ASTM F1461-93(2005)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Chemical Protective Clothing Program
Standard Practice for Chemical Protective Clothing Program
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to promote the proper selection, use, maintenance, and understanding of the limitations of chemical protective clothing (CPC) by users, employers, employees, and other persons involved in programs requiring CPC, thereby limiting potentially harmful and unnecessary skin exposures.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F 1461–93 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Practice for
Chemical Protective Clothing Program
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1461; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorially corrected definition in 3.1.5 in January 2005.
1. Scope 3.1.1 analytical detection limit, n—a number, expressed in
units of concentration (or amount), that describes the lowest
1.1 This practice is intended to promote the proper selec-
concentration level (or amount) that an analyst can determine
tion, use, maintenance, and understanding of the limitations of
to be different from an analytical blank (background level).
chemical protective clothing (CPC) by users, employers, em-
3.1.2 biological monitoring, n—the chemical analysis of
ployees, and other persons involved in programs requiring
chemicals or metabolites, or both, from a worker’s blood,
CPC, thereby limiting potentially harmful and unnecessary
urine, fingernails, sweat, breath, and so forth.
skin exposures.
3.1.3 buddy system, n—a means of organizing employee
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
work groups whereby each participant is matched with another
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
so that prompt assistance can be rendered in the case of any
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
emergency.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 chemical protective clothing (CPC), n—any material
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or combination of materials used in an item of clothing or the
2. Referenced Documents purpose of isolating parts of the body from direct contact with
a potentially hazardous chemical.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.5 decontamination, n—the removal of a contaminant or
F 739 Test Method for Resistance of Protective Clothing
contaminantsfromthesurfaceormatrix,orboth,ofCPCtothe
Materials to Permeation by Liquids or Gases Under Con-
extent necessary for its next intended action (for example,
ditions of Continuous Contact
reuse and disposal).
F 903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in
3.1.6 elastomer, n—a term often used for rubber and poly-
Protective Clothing to Penetration by Liquids
mers that have properties similar to rubber.
F 1001 Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evaluate Pro-
3.1.7 fabric, n—a planar structure consisting of yarns or
tective Clothing Materials
fibers.
F 1052 Practice for Pressure Testing Vapor Protective En-
3.1.7.1 Discussion—Unlike a polymer sheet, a fabric is
sembles
normally subject to penetration by gases and liquids.
F 1154 Practices for Qualitatively Evaluating the Comfort,
3.1.8 Fick’s laws of diffusion, n—mathematical descriptions
Fit, Function, and Integrity of Chemical-Protective Suit
of the movement of one type of molecule through another.
Ensembles
3.1.8.1 Discussion—Diffusionisnotduetoholesorporesin
F 1194 Guide for Documenting the Results of Chemical
CPC.
Permeation Testing on Materials Used In Protective Cloth-
3.1.9 hazard assessment, n—the determination of the lack
ing
of safety or degree of risk based on all integral parts of an
3. Terminology
exposure situation, including the characteristics of the chemi-
cal(s) to which one is exposed and the conditions that deter-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mine degree of exposure.
3.1.10 industrial hygienist, n—a person who, by experience
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Protective
and academic training, is qualified to recognize, evaluate, and
Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.30 on Chemicals.
control chemical, physical, and biological agents in the work-
Current edition approved January 1, 2005. Published January 2005. Originally
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place, or a person certified by theAmerican Board of Industrial
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F 1461 - 93 (1998) .
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Hygiene.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F 1461–93 (2005)
3.1.11 occlusion, n—the physical process of covering a 4.5.4 Supplementing feasible engineering controls when
chemicalthathasbeenappliedtoorspilledontheskin,thereby they fail to control the hazard completely; and
disallowingitsevaporationandgenerallyincreasingitsabsorp- 4.5.5 Use in the event that engineering controls fail.
tion through the skin. 4.6 Engineering controls and substitution of materials
3.1.12 physical-chemical parameters, n—values for physi- should be stressed as the first line of defense in all control
cal or chemical properties of a permeant or polymer, or both, situations since effective use of CPC depends on worker
such as solubility parameters, molecular weight, vapor pres- compliance, proper selection, quality control, and other vari-
sure, and so forth. ables that may prove to be weak links in an overall control
3.1.13 plastic, n—a material that contains, as an essential process.
