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ASTM E1880-12(2020)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Tissue Cryosection Analysis with SIMS

Standard Practice for Tissue Cryosection Analysis with SIMS

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Pressing cryosections flat onto a conducting substrate has been one of the most challenging problems in SIMS analysis of cryogenically prepared tissue specimens. Frozen cryosections often curl or peel off, or both, from the substrate during freeze-drying. The curling of cryosections results in an uneven sample surface for SIMS analysis. Furthermore, if freeze-dried cryosections are not attached tightly to the substrate, the impact of the primary ion beam may result in further curling and even dislodging of the cryosection from the substrate. These problems render SIMS analysis difficult, frustrating and time consuming. The use of indium as a substrate for pressing cryosections flat has provided a practical approach for analyzing cryogenically prepared tissue specimens (1).4  
5.2 The procedure described herein has been successfully used for SIMS imaging of calcium and magnesium transport and localization of anticancer drugs in animal models (2, 3, 4, 5).  
5.3 The procedure described here is amenable to soft tissues of both animal and plant origin.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) analyst with a method for analyzing tissue cryosections in the imaging mode of the instrument. This practice is suitable for frozen-freeze-dried and frozen-hydrated cryosection analysis.  
1.2 This practice does not describe methods for optimal freezing of the specimen for immobilizing diffusible chemical species in their native intracellular sites.  
1.3 This practice does not describe methods for obtaining cryosections from a frozen specimen.  
1.4 This practice is not suitable for any plastic embedded tissues.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2020
ICS
17.180.01 - Optics and optical measurements in general
Technical Committee
E42 - Surface Analysis
Drafting Committee
E42.06 - SIMS
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E673-03 - Standard Terminology Relating to Surface Analysis (Withdrawn 2012)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Refers
ASTM E673-02a - Standard Terminology Relating to Surface Analysis
Effective Date
10-Dec-2002
Refers
ASTM E673-01 - Standard Terminology Relating to Surface Analysis
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Refers
ASTM E673-98E1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Surface Analysis
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001

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ASTM E1880-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Tissue Cryosection Analysis with SIMSASTM E1880-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Tissue Cryosection Analysis with SIMS
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ASTM E1880-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Tissue Cryosection Analysis with SIMS
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1880 − 12 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Practice for
Tissue Cryosection Analysis with SIMS
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1880; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 SeeTerminology E673 for definitions of terms used in
SIMS.
1.1 This practice provides the Secondary Ion Mass Spec-
trometry (SIMS) analyst with a method for analyzing tissue
4. Summary of Practice
cryosections in the imaging mode of the instrument. This
4.1 This practice describes a method for the analysis of
practice is suitable for frozen-freeze-dried and frozen-hydrated
tissue cryosections with SIMS. Tissue cryosections for SIMS
cryosection analysis.
analysis need to be mounted flat on an electrically conducting
1.2 This practice does not describe methods for optimal
substrate. Cryosections should remain flat and adhere well to
freezing of the specimen for immobilizing diffusible chemical
the substrate for SIMS analysis. This is achieved by pressing
species in their native intracellular sites.
frozen cryosections into an indium substrate. Indium, being a
1.3 This practice does not describe methods for obtaining
malleable metal (Moh hardness = 1.2,Young’s modulus = 10.6
cryosections from a frozen specimen.
GPa), provides a “cushion” for pressing and holding the frozen
cryosections flat for SIMS analysis. Indium substrates are
1.4 This practice is not suitable for any plastic embedded
prepared by pressing sheet indium onto a polished silicon
tissues.
wafer.An approximately 1 µm thick layer of indium (99.999 %
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
purity) is then vapor deposited on this surface. This top layer
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
provides “fluffy” indium that helps in holding cryosections flat
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
for SIMS analysis.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
5.1 Pressing cryosections flat onto a conducting substrate
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
has been one of the most challenging problems in SIMS
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
analysis of cryogenically prepared tissue specimens. Frozen
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
cryosections often curl or peel off, or both, from the substrate
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
during freeze-drying. The curling of cryosections results in an
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
uneven sample surface for SIMS analysis. Furthermore, if
freeze-dried cryosections are not attached tightly to the
2. Referenced Documents
substrate, the impact of the primary ion beam may result in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
further curling and even dislodging of the cryosection from the
E673 Terminology Relating to SurfaceAnalysis (Withdrawn
substrate. These problems render SIMS analysis difficult,
2012)
frustrating and time consuming. The use of indium as a
substrate for pressing cryosections flat has provided a practical
3. Terminology
approach for analyzing cryogenically prepared tissue speci-
3.1 Definitions:
mens (1).
5.2 The procedure described herein has been successfully
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E42 on Surface
used for SIMS imaging of calcium and magnesium transport
Analysis and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E42.06 on SIMS.
and localization of anticancer drugs in animal models (2, 3, 4,
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally
5).
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E1880 – 12. DOI:
10.1520/E1880-12R20.
5.3 The procedure described here is amenable to soft tissues
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
of both animal and plant origin.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
www.astm.org. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1880 − 12 (2020)
6. Apparatus polished surface of the top silicon piece is used to press the
cryosection onto indium substrate in order to avoid introducing
6.1 The procedure described here can be used for tissue
the irregular topography of the rough silicon surface. Remove
cryosection analysis with virtually any SIMS instrument.
the top silicon piece by sliding it off using chilled tweezers.
6.2 A cold stage in the SIMS instrument is needed to
The pressed frozen cryosection on the indium substrate is now
analyze frozen-hydrated specimens (6).
ready for frozen-hydrated analysis with a cold stage in the
SIMS instrument.Alternatively, the pressed cryosection on the
7. Procedure
indium substrate can be freeze-dried by
...

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This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.  
1.1.2 Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20 S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and small industrial burners.  
1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.  
1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.  
Note 1: For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
Note 2: A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.  
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4.1 Non-SI units are provided in Table 1 and Table 2 and in 7.1.2.1/7.1.2.2 because these are common units used in the industry.
Note 3: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
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  • Technical specification
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off