CEN/TR 17144:2017

Resistance of metallic materials to liquid biogenic and alternative fuels and their blends

This Technical Report includes application-relevant metallic materials of supply systems for liquid fuels and their blends with regard to corrosive or service life reducing influences. Assessment of the specialist literature showed possible interactions with biogenic and alternative fuels and motor fuels as well as their blends with mineral oil and motor fuels. The results of this assessment are given in this CEN/TR.

Beständigkeit metallischer Werkstoffe gegenüber flüssigen biogenen und alternativen Brennstoffen und deren Blends

Résistance des matériaux métalliques aux biocombustibles liquides, aux combustibles liquides alternatifs et à leurs mélanges

Le présent Rapport technique recense les matériaux métalliques appropriés d'un point de vue pratique pour les systèmes d'alimentation en combustibles liquides et leurs mélanges en ce qui concerne les effets corrosifs ou réducteurs de la durée de vie. L'analyse de la littérature technique a montré de possibles interactions avec les biocombustibles, les combustibles alternatifs, les carburants pour moteur ainsi que leurs mélanges composés d'huiles minérales et de carburants pour moteur. Les résultats de cette analyse sont indiqués dans le présent CEN/TR.

Odpornost kovinskih materialov proti tekočim biogorivom in alternativnim gorivom in njihovim zmesem

To tehnično poročilo vključuje kovinske materiale napajalnih sistemov za tekoča goriva in njihove zmesi, ki so pomembni za aplikacijo, v zvezi s korozivnimi vplivi ali vplivi na skrajšanje življenjske dobe. Ocenjevanje strokovne literature je prikazalo mogoče interakcije z biogenimi in alternativnimi gorivi in motornimi gorivi ter njihovimi zmesmi z mineralnimi olji in motornimi gorivi. Rezultati tega ocenjevanja so podani v tem standardu CEN/TR.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 12-Sep-2017
• ICS: 77.060 - Corrosion of metals
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 131 - Gas burners using fans
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 47/WG 4 - Oil supply systems
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 13-Sep-2017
• Due Date: 05-Jun-2018
• Completion Date: 13-Sep-2017
• Ref Project: SIST-TP CEN/TR 17144:2018 - Resistance of metallic materials to liquid biogenic and alternative fuels and their blends

Overview

CEN/TR 17144:2017 is a Technical Report from CEN that reviews the resistance of metallic materials to liquid biogenic and alternative fuels and their blends. It compiles specialist literature on how common metals and alloys used in fuel supply systems behave when exposed to biogenic fuels (e.g., FAME/biodiesel), alternative liquid fuels, and blends with mineral motor fuels. The report identifies material groups, fuel categories, corrosion observations and references relevant test methods.

Key topics

• Scope and terms - definitions for liquid fuel, liquid biogenic fuel, liquid alternative fuel, blend and motor fuel.
• Material inventory - a detailed list (Table 1) of application-relevant metallic materials used in supply systems: many aluminium alloys and cast aluminium, copper and copper alloys, a wide range of brasses and zinc die‑casting alloys. Note: steels, stainless steels and cast iron were not limited by known resistance issues in the reviewed literature.
• Fuel categories (Clause 5):
  • Category A: petroleum‑derived liquid fuels (low viscosity diesel-type fuels)
  • Category B: liquid fuels from renewable resources (e.g., FAME per EN 14214)
  • Category C: mixtures of A and B (e.g., diesel per EN 590)
• Material resistance evidence - collated literature (Table 2) rates resistance of aluminium, copper, brass and zinc to fuels (0 = no info; 1 = resistant; 4 = not resistant). Findings indicate variable behaviour: aluminium often performs well, while copper/brass can be susceptible in several studies; zinc alloys can form deposits in presence of water.
• Test procedures - recommended testing approaches reference ASTM G1, ASTM G31, NACE/TM 01‑69 and ISO 7120 (immersion, stirred conditions, temperature-controlled tests). Emphasis is placed on selecting test conditions that reflect actual service conditions.
• Material selection guidance - recommendations on avoiding or replacing susceptible non‑ferrous metals in certain fuel blends and limiting service life reduction by appropriate material choice.

