from British Standards Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsigroup.com.
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu.
Available at ASTM F13 web page http://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F13.htm, under Additional Links.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2913 − 19
3. Terminology
3.1 For general definitions of terms, refer to the Terminology F1646.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 footbed (removable), n—also known as ‘insock,’ a component typically made of a foam material with a leather or fabric
cover/sockliner and often shaped or contoured covering the entire insole board which can be inserted between the foot and insole
board.
3.2.2 slider, n—flat rectangular specimen used in calibrating test surfaces (see 10.5.1) or a circular test specimen prepared from
footwear sheet materials (see Note 2), or both.
3.2.3 slider 96, n—a pre-described rectangular test specimen intended for use in calibrating test surfaces (see 10.5.1).
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The footwear item and underfoot surface are brought into contact, subjected to a specified vertical force for a short period
of static contact then moved horizontally relative to one another at a constant speed. The horizontal frictional force is measured
at a given time after movement starts and the dynamic coefficient of friction is calculated for the particular conditions of the test.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This non-proprietary laboratory test method allows for the reproducible testing of whole footwear and footwear-related
soling materials for evaluating relative slip performance. Other ASTM test methods generally employ a standardized test foot
primarily for evaluation of flooring materials.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Slip tester capable of performing the required test.
6.2 A means of conditioning the test specimens and the standard reference materials against which the specimens are to be
tested, prior to the test at 23 6 2°C and 50 6 5% RH and of carrying out the test at 23 6 2°C.
6.3 A means of securely mounting the footwear, outsole, top lift, or slider.
6.4 A flat rigid horizontal surface mount of minimum width 150 mm and minimum length 450 mm, to which the test underfoot
surface, hereafter termed the test surface, shall be securely mounted.
NOTE 1—A device may be used to entrap lubricant within the footwear/surface contact area to ensure that the required depth of lubricant is maintained.
6.5 A means of holding the footwear, sole unit, top lift, or slider clear of the test surface between test measurements without
contact with any other surfaces.
6.6 A means of adjusting the angle between the footwear, sole unit, top lift, or slider and the test surface so that the required
contact angle can be achieved, and a means of adjusting the contact point horizontally with respect to the line of action of the
vertical force when required.
6.7 A rigid wedge of minimum dimensions 80 mm wide by 120 mm long shall be used to set the contact angle of 7.0 6 0.5°
between footwear, sole unit or slider and test surface when required. See Fig. 1.
6.8 A mechanism for lowering the footwear, sole unit, top lift, or slider onto the test surface and applying a steadily increasing
downward force, including the weight of the test specimen and its mounting, at a rate that enables the required full force—either
400 6 20 N or 500 6 25 N (see Table 1) to be achieved within 0.2 s of reaching 50 N.
6.9 A means of sliding the test surface relative to the footwear, sole unit, top lift, or slider at a speed of 0.3 6 0.03 m/s
commencing within 0.2 s after a vertical load of 50 N is achieved. Sliding shall not start until full vertical force is achieved, see
Fig. 2. The footwear test specimen may be constrained while the test floor is moved relative to it, or vice versa.
FIG. 1 Example of Footwear Mounted Using 7° Wedge to Set Proper Contact Angle
F2913 − 19
TABLE 1 Vertical Load to be Applied in Slip Test Run
Full Load
to be
Footwear Item
Applied
(N)
Footwear and finished soles of size US size 7.5 men’s and 8.5 500 ± 25
women’s, (Paris Points 40) (UK size 6.5) and above
Footwear and finished soles of sizes below US size 7.5 men’s 400 ± 20
and 8,5 women’s (Paris Points 40) (UK size 6.5)
Top-pieces and sole materials intended for men’s footwear 500 ± 25
Top-pieces and sole materials intended for women’s, children’s 400 ± 20
and infant’s footwear
6.10 A means of measuring time with a resolution of 0.01 s (graph should have tick marks every 0.01 s) or better.
6.11 A means of measuring:
6.11.1 The continuous vertical force exerted on the test specimen, with an accuracy of 2 % or better.
6.11.2 The continuous horizontal frictional force, with an accuracy of 2 % or better, exerted on the test specimen measured in
the plane of the surface of the test surface.
6.11.3 The displacement of the moving item, test surface or footwear, sole unit, top lift, or slider, to the nearest 1 mm.
6.12 The apparatus comprising elements 6.2 – 6.10 shall be sufficiently rugged to prevent vibration.
7. Hazards
7.1 Care should be used when working with mechanical equipment. Attention to be given to preventing a pinch hazard while
in operation.
