ASTM F1140-07(2012)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Internal Pressurization Failure Resistance of Unrestrained Packages
Standard Test Methods for Internal Pressurization Failure Resistance of Unrestrained Packages
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods provide a rapid means of evaluating tendencies for package failure when the package is exposed to a pressure differential. Pressure differentials may occur during processes such as sterilization and transportation.
5.2 These test methods are frequently used to quickly evaluate packages during the manufacturing process and at various stages of the package's life cycle.
5.3 If correlations between pieces of test equipment are to be made, it is important that all parameters of the test method be exactly the same. Typical parameters may include, but are not limited to, package size, material, seal configuration, test equipment, rate of air flow into the package, sensitivity (machine response to pressure drop), and position of test article (see Fig. 1).
FIG. 1 Open Package Test Positions
5.4 These test methods do not necessarily provide correlation with actual package seal strength as typically measured using Test Method F88 (or equivalent).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods explain the procedure for determining the ability of packages to withstand internal pressurization.
1.2 The burst test increasingly pressurizes the package until the package fails.
1.3 The creep test maintains a specified pressure for a specified time or until the package fails.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: F1140 − 07(Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Methods for
Internal Pressurization Failure Resistance of Unrestrained
Packages
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 These test methods explain the procedure for determin-
4.1 Test Method A (Burst Test)—Packages are tested in an
ing the ability of packages to withstand internal pressurization. apparatus that internally pressurizes the package until the
package fails. The pneumatic supply and pressurization equip-
1.2 The burst test increasingly pressurizes the package until
ment need the capability to maintain an increasing pressure
the package fails.
until the package bursts. The test measure is the maximum
1.3 The creep test maintains a specified pressure for a
pressure detected before the package fails.
specified time or until the package fails.
4.2 Test Method B (Creep Test)—Packages are tested in
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
apparatus that internally pressurizes the package to a specified
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pressure and maintains that internal package pressure for a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specific time. The test measure is pass/fail.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.3 Test Method B (Creep to Failure)—Packages are creep-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2
tested and held until the package fails. Test setup is similar to
2. Referenced Documents that of the Creep Test except the pressure setting will need to
be higher to ensure the package fails in a reasonable amount of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
time (that is, about 15 s). The test measure is the time until
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
failure.
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
Packaging Components for Testing
5. Significance and Use
F88 Test Method for Seal Strength of Flexible Barrier
Materials
5.1 These test methods provide a rapid means of evaluating
tendencies for package failure when the package is exposed to
3. Terminology
a pressure differential. Pressure differentials may occur during
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: processes such as sterilization and transportation.
3.1.1 flexible—indicates a material of the proper flexural
5.2 These test methods are frequently used to quickly
strength and thickness to permit a turn back at an appropriate
evaluate packages during the manufacturing process and at
180° angle. In order to fulfill all terms of the definition, at least
various stages of the package’s life cycle.
one of the sealed materials must be flexible.
5.3 If correlations between pieces of test equipment are to
3.1.2 package failure—refers to rupture of seal or material.
be made, it is important that all parameters of the test method
3.1.3 restraint—a mechanism that prevents package move-
be exactly the same. Typical parameters may include, but are
ment during inflation.
not limited to, package size, material, seal configuration, test
equipment, rate of air flow into the package, sensitivity
(machineresponsetopressuredrop),andpositionoftestarticle
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on
FlexibleBarrierPackagingandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF02.20
(see Fig. 1).
on Physical Properties.
5.4 These test methods do not necessarily provide correla-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1140 – 07. DOI:
tion with actual package seal strength as typically measured
10.1520/F1140-07R12.
using Test Method F88 (or equivalent).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 6. Apparatus
the ASTM website.
6.1 Packages are tested under unrestrained conditions as
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. follows:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1140 − 07 (2012)
6.2.3 Pressure Regulator, intended to maintain steady or
increasing pressure in the package.
NOTE1—Ifthepressureregulatorcannotprovidethenecessaryvolume,
the porosity of the sample may need to be limited. (See Appendix X1.)
7. Sampling
7.1 Choose the number of test specimens to permit an
adequatedeterminationofrepresentativeperformance.Practice
D1898 provides guidance to test specimen selection.Testing of
specimens with visual defects or other deviations from normal-
ity may or may not be appropriate, depending on the purpose
of investigation. Indiscriminate elimination of defects can bias
results.
8. Conditioning
8.1 Standard Test Conditions—Conditionpackagesandcon-
duct testing in accordance with Practice D4332.
8.2 If the test methods are conducted in other than standard
test conditions, record the temperature and relative humidity at
the time of the test method.
9. Procedure
9.1 Test Method A (Burst Test)—Place the package in the
apparatus and increase the internal pressure until a failure
occurs.
9.1.1 Open Package Test:
9.1.1.1 Package Preparation—The package may be tested
with or without the product enclosed. Record the package test
preparation.
9.1.1.2 Place the package in the test apparatus, and set the
specifiedparameters.Theopenpackagetestermustbeadjusted
such that the tester does not restrain the package from forming
its normal unrestricted height at the time of the burst.
NOTE 2—The package is typically positioned in one of the positions
shown in Fig. 1. Different positions may result in different test values and,
therefore, the final report should specify which position was chosen.
9.1.1.3 Begin the test method by starting the inflation
process. The rate of pressurization may affect the test results
and must not exceed the response rate of the pressure indicator.
Continue pressurization until a failure occurs.
9.1.1.4 Visually examine the package, and note the position
and type of failure (material or seal) and the pressure at which
it occurred.
9.1.2 Closed Package Test:
9.1.2.1 Package Preparation—The package may be tested
with or without the product enclosed. Record the package test
preparation.
9.1.2.2 Position the completely sealed package in the test
FIG. 1 Open Package Test Positions
apparatus and carefully insert the pressurization entry device
(see Fig. 2). The center of the package is the preferred point of
6.1.1 Open Package Tester, used to test flexible packages entry. Location variations of the entry point may affect the
with one opened side. results of the test. Record the location of entry and perform all
6.1.2 Closed Package Tester, internally pressurizes the com- sample testing at this same location.
pletely sealed package through a puncture.
NOTE 3—It is important not to damage other package surfaces when
inserting the needle. If the package material tears easily, reinforce the
6.2 The test apparatus for both open and closed package
point of entry with tape or equivalent.
testing shall include the following:
6.2.1 Means of Measuring the Pressure Inside the Package, 9.1.2.3 Begin the test method by starting the inflation
6.2.2 Timer, and process. The rate of pressurization may affect the test results
F1140 − 07 (2012)
9.2.1.3 Begin the test method by starting the inflation
process. The rate of pressurization may affect the test results
and must not exceed the response rate of the pressure indicator.
Inflate the package to a specified pressure and hold for a
specified time, typically a value between 15 and 30 s.
9.2.1.4 During the pressurization and hold cycle (9.2.1.3),
observe the package to determine yielding of the seal or other
deformation that indicates a tendency to fail.
9.2.1.5 This test method is complete when a specified time
elapses or a failure occurs. Note the time elapsed and pressure
reading. Visually examine the package and note the position
and type of any failure (material or seal) and the pressure at
which it occurred.
NOTE 4—Failure of a package to reach its intended test pressure may be
a result of insufficient volume delivery of air. See Appendix X1.
9.2.
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