ASTM D6452-18
(Guide)Standard Guide for Purging Methods for Wells Used for Ground Water Quality Investigations
Standard Guide for Purging Methods for Wells Used for Ground Water Quality Investigations
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Purging is done for a variety of reasons and the purging method may depend on the hydrogeologic setting, condition of the well, or the contaminants of interest and well production rates. well hydrological conditions, condition of the well, or the contaminants of interest, and well production rates. This guide presents an approach for selecting an appropriate purging method if purging is to be performed., Water above the screened interval or open borehole may not accurately reflect ambient ground water chemistry.
Note 1: Some sampling methods, such as passive sampling, do not require the practice of purging prior to sample collection (1,2).3
4.2 There are various methods for purging. Each purging method may have a different volume of influence within the aquifer or screened interval. Therefore, a sample collected after purging by any one method is not necessarily equivalent to samples collected after purging by the other methods. The selection of the appropriate method will be dependent on several factors, which should be defined during the development of the sampling and analysis plan. This guide describes the methods available and defines the circumstances under which each method may be appropriate.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods for purging wells used for ground water quality investigations and monitoring programs. These methods could be used for other types of programs but are not addressed in this guide.
1.2 This guide applies only to wells sampled at the wellhead.
1.3 This standard describes seven methods (A-G) for the selection of purging methods.
Method A—Fixed Volume Purging,
Method B—Purging Based on Stabilization of Indicator Parameters,
Method C—Purging Based on Stabilization of Target Analytes,
Method D—Purging Based on Fixed Volume Combined with Indicator Parameter Stabilization,
Method E—Low Flow/Low Volume (Minimal Drawdown) Purging,
Method F—Well Evacuation Purging, and
Method G—Use of Packers in Purging.
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6452 − 18
Standard Guide for
Purging Methods for Wells Used for Ground Water Quality
1
Investigations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6452; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This guide covers methods for purging wells used for
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
ground water quality investigations and monitoring programs.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
These methods could be used for other types of programs but
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
are not addressed in this guide.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 This guide applies only to wells sampled at the well-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
head.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 This standard describes seven methods (A-G) for the
2. Referenced Documents
selection of purging methods.
2
Method A—Fixed Volume Purging,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Method B—Purging Based on Stabilization of Indicator
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Parameters,
Fluids
Method C—Purging Based on Stabilization of Target
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
Analytes,
Used at Waste Sites
Method D—Purging Based on Fixed Volume Combined
D5092/D5092M Practice for Design and Installation of
with Indicator Parameter Stabilization,
Groundwater Monitoring Wells
Method E—Low Flow/Low Volume (Minimal Drawdown)
D5521/D5521M Guide for Development of Groundwater
Purging,
Monitoring Wells in Granular Aquifers
Method F—Well Evacuation Purging, and
D6089 Guide for Documenting a Groundwater Sampling
Method G—Use of Packers in Purging.
Event
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information D6771 Practice for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling for
Wells and Devices Used for Ground-Water Quality Inves-
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
course of action. This document cannot replace education or tigations
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all 3. Terminology
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
3.1 Definitions:
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in this
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide
3.2.1 fixed volume purging, n—in ground water sampling,
means only that the document has been approved through the
removing a specified number of well volumes to achieve
ASTM consensus process.
purging.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 flow-through cell (purging), n—in ground water
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sampling, a vessel that allows purge water to pass over sensors
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
for continuous measurement of indicator parameters.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeD18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ɛ1
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6452–99(2012) . Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D6452-18. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6452 − 18
3
require the practice of purging prior to sample collection (1,2).
3.2.3 grab sampling device, n—in ground water sampling,a
bailer or similar device that removes an aliquot of water from
4.2 There are various methods for purging. Each purging
the well with each insertion and removal
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D6452 − 99 (Reapproved 2012) D6452 − 18
Standard Guide for
Purging Methods for Wells Used for Groundwater Ground
1
Water Quality Investigations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6452; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in July 2012.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide covers methods for purging wells used for groundwater ground water quality investigations and monitoring
programs. These methods could be used for other types of programs but are not addressed in this guide.
1.2 This guide applies only to wells sampled at the wellhead.
1.3 This standard describes seven methods (A-G) for the selection of purging methods. Method A—Fixed Volume Purging,
Method B—Purging Based on Stabilization of Indicator Parameters, Method C—Purging Based on Stabilization of Target
Analytes, Method D—Purging Based on Fixed Volume Combined with Indicator Parameter Stabilization, Method E—Low
Flow/Low Volume (Minimal Drawdown) Purging, Method F—Well Evacuation Purging, and Method G—Use of Packers in
Purging.
Method A—Fixed Volume Purging,
Method B—Purging Based on Stabilization of Indicator Parameters,
Method C—Purging Based on Stabilization of Target Analytes,
Method D—Purging Based on Fixed Volume Combined with Indicator Parameter Stabilization,
Method E—Low Flow/Low Volume (Minimal Drawdown) Purging,
Method F—Well Evacuation Purging, and
Method G—Use of Packers in Purging.
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this documente be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and to determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2018. Published November 2012December 2018. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20052012
ɛ1
as D6452–99(2005).D6452–99(2012) . DOI: 10.1520/D6452-99R12E01.10.1520/D6452-18.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6452 − 18
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D4750 Test Method for
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6452 − 18
Standard Guide for
Purging Methods for Wells Used for Ground Water Quality
1
Investigations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6452; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This guide covers methods for purging wells used for
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
ground water quality investigations and monitoring programs.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
These methods could be used for other types of programs but
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
are not addressed in this guide.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 This guide applies only to wells sampled at the well-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
head.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 This standard describes seven methods (A-G) for the
selection of purging methods. 2. Referenced Documents
2
Method A—Fixed Volume Purging,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Method B—Purging Based on Stabilization of Indicator
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Parameters,
Fluids
Method C—Purging Based on Stabilization of Target
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
Analytes,
Used at Waste Sites
Method D—Purging Based on Fixed Volume Combined
D5092/D5092M Practice for Design and Installation of
with Indicator Parameter Stabilization,
Groundwater Monitoring Wells
Method E—Low Flow/Low Volume (Minimal Drawdown)
D5521/D5521M Guide for Development of Groundwater
Purging,
Monitoring Wells in Granular Aquifers
Method F—Well Evacuation Purging, and
D6089 Guide for Documenting a Groundwater Sampling
Method G—Use of Packers in Purging.
Event
D6771 Practice for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling for
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific Wells and Devices Used for Ground-Water Quality Inves-
tigations
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
3. Terminology
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
3.1 Definitions:
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in this
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide
3.2.1 fixed volume purging, n—in ground water sampling,
means only that the document has been approved through the
removing a specified number of well volumes to achieve
ASTM consensus process.
purging.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 flow-through cell (purging), n—in ground water
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sampling, a vessel that allows purge water to pass over sensors
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
for continuous measurement of indicator parameters.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ɛ1
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6452–99(2012) . Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D6452-18. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6452 − 18
3
require the practice of purging prior to sample collection (1,2).
3.2.3 grab sampling device, n—in ground water sampling, a
bailer or similar device that removes an aliquot of water from
4.2 There are various methods for purging. Each purging
the well with each insertion and removal from the well.
method may have a different volume of influence within the
aquifer or screened interval. Therefore, a sample collected after
3.2.4
...
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