ASTM C494/C494M-99a

Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers materials for use as chemical admixtures to be added to hydraulic-cement concrete mixtures in the field for the purpose or purposes indicated for the seven types as follows:
1.1.1 Type A--Water-reducing admixtures,
1.1.2 Type B--Retarding admixtures,
1.1.3 Type C--Accelerating admixtures,
1.1.4 Type D--Water-reducing and retarding admixtures,
1.1.5 Type E--Water-reducing and accelerating admixtures,
1.1.6 Type F--Water-reducing, high range admixtures, and
1.1.7 Type G--Water-reducing, high range, and retarding admixtures.
1.2 This specification stipulates tests of an admixture with suitable concreting materials as described in 11.1 - 11.3 or with cement, pozzolan, aggregates, and an air-entraining admixture proposed for specific work (11.4). Unless specified otherwise by the purchaser, the tests shall be made using concreting materials as described in 11.1 - 11.3.
Note 1--It is recommended that, whenever practicable, tests be made using the cement, pozzolan, aggregates, air-entraining admixture, and the mixture proportions, batching sequence, and other physical conditions proposed for the specific work (11.4) because the specific effects produced by chemical admixtures may vary with the properties and proportions of the other ingredients of the concrete. For instance, Types F and G admixtures may exhibit much higher water reduction in concrete mixtures having higher cement factors than that listed in 12.1.
Mixtures having a high range water reduction generally display a higher rate of slump loss. When high-range admixtures are used to impart increased workability (6 to 8-in. slump [150 to 200-mm]), the effect may be of limited duration, reverting to the original slump in 30 to 60 min depending on factors normally affecting rate of slump loss. The use of chemical admixtures to produce high-slump (flowing) concrete is covered by Specification C 1017.
Note 2--The purchaser should ensure that the admixture supplied for use in the work is equivalent in composition to the admixture subjected to test under this specification (see Section 6, Uniformity and Equivalence).
Note 3--Admixtures that contain relatively large amounts of chloride may accelerate corrosion of prestressing steel. Compliance with the requirements of this specification does not constitute assurance of acceptibility of the admixture for use in prestressed concrete.
1.3 This specification provides for three levels of testing.
1.3.1 Level 1--During the initial approval stage, proof of compliance with the performance requirements defined in Table 1 demonstrates that the admixture meets the requirements of this specification. Uniformity and equivalence tests of Section 6 shall be carried out to provide results against which later comparisons can be made.
1.3.2 Level 2--Limited retesting is described in , and . Proof of compliance with the requirements of demonstrates continued conformity of the admixture with the requirements of the specification.
1.3.3 Level 3--For acceptance of a lot or for measuring uniformity within or between lots, when specified by the purchaser, the uniformity and equivalence tests of Section 6 shall be used.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method sections, Sections 11-18 of this Specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate sa...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-1999
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.23 - Chemical Admixtures

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C494/C494M-99ae1 - Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C825-19 - Standard Specification for Precast Concrete Barriers
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C412-19 - Standard Specification for Concrete Drain Tile
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C666/C666M-15 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C985-22 - Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Specified Strength Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C935-19 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Prestressed Concrete Poles Statically Cast
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C1837-22 - Standard Specification for Production of Dry Cast Concrete Used for Manufacturing Pipe, Box, and Precast Structures
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C507M-22 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Elliptical Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C1753/C1753M-21a - Standard Practice for Evaluating Early Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Thermal Measurements
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C1577-20e1 - Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers Designed According to AASHTO LRFD
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C1932-23 - Standard Specification for Manufacture of Reinforced Precast Concrete End Sections for Pipe
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C412M-19 - Standard Specification for Concrete Drain Tile (Metric)
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C928/C928M-20a - Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete Repairs
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C192/C192M-19 - Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C685/C685M-17 - Standard Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching and Continuous Mixing
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 494/C 494M – 99a
Standard Specification for
1
Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 494/C 494M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.3 This specification provides for three levels of testing.
1.3.1 Level 1—During the initial approval stage, proof of
1.1 This specification covers materials for use as chemical
compliance with the performance requirements defined in
admixtures to be added to hydraulic-cement concrete mixtures
Table 1 demonstrates that the admixture meets the require-
in the field for the purpose or purposes indicated for the seven
ments of this specification. Uniformity and equivalence tests of
types as follows:
Section 6 shall be carried out to provide results against which
1.1.1 Type A—Water-reducing admixtures,
later comparisons can be made.
1.1.2 Type B—Retarding admixtures,
1.3.2 Level 2—Limited retesting is described in 5.2, 5.2.1
1.1.3 Type C—Accelerating admixtures,
and 5.2.2. Proof of compliance with the requirements of Table
1.1.4 Type D—Water-reducing and retarding admixtures,
1 demonstrates continued conformity of the admixture with the
1.1.5 Type E—Water-reducing and accelerating admixtures,
requirements of the specification.
1.1.6 Type F—Water-reducing, high range admixtures, and
1.3.3 Level 3—For acceptance of a lot or for measuring
1.1.7 Type G—Water-reducing, high range, and retarding
uniformity within or between lots, when specified by the
admixtures.
purchaser, the uniformity and equivalence tests of Section 6
1.2 This specification stipulates tests of an admixture with
shall be used.
suitable concreting materials as described in 11.1-11.3 or with
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units shall
cement, pozzolan, aggregates, and an air-entraining admixture
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
proposed for specific work (11.4). Unless specified otherwise
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
by the purchaser, the tests shall be made using concreting
must be used independently of the other, without combining
materials as described in 11.1-11.3.
values in any way.
NOTE 1—It is recommended that, whenever practicable, tests be made
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
using the cement, pozzolan, aggregates, air-entraining admixture, and the
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
mixture proportions, batching sequence, and other physical conditions
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
proposed for the specific work (11.4) because the specific effects produced
as requirements of the standard.
by chemical admixtures may vary with the properties and proportions of
the other ingredients of the concrete. For instance, Types F and G 1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
admixtures may exhibit much higher water reduction in concrete mixtures
test method sections, Sections 11-18 of this Specification: This
having higher cement factors than that listed in 12.1.1.
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
Mixtures having a high range water reduction generally display a higher
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
rate of slump loss. When high-range admixtures are used to impart
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
increased workability (6 to 8-in. slump [150 to 200–mm]), the effect may
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
be of limited duration, reverting to the original slump in 30 to 60 min
tions prior to use.
depending on factors normally affecting rate of slump loss. The use of
chemical admixtures to produce high-slump (flowing) concrete is covered
2. Referenced Documents
by Specification C 1017.
NOTE 2—The purchaser should ensure that the admixture supplied for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
use in the work is equivalent in composition to the admixture subjected to 2
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
test under this specification (see Section 6, Uniformity and Equivalence).
C 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-
NOTE 3—Admixtures that contain relatively large amounts of chloride
2
lindrical Concrete Specimens
may accelerate corrosion of prestressing steel. Compliance with the
C 78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
requirements of this specification does not constitute assurance of accep-
2
tibility of the admixture for use in prestressed co
...