ingredient, one or more organic polymeric substances of large
5. Minimum Program Requirements and Objectives
molecular weight, is solid in its finished state, and, at some
5.1 The primary objective shall be to minimize employee
stageinitsmanufactureofprocessingintofinishedarticles,can
exposures.This objective should be accomplished to the extent
be shaped by flow.
feasible by accepted engineering control measures. These
3.1.14 polymer, n—a substance consisting of molecules
include enclosure or confinement of the operation, isolation of
characterized by repetition (neglecting ends, branches, junc-
the worker from the operation, substitution of less toxic
tions,andotherminorirregularities)ofoneormorechemically
materials, and modification of work practices. When these
bonded types of monomeric units.
controls are not feasible, or while they are being implemented
3.1.15 polymer sheet, n—a continuous polymeric planar
or evaluated, appropriate CPC shall be used pursuant to the
structure.
requirements in this practice and regulatory requirements,
3.1.15.1 Discussion—It is not normally subject to penetra-
where applicable.
tion by gases or liquids.
5.2 Program Administration and Responsibility:
3.1.16 program, n—a documented policy with procedures
5.2.1 Responsibility and authority for implementing the
for selection and use of CPC.
CPC program shall be assigned to a single person. This person
3.1.17 program administrator, n—a person responsible for
will normally be a plant manager, supervisor, or other person
the formulation and implementation of a CPC program.
with line supervisory authority. This person is called the
3.1.18 program authority, n—a person responsible for en-
program authority.
forcing the requirements of a CPC program.
5.2.2 Normally, a second person shall have responsibility
3.1.19 toxicity, n—the propensity of a substance to produce
for preparing the written program. This person is called the
adverse biochemical or physiological effects.
program administrator. His duties also include maintaining and
3.1.19.1 Discussion—Such effects are termed toxic effects,
updating standard procedures and the CPC written program,
as used in this practice.
based on changes in CPC technology and knowledge; main-
4. Significance and Use
tainingrecords;auditingandevaluatingtheprogram;directing,
4.1 This practice presents those elements that constitute a interacting with, or supervising those who dispense CPC at the
chemical protective clothing (CPC) program and conditions to worksite and those who train workers in the use of CPC; and
be used in establishing a program for the selection and use of establishing procedures for the purchase of CPC. The program
CPC.Adherencetothispracticerequiresthatawrittenprogram administrator will usually have staff responsibilities. The
be developed for any use of CPC. program administrator shall have knowledge of CPC sufficient
4.2 Although much remains to be determined regarding the to supervise the CPC program properly. (Where possible, the
toxicity of vapor and liquid exposure to the skin, this practice administrator of a CPC program should also be the adminis-
outlines the essential information necessary and suggested trator of the respiratory protection program, if one exists, in
methods for hazard assessment prior to the selection of CPC order to improve coordination.)
(see Practice F 1154). 5.3 Written Programs—The CPC program shall be estab-
4.3 This practice does not address the various methods for lished and detailed in a written document.
testingCPCorobtainingthedatauponwhichCPCassessments 5.4 CPC Selection—The selection of the CPC article shall
are made. These test methods are listed in Section 2 of this be based on consideration of the following:
practice. 5.4.1 Exposure situation (vapor, pressured splash, liquid
4.4 This practice does not include recommendations that splash, intermittent liquid contact, and continuous liquid con-
may apply to personal protection from nuclear radiation, tact);
radioactive contamination, or microbiological organisms, or to 5.4.2 Toxicity and amount of the chemical(s) (that is, best
clothing that is worn to protect a particular environment from knowledge or the estimate of ability to permeate the skin and
theentryofchemicals,particles,orlivingmatterthatmayarise of systemic toxicity);
from the wearer. 5.4.3 Physical properties of the contaminant chemicals (for
4.5 CPCshouldbeusedwhenothermeansofcontrolarenot example, vapor pressure, molecular weight, and polarity);
available. Its major uses should be limited to the following: 5.4.4 Functional requirements of the task (for example,
4.5.1 Maintenance operations; dexterity, thermal protection, fire protection, and mechanical
4.5.2 Upset or emergency conditions; durability requirements); and
4.5.3 Use in lieu of engineering controls when they are not 5.4.5 Properties of the CPC that are relevant to the physical
feasible or are being installed; and chemical hazards and functional requirements of the task.
