ASTM B417-22

Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluation of an important physical characteristic of a powder known as the apparent density. The measured apparent density bears a relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume die cavity. The degree of correlation between the results of this test and the performance of powders during use may vary with each particular application. Note, however, that the presence of moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes, and the temperature of the powder mass may alter the physical characteristics of the powder.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the apparent density of non-free-flowing metal powders. It is designed for those metal powders that do not freely flow through the Hall flowmeter funnel.  
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2022
• ICS: 77.160 - Powder metallurgy
• Technical Committee: B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
• Drafting Committee: B09.02 - Base Metal Powders

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B417 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using
1
the Carney Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
3. Terminology
apparent density of non-free-flowing metal powders. It is
3.1 Definitions—Terms in Terminology B243 are applicable
designed for those metal powders that do not freely flow
to this test method.
through the Hall flowmeter funnel.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and
4. Summary of Test Method
the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the
4.1 Avolumeofpowderispermittedtoflowintoacontainer
3
gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the
of definite volume under controlled conditions. The mass of
long-standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units
powderperunitvolumeisdeterminedandreportedasapparent
are to be regarded as standard.The values given in parentheses
density, Carney (AD ).
C
are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
5. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluation of an
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
important physical characteristic of a powder known as the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
apparent density. The measured apparent density bears a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
die cavity.The degree of correlation between the results of this
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
test and the performance of powders during use may vary with
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
each particular application. Note, however, that the presence of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes, and the tempera-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ture of the powder mass may alter the physical characteristics
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of the powder.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
3
6.1 Powder Flowmeter —A Carney Flowmeter (Fig. 1).
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
6.2 Density Cup —Acylindrical brass cup (Fig. 2) having a
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
3
capacity of 25 cm .The actual cup volume shall be determined
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
according toTest Method B873. If the measured volume of the
B873 Test Method for Measuring Volume ofApparent Den-
3
cup is outside the tolerance in Fig. 2 (25 6 0.03 cm ), the cup
sity Cup Used in Test Methods B212, B329, and B417
shall not be used.
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to 6.3 Stand—A stand (Fig. 1) to support the powder funnel
concentric with the density cup so that the bottom of the
powder funnel is approximately 1 in. (25 mm) above the top of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
the density cup when the apparatus is assembled as shown in
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
Fig. 1.
mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as B417 – 18. DOI:
3
10.1520/B0417-22. The sole source of supply of the flowmeter funnel, density cup, and stand
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or known to the committee at this time is ACu Powder International, LLC. If you are
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on tional Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting
1
the ASTM website. of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyri
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B417 − 18 B417 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using
1
the Carney Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the apparent density of non-free-flowing metal powders. It is designed
for those metal powders that do not freely flow through the Hall flowmeter funnel.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per
3
cubic centimeter (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only,only
and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B873 Test Method for Measuring Volume of Apparent Density Cup Used in Test Methods B212, B329, and B417
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terms in Terminology B243 are applicable to this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A volume of powder is permitted to flow into a container of definite volume under controlled conditions. The mass of powder
per unit volume is determined and reported as apparent density, Carney (AD ).
C
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B09.02
on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018Sept. 1, 2022. Published November 2018September 2022. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20132018
as B417 – 13.B417 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/B0417-18.10.1520/B0417-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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B417 − 22
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluation of an important physical characteristic of a powder known as the apparent
density. The measured apparent density bears a relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume die cavity. The
degree of correlation between the results of this test and the performance of powders during use may vary with each particular
application. Note, however, that the presence of moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes, and the temperature of the powder
mass may alter the physical characteristics of the powder.
6. Apparatus
3
6.1 Powder Flowmeter —A Carney Flowmeter (Fig. 1).
3 3
6.2 Density Cup —A cylindrical brass cup (Fig. 2) having a capacity of 25 cm . The actual cup volume shall be determined
3
according to Test Method B873. If the measured volume of the cup is outside the tolerance in Fig. 2 (25 6 0.03 cm )), the cup
shall not be used.
6.3 Stand—A stand (Fig. 1) to support the powder funnel concentric with the density cup so that the bottom of the powder funnel
is approximately 25 mm (1 in.) 1 in. (25 mm) above the top of the density cup when the apparatus is assembled as sho
...