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ASTM D2261-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)

Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the tongue (single rip) procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine.
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearing strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. As a consequence, these test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in Appendix X1.
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knit fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting.
1.3 Tear strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.
1.4 Two calculations for tongue tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak forces.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units may be approximate.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2007
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2261-96(2002) - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D2261-07a - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5446-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3780-22 - Standard Performance Specification for Men's and Boys' Woven Dress Suit Fabrics and Woven Sportswear Jacket, Slack, and Trouser Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7019-20 - Standard Performance Specification for Brassiere, Slip, Lingerie and Underwear Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4232-23 - Standard Performance Specification for Woven Career Apparel Fabrics: Dress and Vocational
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D1424-21 - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4155-22 - Standard Performance Specification for Women's and Girls' Woven Sportswear, Shorts, Slacks, and Suiting Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3691/D3691M-19 - Standard Performance Specification for Woven, Lace, and Knit Household Curtain and Drapery Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM F2715-19 - Standard Specification for Temporary Protective Equipotential Bond Mat To Be Used on De-Energized Equipment
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3994-22 - Standard Performance Specification for Woven Swimwear Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4116-20 - Standard Performance Specification for Women's and Girls' Knitted and Woven Corset-Girdle-Combination Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4769-12(2018)e1 - Standard Specification for Woven and Warp Knitted Comforter Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4037-02(2019) - Standard Performance Specification for Woven, Knitted, or Flocked Bedspread Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5433-12(2019) - Standard Performance Specification for Towel Products for Institutional and Household Use
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007

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ASTM D2261-07 - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)ASTM D2261-07 - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
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ASTM D2261-07 - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D2261–07
Standard Test Method for
Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip)
Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing
1
Machine)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2261; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing 2.1 ASTM Standards:
strength of textile fabrics by the tongue (single rip) procedure D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) ten- D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
sile testing machine. D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
preferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearing D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
3
strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse- Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. As a D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
3
consequence, these test instruments may be used when agreed Textiles
upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included inAppendix Related Properties of Textiles
X1. D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including Methods
woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knit
3. Terminology
fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics. The fabrics may be
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.60, Fabric Test
untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise
treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or Methods, Specific, refer to Terminology D 4850.D4850
3.2 For all terminology related to Force, Deformation and
without wetting.
Related Properties of Textiles, refer to Terminology
1.3 Tear strength, as measured in this test method, requires
that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value D 4848D4848.
3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate
or start a tear. cross-machine direction, CD, fabric, machine direction, MD,
peak force, in tear testing of fabrics, tearing force, in fabric,
1.4 Two calculations for tongue tearing strength are pro-
vided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest tearing strength, in fabric.
3.3 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
peak forces.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units Terminology D 123.D123
are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units may
4. Summary of Test Method
be approximate.
4.1 Arectangular specimen, cut in the center of a short edge
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
toformatwo-tongued(trousershaped)specimen,inwhichone
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tongue of the specimen is gripped in the upper jaw and the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
other tongue is gripped in the lower jaw of a tensile testing
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
machine. The separation of the jaws is continuously increased
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Specific. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1964. Discontinued November 1995 and reinstated as D 2261–95. Last Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
previous edition approved in 2002 as D 2261–96(2002). on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest
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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.  
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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off