CEN/TS 14405:2004
(Main)Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Up-flow percolation test (under specified conditions)
Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Up-flow percolation test (under specified conditions)
This Technical Specification is applicable to determine the leaching behaviour of inorganic constituents from
granular waste (without or with size reduction (see 6.2)). The waste body is subjected to percolation with water
as a function of liquid to solid ratio under specified percolation conditions. The waste is leached under
hydraulically dynamic conditions. The method is a once-through column leaching test and the test results
establish the distinction between different release patterns, for instance wash-out and release under the
influence of interaction with the matrix, when approaching local equilibrium between waste and leachant.
NOTE 1 The mentioned specified percolation conditions are arbitrary and are not simulating a specific scenario.
NOTE 2 Waste materials that show a saturated hydraulic conductivity between 10-7 m/s and 10-8 m/s can be subjected to this test, but it can be difficult to maintain the imposed flow rate. If a waste shows a saturated hydraulic conductivity below 10 -8
m/s, the test should not be carried out. (See C.5 for a definition of �hydraulic conductivity�.)
NOTE 3 This procedure is generally not applicable to biologically degrading materials and materials reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas emission or excessive heat release.
NOTE 4 This procedure is applicable to materials showing solidification in the column, if the final hydraulic conductivity is within the specified range (see NOTE 1).
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Auslaugungsverhalten - Perkolationsprüfung im Aufwärtsstrom (unter festgelegten Bedingungen)
Diese Technische Spezifikation gilt für die Bestimmung des Auslaugungsverhaltens anorganischer Bestandteile aus körnigem Abfall (ohne oder mit Zerkleinerung (siehe 6.2)). Der Abfallkörper wird einer Perkolation mit Wasser ausgesetzt in Abhängigkeit des L/S Verhältnisses unter festgelegten Perkolationsbedingungen. Der Abfall wird unter hydraulisch dynamischen Bedingungen ausgelaugt. Bei dem Verfahren handelt es sich um eine Auslaugungsprüfung mit einmaligem Durchlaufen der Säule. Die Prüfergebnisse ermöglichen die Unterscheidung zwischen verschiedenen Freisetzungsmustern, wie z. B. Auswaschung und Freisetzung unter Einfluss einer Wechselwirkung mit der Matrix, wenn eine Annäherung an das örtliche Gleichgewicht zwischen Abfall und Auslaugungsmittel erfolgt.
ANMERKUNG 1 Die erwähnten festgelegten Perkolationsbedingungen sind willkürlich und bilden kein spezifisches Szenarium nach.
ANMERKUNG 2 Abfälle, die eine gesättigte hydraulische Leitfähigkeit zwischen 10-7 m/s und 10-8 m/s aufweisen, können dieser Prüfung unterzogen werden, aber es kann sich als schwierig erweisen, den festgelegten Volumenstrom aufrechtzuerhalten. Wenn ein Abfall eine gesättigte hydraulische Leitfähigkeit unter 10-8 m/s aufweist, sollte die Prüfung nicht durchgeführt werden. (Siehe C.5 zur Definition der hydraulischen Leitfähigkeit.)
ANMERKUNG 3 Dieses Verfahren wird im Allgemeinen nicht bei biologisch abbaubaren Materialien und Materialien, die bei Reaktion mit dem Auslaugungsmittel beispielsweise zu einer übermäßigen Gasemission oder Wärmeabgabe führen, angewendet.
ANMERKUNG 4 Dieses Verfahren kann bei allen Materialien angewendet werden, die sich in der Säule verfestigen, wenn sich die endgültige hydraulische Leitfähigkeit innerhalb der festgelegten Grenzen bewegt (siehe Anmerkung 1).
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement à la lixiviation - Essai de percolation à écoulement ascendant (dans des conditions spécifiées)
La présente Spécification technique s'applique à la détermination du comportement à la lixiviation des constituants inorganiques issus de déchets granulaires (avec ou sans réduction granulométrique (voir 6.2)). Le corps des déchets est soumis à une percolation à l'eau en fonction du rapport liquide/solide, dans des conditions de percolation spécifiées. La lixiviation des déchets a lieu dans des conditions hydrauliques dynamiques. La méthode est un essai de lixiviation en colonne mené en une fois. Les résultats d'essai permettent de faire la distinction entre différents relargages types, tels que le lessivage ou le relargage sous l'effet de l'interaction avec la matrice, à l'approche de l'équilibre local entre le déchet et le lixiviant.
NOTE 1 Les conditions de percolation spécifiées sont arbitraires et ne simulent aucun scénario spécifique.
NOTE 2 Les déchets présentant une conductivité hydraulique à saturation comprise entre 10-7 m/s et 10-8 m/s peuvent être soumis à cet essai, mais il peut s'avérer difficile de maintenir le débit prescrit. Si un déchet présente une conductivité hydraulique à saturation inférieure à 10-8 m/s, il convient de ne pas effectuer l'essai. (Voir en C.5 pour une définition de " conductivité hydraulique ").
NOTE 3 D'une manière générale, ce mode opératoire ne s'applique pas aux matériaux subissant une biodégradation ni à ceux qui réagissent avec le lixiviant et conduisent, par exemple, à des émissions gazeuses ou des dégagements de chaleur excessifs.
NOTE 4 Ce mode opératoire s'applique aux matériaux présentant une solidification à l'intérieur de la colonne, si la conductivité hydraulique finale est comprise dans la plage spécifiée (voir la NOTE 1).