Applications and users

Who benefits from CEN/TR 17144:

• Fuel system designers and manufacturers (tanks, piping, nozzles, burners)
• Component suppliers and OEMs verifying compatibility with bio‑blends
• Corrosion engineers and materials specialists performing compatibility testing
• Fuel producers and distributors assessing blend impacts
• Standards committees and national regulators developing fuel/material requirements

Practical uses:

• Screening materials for new fuel blends (including FAME content up to commonly discussed 30% V/V)
• Designing supply-system components to minimize corrosion risk
• Defining test protocols that reflect field conditions for accelerated compatibility testing

Related standards / test methods

• ASTM G1, ASTM G31, NACE/TM 01‑69 (immersion/corrosion test guidance)
• ISO 7120 (steel pin corrosion test)
• EN 14214 (FAME), EN 590 (diesel) - cited fuel standards referenced in the report

Keywords: CEN/TR 17144:2017, material compatibility, biodiesel, FAME, fuel blends, corrosion testing, metallic resistance, ASTM G1, NACE, fuel supply systems.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2018
2GSRUQRVWNRYLQVNLKPDWHULDORYSURWLWHNRþLPELRJRULYRPLQDOWHUQDWLYQLP
JRULYRPLQQMLKRYLP]PHVHP
Resistance of metallic materials to liquid biogenic and alternative fuels and their blends
Beständigkeit metallischer Werkstoffe gegenüber flüssigen biogenen und alternativen
Brennstoffen und deren Blends
Résistance des matériaux métalliques aux biocombustibles liquides, aux combustibles
liquides alternatifs et à leurs mélanges
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 17144:2017
ICS:
77.040.01 Preskušanje kovin na Testing of metals in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN/TR 17144
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
September 2017
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 77.060
English Version
Resistance of metallic materials to liquid biogenic and
alternative fuels and their blends
Résistance des matériaux métalliques aux Beständigkeit metallischer Werkstoffe gegenüber
biocombustibles liquides, aux combustibles liquides flüssigen biogenen und alternativen Brennstoffen und
alternatifs et à leurs mélanges deren Blends