8. Sampling and Test Specimens
8.1 For footwear items (footwear, sole units, top lifts, or sliders), see 10.9. It is suggested that circular sliders used to represent
top lifts for everyday footwear should 76 6 1 mm diameter and minimum thickness of 5 mm. A smaller diameter may be
appropriate to represent the top lift of women’s fashion footwear. The shape and size of slider used shall be documented within
the test report (see 14.1.2.1).
NOTE 2—Sliders are generally samples of soling material cut to size from a larger sample.
8.2 For test surfaces, see 10.3; for contaminants/lubricants, see 10.4.
NOTE 3—Either the footwear item or the test surface may be the subject of the test. Appropriate flooring items and footwear items respectively are
selected as the reference materials against which the test item is to be tested.
9. Preparation of Apparatus, Test Specimens and Test Surfaces
9.1 Prepare and condition standard reference materials (test surfaces and/or test sliders) according to 10.6 and Section 11.
9.2 Prepare and condition footwear, sole unit, top lift, or slider according to 10.9.
9.3 Fit and secure the prepared test surface onto the rigid surface mount. If more than one test surface specimen is required to
achieve a test track of at least 40 mm, position the joint(s) outside the area traversed during the test run.
9.4 Securely fit the prepared footwear, sole unit, top lift, or slider to an appropriate mounting.
9.5 Lower the footwear, sole unit, top lift, or slider into contact with the test surface under its own weight. Adjust the alignment
and angle of the footwear, sole unit or slider to conform to one of the test modes defined in 12.6.1.
9.6 Fully tighten all mounting adjustments and lift the footwear, sole unit, top lift, or slider away from the test surface.
9.7 Apply contaminant if required (see 10.5).
9.8 Activate the data recording system.
9.9 Bring the footwear, sole unit, top lift, or slider into contact with the test surface and apply the required vertical force as
specified in Table 1.
10. Calibration and Standardization—Test Surfaces (Floorings) and Lubricants
10.1 General Information:
10.1.1 Any type of test surface and lubricant may be used provided it can be mounted without interfering with the action of the
test.
F2913 − 19
Key:
A – 50 N reached
B – Full force achieved and relative movement started within 0.2 s after ‘A’
C – Snapshot value of horizontal force taken at (0.1 6 0.01) s after the start of sliding movement
D – Snapshot value of vertical force taken at (0.1 6 0.01) s after the start of sliding movement
FIG. 2 Test Chart Showing Sequence of Events in a Typical Test Run
FIG. 3 Example of Test Apparatus
TABLE 2 Coefficient of Friction Range for Calibrated
Quarry Tiles
Dry COF Wet COF
Minimum 0.57 0.43
Maximum 0.63 0.49
10.1.2 Test surfaces shall be of uniform mean thickness, allowing for any surface pattern, and have minimum dimensions of 220
by 120 mm.
10.1.3 When evaluating an extruded or rolled product, where possible, cut the surface material either:
10.1.3.1 Parallel to the process direction,
F2913 − 19
10.1.3.2 Perpendicular to the process direction, or
10.1.3.3 At 45° to the process direction.
NOTE 4—Where the process direction is not known, the directions should be referenced in relation to some other distinguishing feature on the flooring.
10.1.4 When evaluating worn surfaces it may be appropriate to evaluate these items in directions aligned with any patterns of
wear in addition to the normal modes of testing.
10.1.5 When preparing the surfaces to be used as reference materials for testing footwear or footwear materials, the surfaces
shall be calibrated in the direction in which they are to be evaluated.
10.1.5.1 Determination of standard COF test values against a Slider 96 slider in 10.5, or
10.1.5.2 Specification of surface roughness in 10.8.2.
10.1.6 Other floors used for comparing performance of footwear or footwear materials should be characterized by testing
against Slider 96 rubber to establish the nominal performance level of the flooring for future reference.
10.1.7 Transient surfaces such as natural grass and ice should be characterized by other means as appropriate, describing in full
detail in the report how the surface was made, prepared, and characterized. In general such surfaces will be damaged or changed
by the action of the test so it may not be practicable to quantify their friction against a standard slider nor to perform multiple
measurements on the same sample.
10.1.8 All test surfaces should be stored carefully: do not stack specimens on top of each other. When handling test surface
samples, hold them by the edges and also do not touch the test surface of the tiles.
10.1.9 Cleaning procedures for test materials are given in 10.10.
10.2 Additional Apparatus:
10.2.1 For retaining friable, weak or loose surfaces such as natural grass or gravel, a walled tray that will locate on the horizontal
surface of the friction test apparatus and is sufficiently large that no part of the footwear or footwear materials being tested will
come into contact with the tray during the test. A flat rigid plate 5 mm less in length and in width than the tray that is used for
consolidating friable, weak or loose surfaces such as natural grass or gravel.
