ASTM F2508-11
(Practice)Standard Practice for Validation and Calibration of Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces
Standard Practice for Validation and Calibration of Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
To be meaningful, walkway tribometer results must correlate the slip characteristics of a surface or contaminant, or both, to the actual propensity for human slips. To achieve this goal, walkway tribometer models must be validated against a standard with relevance to human ambulation.
This practice prescribes a series of reference surfaces with known relative slip potential ranging from very high to low (as defined by laboratory conditions only) upon which walkway tribometer models can be validated. The relative slip potential of each reference surface was established from human subject walking trials.
The following should be considered in applying the validation and calibration obtained by this practice:
The scientific study upon which the validation process is based was conducted with a select population of young adults (mean age 26 years) who were free from gait deviations while walking in a straight path on a level surface with a mean walking velocity of 2.18 m/s. This walking velocity is faster than the average walking velocity for the general population which includes a much wider age range with greater variability; thus, the study sample population of pedestrians and conditions is not representative of the larger general population of pedestrians.
All subjects walked in Oxford-style shoes whose soles were constructed of smooth styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) with 75A Shore hardness. The shoe style and sole material is not representative of all combinations available in the marketplace.
The reference surfaces defined in this practice are not representative of all walkway surfaces. The outcome of the validation practice reflects performance on the type of reference surfaces and surface conditions defined in this practice only. Validation and calibration of a walkway tribometer as defined by this practice does not imply validation and calibration under all combinations of test foot materials and walkway surfaces.
The validation and calibration proced...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to establish the parameters for validation and calibration of walkway tribometers.
1.2 This practice provides a walkway tribometer supplier with a procedure and suite of reference surfaces to validate his walkway tribometer by properly ranking and differentiating the surfaces.
1.3 This practice provides the user of a walkway tribometer with a procedure and suite of reference surfaces to test calibration of his instrument.
1.4 This practice describes the necessary materials, specifications, and the cleaning process for reference materials, as well as the requirements for the validation of a supplier’s walkway tribometer and calibration of a user’s walkway tribometer.
1.5 This practice applies to walkway tribometers without reference to the nature of the scale of the readings produced by them. The scale used in the reports of validation and calibration must be the same, and are to be those of the instrument or defined for the instrument.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: F2508 − 11 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Practice for
Validation and Calibration of Walkway Tribometers Using
1
Reference Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2508; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1349 Practice for Rubber—Standard Temperatures for
Testing
1.1 This practice is intended to establish the parameters for
D3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine
validation and calibration of walkway tribometers.
Conformance with Specifications
1.2 This practice provides a walkway tribometer supplier
F1646 Terminology Relating to Safety and Traction for
with a procedure and suite of reference surfaces to validate his
Footwear
walkwaytribometerbyproperlyrankinganddifferentiatingthe
surfaces.
3. Terminology
1.3 This practice provides the user of a walkway tribometer
3.1 Definitions:
with a procedure and suite of reference surfaces to test
3.1.1 For terms used in this practice not identified herein,
calibration of his instrument.
refer to Terminology F1646.
1.4 This practice describes the necessary materials,
3.1.2 paired t-test, n—a test of statistical significance based
specifications,andthecleaningprocessforreferencematerials,
on the use of student’s t-distribution and used to compare two
as well as the requirements for the validation of a supplier’s
sample means (see Appendix X2).
walkway tribometer and calibration of a user’s walkway
tribometer. 3.1.3 supplier, n—any individual, agent, company,
manufacturer, or organization responsible for the walkway
1.5 This practice applies to walkway tribometers without
tribometer prior to receipt by the user. D3244
reference to the nature of the scale of the readings produced by
them.Thescaleusedinthereportsofvalidationandcalibration
3.1.4 test foot, n—shoe bottom material or surrogate
must be the same, and are to be those of the instrument or
mounted on the walkway tribometer that comes into contact
defined for the instrument.
with the surface being tested.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.5 walkway tribometer, n—any apparatus used to mea-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
sure the frictional forces acting at an interface between a
only and are not considered standard.
walkway surface and shoe material.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.5.1 Discussion—A judgement of the adequacy of these
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
frictional forces acting on a walkway surface/shoe surface
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
interface is the basis for an assessment of slip properties
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
relative to human locomotion.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 calibration, n—the set of operations that establishes,
2. Referenced Documents
under specified conditions, the relationship between the values
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
obtained by a walkway tribometer and the corresponding
supplier reference values.
1 3.2.2 reference surfaces (RS’s), n—specifiedmaterials,iden-
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F13 on Pedestrian/
Walkway Safety and Footwear and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee tified in Section 7, that have an experimentally demonstrated
F13.10 on Traction.
slip properties for a select population of pedestrians and serve
Current edition approved March 15, 2011. Published March 2011. DOI:
as references for walkway tribometer measurements.
10.1520/F2508-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.3 validation, n—the set of operations that establishes,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
under specified conditions, the proper ranking and differentia-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tion of reference surfaces by a walkway tribometer.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F2508 − 11
4. Summary of Practice ity; thus, the study sample population of pedestrians and
conditionsisnotrepresentativeofthelargergeneralpopulation
4.1 This practice establishes a procedure to: (1) validate
of pedestrians.
walkway tribometer models against a human gait-based refer-
5.3.2 All subjects walked in Oxford-style shoes whose soles
encesystem,and (2)calibrateeachind
...
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