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 4 September 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 47.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 17144:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Materials . 6
5 Liquid fuels . 8
6 Resistance of metallic materials to liquid biogenic and alternative fuels and their
blends . 8
7 Test procedure on resistance . 12
8 Recommendations on material selection for components in supply systems . 13
9 Conclusion . 13
Annex A (informative) National requirements for liquid fuels . 14
A.1 General. 14
A.2 Category A: Liquid fuels derived from petroleum refining processes . 14
A.3 Category B: Liquid fuels from renewable resources . 14
A.4 Category C: Combinations of category A and B . 15
Bibliography . 16
European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 17144:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 47
“Atomizing oil burners and their components - Function - Safety - Testing”, the secretariat of which is
held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
Introduction
Both the limited range and scope of crude oil and other fossil energy sources, as well as the impact on
the climate resulting from the anthropogenic output of greenhouse gases, have led to a politically
induced initiation of the restructuring of energy usage.
In addition to increasing actual efficiency in the technical utilization of fossil energy sources, the focus is
on the development and expansion of renewable energies. The integration of regenerative resources in
sustainable heat generation can reduce the output of greenhouse gases such as CO , as well as the need
for fossil energy sources. As a bio-component of blends, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) is currently
used. As a result of the chemical/physical properties, as well as evaporation and combustion
characteristics, experience shows that an admixture is possible up to 30 % (V/V) FAME [22, 23]. Due to
the possible interactions of the blends with components and in particular with non-ferrous metals such
as copper/brass, the manufacturers of consuming units and devices have approved their products only
to a limited extent for such an admixture. By contrast, the manufacturers of tanks and components in
the fuel piping consider their products to also be suitable for blends with higher admixtures.
However, with regard to the increasing market penetration of blends as a liquid fuel with biogenic or
alternative admixtures, requirements for the materials used should be defined and stipulated as
standard. There is, therefore, the need to prove the resistance of the materials used against these fuels.
1 Scope
This Technical Report includes application-relevant metallic materials of supply systems for liquid fuels
and their blends with regard to corrosive or service life reducing influences. Assessment of the
specialist literature showed possible interactions with biogenic and alternative fuels and motor fuels as
well as their blends with mineral oil and motor fuels. The results of this assessment are given in this
CEN/TR.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
material
raw, semi-finished or finished substance of given characteristics from which processing into a
component or part is undertaken
[SOURCE: EN 16603-10-03:2014, 3.1.12, modified: deletion of “(gaseous, liquid, solid)”]
3.2
corrosion
physicochemical interaction between a metal and its environment that results in changes in the
properties of the metal, and which may lead to significant impairment of the function of the metal, the
environment, or the technical system, of which these form a part
[SOURCE: EN ISO 8044:2015, 2.1, modified: deletion of the note]
3.3
liquid fuel
fuel which consists of mineral fuel based fractions and which remains in its liquid state under standard
temperature and pressure conditions
[SOURCE: EN 13878:2003, 3.22, modified: added mineral fuel based fractions]
3.4
liquid biogenic fuel
liquid fuel which consists 100 % (V/V) of biogenic contents
3.5
liquid alternative fuel
liquid fuel which consists 100 % (V/V) of contents that is not contained in conventional mineral fuel
based liquid fuels
3.6
blend
liquid fuel consisting of mineral fuel based fractions and admixtures of liquid biogenic and/or liquid
alternative fuels
3.7
motor fuel
aliphatic hydrocarbon component of mineral oil
Note 1 to entry: The term “fuel” is only used in this CEN/TR for the purpose of evaluating the existing specialist
literature.
Note 2 to entry: The term “motor fuel” is valid for the use in vehicles.