10.2.1.1 A means of applying a vertical load to the center of the plate shall be laid on the surface, which should be evenly
distributed in the tray, and a vertical load applied through the center of the plate. The area of the plate and the total load applied
should be recorded.
10.3 Test Surface:
7,8
10.3.1 Flat unglazed clay quarry tile that is wider than the test specimen and long enough to allow a sliding distance of at
least 75 mm without crossing a joint.
10.3.1.1 Sufficiently flat to allow it to be secured on the mounting table such that no movement occurs between the tile and
mounting table during the test.
10.3.1.2 Has a ribbed profile or directional marking on the underside to identify the direction in which the tile should be aligned
(with the ribs parallel to the sliding direction).
10.3.1.3 Conforms to the values specified in Table 2 when calibrated by the Slider 96 method (see 10.5).
10.3.1.4 Calibration of the tiles should be checked, after every 10 tests or prior to each day of testing whichever is the less
frequent, to ensure that they are not being worn smooth or otherwise damaged. However, if experience shows that the friction
properties of the test floor are not strongly influenced by repeated testing then calibration intervals may be extended.
10.3.2 Ceramic Tile, such as Eurotile 2 as defined in EN ISO 13287 or the reference surfaces defined in Practice F2508.
10.3.3 Stainless Steel Plate:
9,8
10.3.3.1 Such as steel Number 1.4301, Type 2G (cold rolled, ground) conforming to EN 10088-2 or AISA Type 304.
10.3.3.2 That when calibrated by the roughness method which gives an overall mean value of R from all 10 locations of
z
between 1.6 μm and 2.5 μm, as described in 10.8.
10.3.4 Other Test Surfaces, including such commonly found flooring materials as vinyl, wood, carpet, GRP (glass reinforced
plastic), concrete, etc., shall consist of a flat sheet of material or set of tiles wider and longer than the test specimen and long enough
to allow a sliding distance of at least 75 mm. The test surface may be calibrated or characterized as appropriate by the Slider 96
method (see 10.5), surface roughness where possible and then shall be checked at appropriate regular intervals. A full description
of the surface should be given in the test report (14.1.2.2).
10.4 Test Surface Condition:
10.4.1 Dry.
10.4.2 Wet—Distilled or deionized water shall be applied to the flooring to thoroughly wet the test surface.
The sole source of supply of the tile (reference STM 603 Quarry Tile) known to the committee at this time is SATRA Technology Centre, Kettering, Northamptonshire,
NN16 8SD, United Kingdom.
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
The sole source of supply of the plate (reference STM 603S) known to the committee at this time is SATRA Technology Centre Ltd., Kettering, Northamptonshire, NN16
8SD, United Kingdom.
F2913 − 19
10.4.3 Detergent—solution, containing a mass fraction of 0.5 % sodium lauryl sulfate in distilled or deionized water. Shall be
applied to the flooring to thoroughly wet the test surface.
10.4.4 Oily—0.5 6 0.02 g (approximately 20 drops) of vegetable oil. Type of vegetable oil must to be detailed in the test report
examples include corn, soy, canola etc. Shall be applied by smearing the vegetable oil over a 150 by 150 mm area of the flooring.
10.4.5 Oily Wet—0.2 6 0.02 g (approximately 8 drops) of vegetable oil with distilled or deionized water. Type of vegetable oil
must to be detailed in the test report examples include corn, soy, canola etc. Shall be applied by smearing the vegetable oil over
a 150 by 150 mm area of the flooring and thoroughly wet the oily test surface with distilled or deionized water.
10.4.6 Other Lubricants, as might be found on pedestrian or workplace underfoot surfaces. A full description of the lubricant
and application method shall be given in the test report (14.1.2.2).
10.5 Calibration Procedure for Test Surfaces by Slider 96 Method—Materials and Apparatus:
10.5.1 Material ‘Slider 96’ of calibrated hardness: 96 6 2 IRHD measured value at 23 6 2°C and specified resilience (Lupke
BS903-A8:1990) of 24 6 2 % at 23°C. Required specimen size: 25.4 mm wide, at least 50 mm long and greater than 5 mm thick.
The walls shall be vertical and the edges square.
NOTE 5—Storage of Slider 96 rubber: storage temperature should be below 25°C and preferably below 15°C; moist conditions should be avoided, and
conditions should be such that condensation does not occur; protect from light, particularly direct sunlight and strong artificial light; protect from
circulating air by wrapping or storing in air tight containers (paper and polythene are both suitable; however, plasticized PVC film must not be used).
It is recommended that Slider 96 sliders are discarded 12 months after issue.