Karakterizacija odpadkov - Izluževalni preskusi - Preskus v koloni s tokom navzgor (pri določenih pogojih)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2004
.DUDNWHUL]DFLMDRGSDGNRY,]OXåHYDOQLSUHVNXVL3UHVNXVYNRORQLVWRNRPQDY]JRU
SULGRORþHQLKSRJRMLK
Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Up-flow percolation test (under
specified conditions)
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Auslaugungsverhalten - Perkolationsprüfung im
Aufwärtsstrom (unter festgelegten Bedingungen)
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement a la lixiviation - Essai de
percolation a écoulement ascendant (dans des conditions spécifiées)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 14405:2004
ICS:
13.030.01 Odpadki na splošno Wastes in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 14405
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
June 2004
ICS 13.030.10
English version
Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Up-flow
percolation test (under specified conditions)
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement à la Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Auslaugungsverhalten -
lixiviation - Essai de percolation à écoulement ascendant Perkolationsprüfung im Aufwärtsstrom (unter festgelegten
(dans des conditions spécifiées) Bedingungen)
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 24 March 2004 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 14405:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents
page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope.4
2 Normative references.4
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Principle.6
5 Equipment and reagents.6
5.1 General.6
6 Sample pre-treatment.7
6.1 General.7
6.2 Sample preparation.7
6.3 Test portion .8
6.4 Determination of dry residue.9
7 Procedure.9
7.1 Temperature.9
7.2 Preparation.9
7.3 Packing of the column.9
7.4 Start-up of the test.11
7.5 Collection of additional eluate fractions .12
7.6 Further preparation of the eluates for analysis .13
7.7 Blank test.14
8 Calculations .14
9 Test report.15
10 Test performance.16
Annex A (informative) Illustration of the column and accompanying equipment.17
Annex B (informative) Suggestions for packing the column, water saturation and
establishment and checking of equilibrium conditions .18
B.1 General.18
B.2 Guidelines on column filling and packing .18
B.3 Water saturation .18
B.4 Equilibration and checking of equilibrium conditions.19
Annex C (informative) Background for the choices made in developing this percolation
test.21
C.1 Introduction.21
C.2 Particle size/particle size distribution.22
C.3 Column dimensions .22
C.4 Flow mode (up-flow/down-flow).22
C.5 Flow rate of the leachant .22
C.6 L/S ratio and eluate fractions collected/duration of the test .23
C.7 Nature of the leachant .23
C.8 Temperature .24
D.9 Beneficial use of the test results.24
Bibliography .25
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 14405:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292
“Characterisation of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This Technical Specification has been developed primarily to support the requirements for leaching behaviour
testing within EU and EFTA countries.
This Technical Specification was elaborated on the basis of:
NEN 7343:1995
NT ENVIR 002:1995
This Technical Specification specifies an up-flow percolation test to determine the leaching behaviour of
granular waste materials under standardized percolation conditions. Another Technical Specification will be
produced to specify a percolation test for simulating conditions of specific scenarios.
For a more complete characterization of the leaching behaviour of waste under specified conditions the
application of other test methods is required (see ENV 12920). For informative references see the
Bibliography.
The annexes A, B and C are informative.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom
Introduction
In various European countries tests have been developed to characterize and assess the constituents that can
be released from waste materials. The release of soluble constituents upon contact with water is regarded as
a main mechanism of release, which results in a potential risk to the environment during the re-use or disposal
of waste materials. These tests are intended to identify the leaching properties of waste materials. The
complexity of the leaching process makes simplifications necessary. Not all of the relevant aspects of leaching
behaviour can be addressed in one standard.
Tests to characterize the behaviour of waste materials can be divided into three categories. The relationships
between these tests are summarized below:
“Basic characterization“ tests are used to obtain information on the short and long term leaching behaviour
and characteristic properties of waste materials. Liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors
controlling leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity, ageing of waste and physical
parameters are addressed in these tests.
“Compliance“ tests are used to determine whether the waste complies with a specific behaviour or with
specific reference values. The tests focus on key variables and leaching behaviour previously identified by
basic characterization tests.
“On-site verification“ tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that the waste is the same as which has been
subjected to the compliance test(s). On-site verification tests are not necessarily leaching tests.
The test procedure described in this method belongs to category (1): basic characterization tests.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification is applicable to determine the leaching behaviour of inorganic constituents from
granular waste (without or with size reduction (see 6.2)). The waste body is subjected to percolation with water
as a function of liquid to solid ratio under specified percolation conditions. The waste is leached under
hydraulically dynamic conditions. The method is a once-through column leaching test and the test results
establish the distinction between different release patterns, for instance wash-out and release under the
influence of interaction with the matrix, when approaching local equilibrium between waste and leachant.
NOTE 1 The mentioned specified percolation conditions are arbitrary and are not simulating a specific scenario.
-7 -8
NOTE 2 Waste materials that show a saturated hydraulic conductivity between 10 m/s and 10 m/s can be subjected to
this test, but it can be difficult to maintain the imposed flow rate. If a waste shows a saturated hydraulic conductivity below
-8
10 m/s, the test should not be carried out. (See C.5 for a definition of ‘hydraulic conductivity’.)
NOTE 3 This procedure is generally not applicable to biologically degrading materials and materials reacting with the
leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas emission or excessive heat release.
NOTE 4 This procedure is applicable to materials showing solidification in the column, if the final hydraulic conductivity is
within the specified range (see NOTE 1).
2 Normative references
This Technical Specification incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this Technical Specification only when incorporated in it by amendment
...
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