ASTM E426-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Titanium, Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys
Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Titanium, Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Eddy-current testing is a nondestructive method of locating discontinuities in a product. Changes in electromagnetic response caused by the presence of discontinuities are detected by the sensor, amplified and modified in order to actuate audio or visual indicating devices, or both, or a mechanical marker. Signals can be caused by outer surface, inner surface, or subsurface discontinuities. The eddy-current examination is sensitive to many factors that occur as a result of processing (such as variations in conductivity, chemical composition, permeability, and geometry) as well as other factors not related to the tubing. Thus, all received indications are not necessarily indicative of defective tubing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for eddy-current examination of seamless and welded tubular products made of relatively low conductivity materials such as titanium, stainless steel, and similar alloys, such as nickel alloys. Austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steels, which are generally considered to be nonmagnetic, are specifically covered as distinguished from the martensitic and ferritic straight chromium stainless steels which are magnetic.
1.2 This practice is intended as a guide for eddy-current examination of both seamless and welded tubular products using either an encircling coil or a probe-coil technique. Coils and probes are available that can be used inside the tubular product; however, their use is not specifically covered in this document. This type of examination is usually employed only to examine tubing which has been installed such as in a heat exchanger.
1.3 This practice covers the examination of tubular products ranging in diameter from 0.125 to 5 in. (3.2 to 127.0 mm) and wall thicknesses from 0.005 to 0.250 in. (0.127 to 6.4 mm).
1.4 For examination of aluminum alloy tubular products, see standard Practice E215.
1.5 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E426 − 12
Standard Practice for
Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Seamless
and Welded Tubular Products, Titanium, Austenitic Stainless
1
Steel and Similar Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E426; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
1.1 This practice covers procedures for eddy-current ex-
amination of seamless and welded tubular products made of
2. Referenced Documents
relativelylowconductivitymaterialssuchastitanium,stainless
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
steel, and similar alloys, such as nickel alloys. Austenitic
E215 Practice for Standardizing Equipment for Electromag-
chromium-nickel stainless steels, which are generally consid-
netic Testing of Seamless Aluminum-Alloy Tube
ered to be nonmagnetic, are specifically covered as distin-
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
guished from the martensitic and ferritic straight chromium
Testing
stainless steels which are magnetic.
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1.2 This practice is intended as a guide for eddy-current
2.2 Other Documents:
examination of both seamless and welded tubular products
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
4
using either an encircling coil or a probe-coil technique. Coils
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
and probes are available that can be used inside the tubular
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and
product; however, their use is not specifically covered in this 4
Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
document. This type of examination is usually employed only
NAS-410 NAS Certification and Qualification of Nonde-
to examine tubing which has been installed such as in a heat 5
structive Personnel (Quality Assurance Committee)
exchanger.
3. Terminology
1.3 This practice covers the examination of tubular products
ranging in diameter from 0.125 to 5 in. (3.2 to 127.0 mm) and 3.1 Standardterminologyrelatingtoelectromagnetictesting
wall thicknesses from 0.005 to 0.250 in. (0.127 to 6.4 mm).
may be found in Terminology E1316, Section C, Electromag-
netic Testing.
1.4 For examination of aluminum alloy tubular products,
see standard Practice E215.
4. Summary of Practice
1.5 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
4.1 The examination is conducted using one of two general
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
techniques shown in Fig. 1. One of these techniques employs
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
one or more exciter and sensor coils which encircle the pipe or
information only and are not considered standard.
tube and through which the tubular product to be examined is
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the passed. Some circuit configurations employ separate exciter
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the and sensor coils; whereas other configurations employ one or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
more coils that concurrently function as both exciters and
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Electromagnetic Method. the ASTM website.
4
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E426 – 98 (2007). 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
5
DOI: 10.1520/E0426-12. Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Practice WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
SE-426 in Section II of that Code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E426 − 12
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Eddy-current testing is a nondestructive method of
l
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E426–98 (Reapproved 2007) Designation: E426 – 12
Standard Practice for
Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Seamless
and Welded Tubular Products, Titanium, Austenitic Stainless
1
Steel and Similar Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E426; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This specification has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This practice covers procedures that may be followed for eddy-current examination of seamless and welded tubular
products made of relatively low conductivity materials such as titanium, stainless steel, and similar alloys, such as nickel alloys.
Austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steels, which are generally considered to be nonmagnetic, are specifically covered as
distinguished from the martensitic and ferritic straight chromium stainless steels which are magnetic.
1.2 This practice is intended as a guide for eddy-current examination of both seamless and welded tubular products using either
an encircling coil or a probe-coil technique. Coils and probes are available that can be used inside the tubular product; however,
their use is not specifically covered in this document. This type of examination is usually employed only to examine tubing which
has been installed such as in a heat exchanger.
1.3 This practice covers the examination of tubular products ranging in diameter from 0.125 to 5 in. (3.2 to 127.0 mm) and wall
thicknesses from 0.005 to 0.250 in. (0.127 to 6.4 mm).
1.4The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 For examination of aluminum alloy tubular products, see standard Practice E215.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Electromagnetic
Method.
´1
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E426-98(2003) . DOI:
10.1520/E0426-98R07.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E426 - 98(2007). DOI:
10.1520/E0426-12.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Practice SE-426 in Section II of that Code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E426 – 12
Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
E426 – 12
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E215 Practice for Standardizing Equipment for Electromagnetic Testing of Seamless Aluminum-Alloy Tube
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
2.2 Other Documents:
4
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
4
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
5
NAS-410 NAS Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Personnel (Quality Assurance Committee)
3. Terminology
3.1 Standard terminology relating to electromagnetic examinationtesting may be found in Terminology E1316, Section C,
Electromagnetic Testing.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The examination is conducted using one of two general techniques shown in Fig. 1. One o
...
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