3.8
biodiesel
liquid motor fuel which consists 100 % (V/V) of liquid biogenic fuels
Note 1 to entry: see Clause 5 category B.
4 Materials
Table 1 lists material groups and materials, which are used in supply systems for liquid fuels. In the case
of the material groups in Table 1 an evaluation of the literature has shown that the resistance against
biogenic and alternative fuels and their blends may be limited.
The material groups steel, stainless steel and cast iron were not considered here as no limitation of
resistance is known for these materials.
Table 1 — Material groups with materials in supply systems for liquid fuels, liquid biogenic fuels
and blends
Material group Material Material number Use, Notes
Aluminium EN AW-Al99,5 EN AW-1050A
Aluminium EN AW-Al99,0 EN AW-1200
Aluminium EN AW-AlCuPbMgMn EN AW-2007 Aluminium machine alloy
Aluminium EN AW-AlCu6BiPb EN AW-2011 Aluminium alloy
Aluminium EN AW-AlCu4PbMg EN AW-2030 Aluminium machine alloy
Aluminium EN AW-AlMn1 EN AW-3103 Aluminium pipe
Aluminium G-AlSi7Mg EN AW-4018 Cast aluminium
Aluminium EN AW-AlMg5 EN AW-5019 Aluminium wrought alloy
Aluminium EN AW-AlMgSiPb EN AW-6012 Aluminium machine alloy
Aluminium EN AW-Al Si1Sn1MgBi EN AW-6023
Aluminium EN AW-AlMgSi EN AW-6060
Aluminium EN AW-AlSi1MgMn EN AW-6082-T6 Aluminium machine alloy
Cast aluminium EN AB-AlSi7Mg0,3 EN AB-42100 Cast aluminium
Cast aluminium EN AC-AlSi7Mg0,3 EN AC-42100 Cast aluminium
Cast aluminium EN AC-AlSi12Cu1(Fe) EN AC-47100
Cast aluminium EN AC-AlSi12(a) EN AC-44200 Cast aluminium
Cast aluminium EN AC-Al Si12(Fe) EN AC-44300
Copper Cu-ETP CR004A
Material group Material Material number Use, Notes
Copper Cu-FRHC CR005A
Copper Cu-ETP CW004A
Copper Cu-DHP CW024A Pipe
Brass CuSn10-C CC480K Bronze
Brass CuZn33 CW506L
Brass CuZn36 CW507L
Brass CuZn37 CW508L
Brass CuZn38Pb2 CW608N
Brass CuZn39Pb2 CW612N Machining brass
Brass CuZn39Pb3 CW614N Machining brass
Brass CuZn39Pb3 CW614N Hot-pressed brass
Brass CuZn39Pb3 - H080 CW614N - H080 Hot-pressed brass
Brass CuZn39Pb3 - min.R360 - S CW614N - min.R360 - S Machining brass
Brass CuZn39Pb3 - MS CW614N - MS Machining brass
Brass CuZn40Pb2 CW617N Hot-pressed brass
Brass CuZn40Pb2 - H080 CW617N - H080 Hot-pressed brass
Brass CuZn40Pb2 - min.R360 - S CW617N - min.R360 - S Machining brass
Brass CuZn40Pb2 - MS CW617N - MS Machining brass
Brass CuZn20Al2As CW702R
Brass CuZn35Ni3Mn2AlPb CW710R Special machining brass
Brass CuZn35Ni3Mn2AlPb - CW710R - H080 Special hot-pressed brass
H080
Brass CuZn35Ni3Mn2AlPb - CW710R - R490/H120 Special machining brass
R490/H120
Brass CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi CW713R Special hot-pressed brass
Brass CuZn40Mn2Fe1 CW723R
Brass CuZn21Si3P CW724R ”Cuphin”, ”Ecobrass”,
”Ecocast”
Brass CuZn35Pb2Al CC752S Cast brass, de-
zincification resistant
Brass CuZn39Pb1Al CC754S Cast brass
Brass CuZn39Pb1AlB CC755S Cast brass (“MS-Fine
Grain”)
Zinc high GD-ZnAl4Cu1 ZP0410
pressure die
casting
5 Liquid fuels
Three categories are specified for liquid fuels:
Category A Liquid fuels derived from petroleum refining processes with a maximum viscosity of
10 mm /s at 20 °C, e.g. fuel category ISO-F-D according to ISO 8216-99.
NOTE 1 Liquid fuels derived from petroleum refining processes are listed in CEN/TR 15738.
Category B Liquid fuels from renewable resources, e.g. FAME according to EN 14214 or alternative
fuels.
Category C Mixtures of category A and B, e.g. diesel as a motor fuel according to EN 590, EN 15940,
EN 16709.
NOTE 2 For national requirements for liquid fuels, see Annex A.
6 Resistance of metallic materials to liquid biogenic and alternative fuels and
their blends
Statements from the literature on the resistance of the material groups against biogenic and alternative
fuels and their blends are collated in Table 2.
The test methods or test conditions of the published specialist literature references are only rarely
described with precision. Therefore, an own evaluation of the resistance of the various different
material groups against biogenic and alternative fuels and their blends was effected in Table 2.
Table 2 — Specialist literature references on the resistance of materials against biogenic and alternative fuels and their blends
Test method/Test Category Fuel Material group with evaluation on resistance Notes Source
conditions according
Aluminium Copper Brass Zinc high
to Clause 5
pressure die
casting
n. n. B FAME 0 4 0 0 - [1]
n. n. B FAME 0 3 0 0 - [2]
Static immersion test at B FAME 0 3 0 0 - [3]
100 °C
n. n. B, C Biodiesel 0 0 3 0 - [4]
n. n. A Crude oil 1 0 0 0 Corrosion rate: (0,05 to 0,5) mm/a [5]
