ASTM D1423-02

Standard Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount and direction of twist at the completion of any stage of twisting in single (spun or filament), plied, cabled, or novelty (exclusive of long-term repeat patterns) yarns. The procedures are designed primarily for yarns in packages, but, with special precautions, they are applicable to yarns taken from fabrics. The procedure for spun yarn in is also applicable to rovings.
1.2 For plied yarns, this test method covers the determination of the twist of the plied yarns and the twist of the single yarn before plying. For cabled yarns, the test method covers the determination of the cable or hawser twist; the twist of the plied yarn after plying, but prior to the last twisting operation; and the twist of the single yarn before plying. Procedures are also included for the determination of the twists of the single and plied yarn components as they lie in the final structure. Also, directions are included for the determination of twist in plied yarn made with direct cabling technology.
1.3 This test method is not intended for yarns that extend more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 2.5 to 7.5 mN/tex (0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex). Following the procedures of this test method for such yarns would be independent of the bias and precision determined for this test method. The report from such testing should include the tension used for this testing.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance within this test method.
Note 1—For a more rapid but less accurate method of determining twist in single spun yarns, refer to Test Method D 1422.
Note 2—This test method has been evaluated for use in determining twist in open end yarns and is not recommended.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-2002
• ICS: 59.080.20 - Yarns
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1423-99 - Standard Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D579/D579M-15 - Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D1422/D1422M-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Twist in Single Spun Yarns by the Untwist-Retwist Method
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D4849-21 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5446-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D580/D580M-15 - Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Tapes and Webbings
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D1059-17(2022) - Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 1423 – 02
Standard Test Method for
1
Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1423; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
anddirectionoftwistatthecompletionofanystageoftwisting
insingle(spunorfilament),plied,cabled,ornovelty(exclusive
2. Referenced Documents
of long-term repeat patterns) yarns. The procedures are de-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
signed primarily for yarns in packages, but, with special
2
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
precautions, they are applicable to yarns taken from fabrics.
D 1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-
The procedure for spun yarn in 9.2 is also applicable to
2
Length Specimens
rovings.
D 1422 Test Method for Twist in Single Spun Yarns by the
1.2 For plied yarns, this test method covers the determina-
2
Untwist-Retwist Method
tion of the twist of the plied yarns and the twist of the single
D 1425 Test Method for Unevenness of Textile Strands
yarnbeforeplying.Forcabledyarns,thetestmethodcoversthe
2
Using Capacitance Testing Equipment
determination of the cable or hawser twist; the twist of the
2
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles for
plied yarn after plying, but prior to the last twisting operation;
D 1907 Test Method for Yarn Number by the Skein
and the twist of the single yarn before plying. Procedures are
2
Method
also included for the determination of the twists of the single
2
D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
and plied yarn components as they lie in the final structure.
3
D 3888 Terminology Relating to Open-End Spinning
Also, directions are included for the determination of twist in
3
D 4849 Terminology Relating to Fibers and Yarns
plied yarn made with direct cabling technology.
1.3 This test method is not intended for yarns that extend
3. Terminology
more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 2.5 to 7.5
3.1 Refer to Terminology D 4849 for definitions of the
mN/tex (0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex). Following the procedures of this
following terms used in this standard: direction of twist, single
test method for such yarns would be independent of the bias
yarn, spun yarn, twist, twist factor, twist multiplier, and yarn.
and precision determined for this test method. The report from
3.2 Refer to Terminology D 123 and Terminology D 3888
such testing should include the tension used for this testing.
for definitions of other terms used in this standard.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
be regarded separately as standard.Within the text, the SI units
4. Summary of Test Method
are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are
4.1 A specified length of specimen is mounted in a twist
not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
device. One end is rotated until all the elements are free of
independently of the other. Combining values from the two
twist. The number of turns is counted and the turns per unit
systems may result in nonconformance within this test method.
length are calculated.
NOTE 1—For a more rapid but less accurate method of determining
4.2 The amount of twist in the component elements of a
twist in single spun yarns, refer to Test Method D 1422.
plied or cabled yarn is determined by either of two options.
NOTE 2—This test method has been evaluated for use in determining
4.2.1 In the procedure for determining original twist, one
twist in open end yarns and is not recommended.
end of the yarn is fixed while the other end is rotated until the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
structural components are parallel. Any one or all of these
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
components may then be used as test specimens.
4.2.2 In the procedure for determining final twist in com-
ponents, both ends of one component of the yarn are held fixed
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarn Test Methods,
General.
2
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2002. Published November 2002. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
3
published as D 1423 – 56 T. Last previous edition D 1423– 99. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
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