10.5.1.1 Slider 96 rubber may be supplied pre-molded in a suitable size and form. However, if larger sheets of Slider 96 rubber
are obtained then a means is required of cutting a rectangular test specimen such that it has vertical walls, square edges, is 25.4
6 1.0 mm wide and at least 50 mm long. A means of trimming specimens parallel to the 25.4 mm edge while retaining a vertical
wall and square edge may also be required.
10.5.2 A rigid, rectangular backing plate with dimensions at least as wide as the specimen cut with the device and at least 50
mm long.
10.5.3 A means of securely attaching a specimen of Slider 96 rubber to the backing plate. Suitable adhesives include: epoxy
resins, cyanoacrylate or solvent based contact adhesive. The face to be bonded should be lightly abraded with abrasive paper then
cleaned by blowing with clean air or by wiping with a suitable solvent such as methanol and allowing to dry in air before bonding.
NOTE 6—Double-side tape may be suitable for sliders approximately 75 mm or more in length.
10.5.4 A means of attaching the specimen backing plate to the test apparatus at the required contact angle.
NOTE 7—A rectangular metal box of dimensions 180 by 90 by 90 mm with the backing plate attached to it can be used to replace the shoemaking last.
10.5.5 400 grit silicon carbide abrasive paper mounted on a flat, rigid surface.
10.5.6 Dry, absorbent paper towel.
10.5.7 Floor surface as specified in 10.3.
10.6 Preparation of Test Slider and Test Surface:
10.6.1 If necessary, cut to size a specimen of Slider 96 rubber using the device and clean using distilled water then dry in air.
NOTE 8—If other contamination such as oil has occurred, use soap solution and distilled water to clean the specimen.
10.6.2 Attach the specimen of Slider 96 to the backing plate using adhesive.
10.6.3 Holding the specimen by the backing plate and applying a light, evenly distributed pressure abrade the surface of the
rubber against the abrasive paper until a visually even level of abrasion is achieved and the surface is parallel with the backing
plate. For this procedure alternately use a backward and forward linear movement in a direction parallel to the long side of the
specimen, and a side to side movement in a perpendicular direction with the final direction of abrasion parallel to the long side.
10.6.4 Remove any debris from the test slider surface by lightly brushing with dry paper towel or soft brush.
10.6.5 Clean the test surface in accordance with 10.10.
10.6.6 Attach the plate with Slider 96 to the rectangular metal box. See Fig. 4.
NOTE 9—(1) The condition of the Slider 96 test slider must be restored at intervals as repeated use will cause edges to become rounded or a concave
chamfer may develop across the tested edge. Either use the abrasion methods described above to restore the slider to the correct condition and/or cut away
the affected end section of material, providing at least 50 mm length remains and the new cut edge is vertical and flat. (2) Both ends of the slider may
be used provided that the end used is in the correct condition. (3) When the thickness of the slider has been reduced to 5 mm by repeated use, the slider
shall be replaced.
10.7 Calibration Test Procedure:
10.7.1 Condition the quarry tiles, or other flooring and the test slider for at least 3 h at the test atmosphere.
10.7.2 Attach the test slider to the test machine so that the 25.4 mm edge is perpendicular to the direction of sliding movement
and the line of action of the vertical force passes through the Slider 96 rubber–tile contact area.
10.7.3 Set the face of the test slider at a contact angle of 7 6 0.5° to the test surface with 2 to 3 mm of the wedge protruding
beyond the rearmost contact point of the Slider 96 with the face of the wedge (Fig. 4).
10.7.4 Mount the tile in accordance with 9.3.
F2913 − 19
FIG. 4 Orientation and Setting of Contact Angle Using 7° Wedge for Slider 96
10.7.5 Apply the test conditions specified in 6.8 for the forward heel slip mode, applying a 500 N normal force.
10.7.6 Carry out the test procedure defined in 12.7 and determine the coefficient of friction of the tile in a single test run. Repeat
the test with water lubricant.
10.7.7 If the COF is outside the specified range (for example, see 10.3.1.3 for quarry tiles), reject the tile.
10.7.8 If the COF is within the specified range accept the tile and record the values obtained.
10.7.9 Clean and dry the Slider 96 slider before returning to storage.
10.8 Calibration Procedure for Surfaces by Roughness Method—Apparatus:
10,8
10.8.1 A suitable roughness meter that:
10.8.1.1 Has a stylus of radius 5 μm,
10.8.1.2 Capable of sampling over a 4 mm length of test surface divided into 5 cut-off lengths of 0.8 mm, and
10.8.1.3 Capable of measuring the maximum peak to valley height within each of the five cut-off lengths and reporting the
average value, R , as specified in BS EN ISO 4287.
z
10.8.2 Calibration procedure for surfaces by roughness method.
10.8.2.1 Measure the surface roughness R according to BS EN ISO 4287 but with a sample
...