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ASTM D7156-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics in a diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation, including viscosity increase and soot concentrations (loading). This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-11.
1.1.1 This test method also provides the procedure for running an abbreviated length test, which is commonly referred to as the T-11A. The procedures for the T-11A are identical to the T-11 with the exception of the items specifically listed in . Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in refer to the corresponding section of the T-11 procedure.
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the test method, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses when combined with SI units. The only exception is where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing sizes.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See for specific safety hazards.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2006
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0 - Automotive Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7156-05 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D7156-07 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006

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ASTM D7156-06 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel EngineASTM D7156-06 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
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ASTM D7156-06 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D7156–06
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas
1
Recirculation Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
4
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for 2.1 ASTM Standards:
evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics in D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
a diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation, Atmospheric Pressure
2
includingviscosityincreaseandsootconcentrations(loading). D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
3
This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-11. Closed Cup Tester
1.1.1 This test method also provides the procedure for D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
runninganabbreviatedlengthtest,whichiscommonlyreferred D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
to as the T-11A. The procedures for the T-11Aare identical to eral Bomb Method)
the T-11 with the exception of the items specifically listed in D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from
Annex A8. Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
Annex A8 refer to the corresponding section of the T-11 D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
procedure. (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to D287 TestMethodforAPIGravityofCrudePetroleumand
be regarded separately as the standard.Within the test method, Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses when combined D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
with SI units.The only exception is where there is no direct SI and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/ ity)
diameters, and tubing sizes. D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Petroleum Products
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- D664 TestMethodforAcidNumberofPetroleumProducts
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. SeeAnnexA6 for by Potentiometric Titration
specific safety hazards. D976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-
late Fuels
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D7156–05. D2500 TestMethodforCloudPointofPetroleumProducts
2
The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this test
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
method by means of Information Letters. This edition includes all information
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
letters through 06-2. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489,Attention:Admin-
istrator.
3
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent
4
rightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentionedinthisstandard.Usersofthis For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
responsibility. the ASTM website
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7156–06
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge 3.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), n—the mixing of
exhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogen
D3524 Tes
...

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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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1.4.2 The viscosity data used for Procedure D precision study was from 6400 mPa·s to 256 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –26 °C and –40 °C.  
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5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
5.2 The bromine number of commercial aliphatic monoolefins provides supporting evidence of their purity and identity.
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5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
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1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
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1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
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Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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SCOPE
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1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    9 pages
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