n. n. B FAME 2 0 0 3 - [6]
n. n. B, C Biodiesel 0 3 3 0 - [7]
n. n. C FAME 1 4 4 4 - [8]
n. n. B Biodiesel 1 0 0 0 - [9]
n. n. B, C Biodiesel 2 3 0 0 - [10]
Static immersion test; A, B, C Biodiesel 0 2 0 0 Corrosion rate: 0,001 mm/a; [11]
room temperature for corrosion at increased temperature
2,640 h; 60 °C for 840 h
Immersion test, stirred; B, C Palm oil 2 3 0 0 Corrosion rates: [12]
80 °C for 1,200 h biodiesel
Cu 0,015 mm/a
Al 0,005 mm/a
Immersion tests accor- B Biodiesel 0 4 4 0 Lower corrosion rates with O [13]
ding to ASTM G1 at room
exclusion
temperature and
ASTM G31 at 55 °C
Test method/Test Category Fuel Material group with evaluation on resistance Notes Source
conditions according
Aluminium Copper Brass Zinc high
to Clause 5
pressure die
casting
Determination of polari- B Biodiesel 2 0 0 0 Aluminium as an indicator for the [14]
sation curves purity of biodiesel
Room temperature for B Palm fuel 0 3 0 0 The main influencing factors with [15]
200 h, 300 h, 600 h, biodiesel regard to the corrosive effect of
1 200 h and 2 880 h biodiesel are dissolved O , H O,
2 2
CO as well as RCOO—radicals
Immersion tests at room B Palm fuel 2 4 3 0 - [16]
temperature for 2880 h biodiesel
Fuel nozzle tests at B Biodiesel 0 4 0 0 Replacement of copper [17]
250 °C material recommended
temperature with cooling
effect by fuel
Static immersion tests at B Biodiesel 2 0 0 0 Corrosion rate: [18]
(15 to 40) °C for 7 200 h (0,002 to 0,005) mm/a
The resistance of aluminium is
evaluated more highly than that of
cast iron; stronger attack by
biodiesel than by conventional
Diesel
Static immersion tests at B, C Biodiesel 0 4 4 0 Corrosion rate: Cu 0,014 mm/a; [19]
38 °C for 7 200 h
Replacement of copper and brass
recommended
n. n. C Diesel 0 0 0 2 In the presence of water the [20]
formation of compounds with zinc
is possible which may block
smaller apertures
Test method/Test Category Fuel Material group with evaluation on resistance Notes Source
conditions according
Aluminium Copper Brass Zinc high
to Clause 5
pressure die
casting
Visual, determination of C Blend with 0 0 1 0 CW614N; [25]
the loss of mass, 10 % (V/V)
Insignificant, local corrosion attack
metallographic analysis FAME and
at the surface
of the grinding surface 30 % (V/V)
FAME
Sulphur corrosion test at B FAME 0 2 0 0 Proposed safe values according to [26]
50 °C for 3 h, colour ASTM D 130 will not be exceeded
changes
Immersion tests at 25 °C B FAME 2 2 2 0 Corrosion rate: less than [27]
and 50 °C according to 0,001 mm/a
NACE/TM 01–69
Pressure tests at 50 °C for B FAME 1 0 1; 2 0 Higher corrosion rate than for the [28]
144 h according to reference motor fuel diesel only in
ASTM D-525 the case of very strongly oxidized
ester
Key:
0 no information 1 resistant 2 can be classed as resistant 3 less resistant 4 not resistant
In connection with the literature research relevant reports by the “Deutsche Wissenschaftliche
Gesellschaft für Erdöl, Erdgas und Kohle (DGMK)” (German Scientific Association for Mineral Oil,
Natural Gas and Coal) were taken into account. In some reports on specific topics there are no details to
be found with regard to material compatibility [31, 32, 34]. The few statements contained therein with
regard to the material compatibility of metals do not allow for any classification according to the
scheme of Table 2, since none of their own examinations were carried out; there are only quotations
from various different specialist literature references, that are shown in Table 2 [29, 30, 33].
7 Test procedure on resistance
The closely connected standards ASTM G1 and ASTM G31/ NACE/TM 01–69 specify an immersion test
for evaluating the corrosion of materials when in contact with various different liquid media. With
regard to test conditions, no parameters are specified. Instead it is pointed out that the test conditions
should be orientated in accordance with the respective purpose of the test, so that it is possible to
achieve the highest possible approximation to the actual practical use of the respective material. The
composition of the test media as well as the test temperatures and durations are thus to be selected
freely and as close as possible to actual practice.
The steel pin corrosion test is a currently used procedure for the evaluation of mineral oils and other
liquids with regard to the corrosion of parts made of iron in the presence of water. In accordance with
the standard ISO 7120 this immersion test is used in the case of inhibited mineral oils including steam
turbine oils, circulating oils, hydraulic oils as well as liquids no
...