ASTM E1226-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Pressure and Rate of Pressure Rise for Combustible Dusts
Standard Test Method for Pressure and Rate of Pressure Rise for Combustible Dusts
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a procedure for performing laboratory tests to evaluate deflagration parameters of dusts.
The data developed by this test method may be used for the purpose of sizing deflagration vents in conjunction with the nomographs published in NFPA 68, ISO 6184/1, or VDI 3673.
The values obtained by this testing technique are specific to the sample tested and the method used and are not to be considered intrinsic material constants.
For hard-to-ignite dusts with low KSt-values, a very strong ignitor may overdrive a 20-L chamber, as discussed in E1515 and Ref 2. If a dust has measurable (nonzero) Pmax- and KSt-values with a 5000 or 10 000-J ignitor but not with a 2500-J ignitor in a 20-L chamber, this may be an overdriven system. In this case, it is recommended that the dust be tested with a 10 000-J ignitor in a larger chamber such as a 1-m3 chamber to determine if it is actually explosible.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed to determine the deflagration parameters of a combustible dust-air mixture within a near-spherical closed vessel of 20 L or greater volume. The parameters measured are the maximum pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise.
1.2 Data obtained from this test method provide a relative measure of deflagration characteristics. The data have also been shown to be applicable to the design of protective measures, such as deflagration venting (1).
1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
Note 1—Historically, the evaluation of the deflagration parameters of maximum pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise has been done using a 1.2-L Hartmann Apparatus. Test Method E789, which describes this method, has been withdrawn. The use of data obtained from the test method in the design of explosion protection systems is not recommended.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E1226 – 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Pressure and Rate of Pressure Rise for Combustible Dusts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The primary objective for the laboratory determination of the dust deflagration index, K , the
St
maximumpressure,P ,andthemaximumrateofpressurerise,(dP/dt) ,istheuseofthesevalues
max max
for the design of protection systems. These parameters provide a measure of the potential severity of
adeflagrationofacombustibledust-airmixture.Theseparametersareafunctionofmanyfactors,such
as the turbulence, concentration, and homogeneity of the dust-air mixture; the type, energy, and
locationoftheignitionsource;thegeometryofthetestvessel;theparticlesizedistributionofthedust;
and the initial temperature and pressure of the tested mixture. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a
standard laboratory test method, the data from which can be referenced against data from large-scale
testing. For information on the sizing of deflagration vents, see NFPA68.
This test method describes procedures for explosibility testing of dusts in laboratory chambers that
have volumes of 20 Lor greater. It is the purpose of this test method to provide information that can
be used to predict the effects of an industrial scale deflagration of a dust-air mixture without requiring
large-scale tests.
NOTE 1—Historically, the evaluation of the deflagration parameters of
1. Scope
maximum pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise has been done
1.1 This test method is designed to determine the deflagra-
using a 1.2-L Hartmann Apparatus. Test Method E789, which describes
tion parameters of a combustible dust-air mixture within a
this method, has been withdrawn. The use of data obtained from the test
near-spherical closed vessel of 20 L or greater volume. The
methodinthedesignofexplosionprotectionsystemsisnotrecommended.
parameters measured are the maximum pressure and the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
maximum rate of pressure rise.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 Data obtained from this test method provide a relative
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
measure of deflagration characteristics. The data have also
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
been shown to be applicable to the design of protective
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
measures, such as deflagration venting (1).
1.3 Thistestmethodshouldbeusedtomeasureanddescribe
2. Referenced Documents
the properties of materials in response to heat and flame under
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to
D3173 Test Method for Moisture in theAnalysis Sample of
describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials,
Coal and Coke
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However,
D3175 Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis
results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk
Sample of Coal and Coke
assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are
E789 TestMethodforDustExplosionsina1.2-LitreClosed
pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end
4
Cylindrical Vessel
use.
E1515 TestMethodforMinimumExplosibleConcentration
of Combustible Dusts
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E27 on Hazard
Potential of Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.05 on
3
Explosibility and Ignitability of Dust Clouds. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
´1
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1226–05 . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1226-09. the ASTM website.
2 4
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
this test method. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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E1226 – 09
2.2 NFPA Publication:
5
NFPA 68 Guide for Deflagration Venting
2.3 VDI Standard:
6
VDI-3673 Pressure Release of Dust Explosions
2.4 ISO Standard:
ISO 6184/1 Explosion Protection Systems, Part 1, Determi-
7
nation of Explosion Indices
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1226–05 Designation: E1226 – 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Pressure and Rate of Pressure Rise for Combustible Dusts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The primary objective for the laboratory determination of the dust deflagration index, K , the
St
maximumpressure,P ,andthemaximumrateofpressurerise,(dP/dt) ,istheuseofthesevalues
max max
for the design of protection systems. These parameters provide a measure of the potential severity of
adeflagrationofacombustibledust-airmixture.Theseparametersareafunctionofmanyfactors,such
as the turbulence, concentration, and homogeneity of the dust-air mixture; the type, energy, and
locationoftheignitionsource;thegeometryofthetestvessel;theparticlesizedistributionofthedust;
and the initial temperature and pressure of the tested mixture. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a
standard laboratory test method, the data from which can be referenced against data from large-scale
testing. For information on the sizing of deflagration vents, see NFPA 68.
This test method describes procedures for explosibility testing of dusts in laboratory chambers that
have volumes of 20 Lor greater. It is the purpose of this test method to provide information that can
be used to predict the effects of an industrial scale deflagration of a dust-air mixture without requiring
large-scale tests.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is designed to determine the deflagration parameters of a combustible dust-air mixture within a
near-spherical closed vessel of 20 L or greater volume. The parameters measured are the maximum pressure and the maximum
rate of pressure rise.
1.2 Data obtained from this test method provide a relative measure of deflagration characteristics. The data have also been
2
shown to be applicable to the design of protective measures, such as deflagration venting (1).
1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials in response to heat and flame under
controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products,
orassembliesunderactualfireconditions.However,resultsofthistestmaybeusedaselementsofafireriskassessmentthattakes
into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
NOTE1—The 1—Historically, the evaluation of the deflagration parameters of maximum pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise can also behas
been done using a 1.2-L Hartmann Apparatus. Test Method E789, has been published regarding this application; however, the use of these data in the
designofdeflagrationventingandcontainmentsystemsisnotrecommended.,whichdescribesthismethod,hasbeenwithdrawn.Theuseofdataobtained
from the test method in the design of explosion protection systems is not recommended.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3173 Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
D3175 Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E27 on Hazard Potential of Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.05 on
Explosibility and Ignitability of Dust Clouds.
Current edition approved Sept.Nov. 15, 2005.2009. Published November 2005.January 2010. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20002005
´1
as E1226–005 . DOI: 10.1520/E1226-05. DOI: 10.1520/E1226-09.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this test method.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1226
...
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