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F 1461–93 (2005)
These properties are determined through appropriate testing wearing CPC shall be considered. These effects, which include
techniques and include permeation resistance, degradation heat stress and claustrophobic reactions, may be particularly
resistance, penetration resistance, (see Test Method F 903) evident when TECPsuits are worn. CPC selection is a balance
dexterity, resistance to tear, and so forth, as applicable. (See between protection from chemical hazards and performance,
Test Method F 739, Guide F 1001, and Practice F 1052.) physiological, and psychological burdens. Chemical protection
should not be compromised, nor should the worker be unnec-
5.5 The selection procedure shall be documented. Mini-
essarily burdened.
mally, the selection process should consider degradation,
5.13 Auditing—CPC programs shall be audited periodically
penetration, and permeation resistance of the CPC. Degrada-
tion could result in an adverse loss of integrity and chemical in order to ensure that all components are functioning as
described in the written program. Methods for auditing the
resistance properties. Penetration could result in direct skin
contact by an agent from bulk flow through seams, pinholes, programshallbewelldescribed,includingthewaysandmeans
for correcting defects in the program.
and so forth. Permeation can result in skin contact by an agent
without any outward signs of either penetration or degradation
since molecular flow of the contaminant through the protective 6. Program Administration and Responsibilities
article is occurring.
6.1 Employer Responsibility—Employer responsibility is
5.6 Training—Each CPC user shall be given training that
vested in the program authority. The employer shall be
shall include explanation and discussion of the toxicity of the
responsible for providing CPC to employees when it is
contaminants for which CPC is being used; symptoms that
necessary and enforcing its proper use. All CPC shall be
indicate an overexposure has occurred; nature of the perme-
selected by the employer using the latest information available
ations, penetration, and degradation; limitations of CPC use;
to him. The employer shall establish and maintain a CPC
how to use CPC; importance of proper storage, maintenance,
program that shall include the minimum requirements of this
inspection, and decontamination, where applicable; and dis-
practice as outlined in Section 5 and supported, where appro-
posal of CPC.
priate, by Sections 6 through 16 and the Appendixes.
5.7 CPC Use—The employer shall not use CPC in violation
6.2 Employee Responsibility—Employees have the respon-
of the written program or the manufacturer’s instructions.
sibility and duty to use all CPC that is provided to them in
When using CPC, the employer shall consider special
accordancewiththeinstructionsandthetrainingthattheyhave
emergency-use precautions.The buddy system shall be used in
received. All CPC shall be treated with respect and inspected
conjunction with emergency-use CPC.
and maintained in accordance with the employer’s program
5.8 Maintenance and Storage—Maintenanceandinspection
requirements. Should an employee sense any change in the
shallbeconductedonaschedulethatensuresthateachpieceof
performance of his CPC or exhibit any symptoms of overex-
CPC delivers the protection for which it was selected. Mini-
posure, he shall report this to the employer immediately.
mally,eachpieceofCPCshallbeinspectedbythewearerprior
6.3 Program Administrator—An individual, preferably
to its use to ensure its integrity. CPC should not be folded
from the company’s industrial hygiene or safety engineering
during storage, if possible, and it should be stored in segre-
function, should be assigned responsibility for administering
gated, well-ventilated areas that have low light intensity and
the CPC program. For companies without these functions, the
are free from exposures to ozone, high relative humidity, and
CPC program should be administered by a qualified person
contaminants that may degrade the CPC over long periods of
responsible to the program authority, and consultation from an
time.
industrial hygienist should be sought in establishing the pro-
5.9 Decontamination—W
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