CEN/TR 17548:2020
(Main)Automotive fuels - Diesel fuel market issues - Abrasive particles investigation report
Automotive fuels - Diesel fuel market issues - Abrasive particles investigation report
This document describes the investigation into diesel vehicle common rail fuel injection system damage and excessive wear problems in a number of countries across Europe since 2014 carried out by CEN/TC 19/WG 24 Abrasive Particles Task Force.
Kraftstoffe - Marktprobleme bei Dieselkraftstoff - Untersuchungsbericht zu abrasiven Partikeln
Carburants pour automobiles - Problèmes concernant le carburant diesel - Rapport d’enquête sur les particules abrasives
Goriva za motorna vozila - Področja trga dizelskih goriv - Poročilo o raziskavi abrazivnih delcev
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2021
Goriva za motorna vozila - Področja trga dizelskih goriv - Poročilo o raziskavi
abrazivnih delcev
Automotive fuels - Diesel fuel market issues - Abrasive particles investigation report
Kraftstoffe - Aspekte des Marktes für Deiseselkraftstoff - Untersuchungsbericht zu
abrasiven Partikeln
Carburants pour automobiles - Problèmes concernant le carburant diesel - Rapport
d’enquête sur les particules abrasives
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 17548:2020
ICS:
75.160.20 Tekoča goriva Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
CEN/TR 17548
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
November 2020
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 75.160.20
English Version
Automotive fuels - Diesel fuel market issues - Abrasive
particles investigation report
Carburants pour automobiles - Problèmes concernant Kraftstoffe - Marktprobleme bei Dieselkraftstoff -
le carburant diesel - Rapport d'enquête sur les Untersuchungsbericht zu abrasiven Partikeln
particules abrasives
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 2 November 2020. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 17548:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 5
5 Description of fuel injection equipment problems . 6
6 Fuel injection system damage investigations . 15
7 Fuel quality investigations . 22
8 Particle counting . 54
9 Filter Blocking Tendency . 65
10 Recommended industry practices . 67
10.1 Good housekeeping practices . 67
10.2 CEN/TR 15367-1 . 67
10.3 API 1640 . 67
11 Modern diesel vehicle injection system technology . 67
12 Discussion . 68
13 Conclusions . 74
14 Future work. 76
Bibliography . 77
European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 17548:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous
and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the
secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This document primarily addresses quality issues that can be associated with abrasive particles in diesel
fuel that can cause wear damage to high pressure common rail fuel injection systems.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Introduction
At the CEN/TC 19/WG 24 meeting on 18 October, 2017 in Zurich, Switzerland there were technical
presentations describing serious vehicle fuel injection system wear and damage problems in Northern
Germany and the Southeast of the United Kingdom. A CEN task force was formed in January 2018 to
investigate these abrasive wear issues in order to establish the root cause and make recommendations.
After a year of investigations of market fuels, refinery product streams and field issues, the task force
produced a summary report detailing the findings of the fuel quality investigation and vehicle fuel
injection system damage caused by this contamination with respect to the work on European (diesel fuel)
standards. CEN/TC 19 requested to have this report published as a CEN/TR, parallel to implementing the
advice and recommendations in standardization and the market.
1 Scope
This document describes the investigation into diesel vehicle common rail fuel injection system damage
and excessive wear problems in a number of countries across Europe since 2014 carried out by
CEN/TC 19/WG 24 Abrasive Particles Task Force.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 590:2013+A1:2017, Automotive fuels - Diesel - Requirements and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
4 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply.
ARA Antwerp Rotterdam Area
CONCAWE Conservation of Clean Air and Water in Europe
DFA Downstream Fuels Association
DLC Diamond Like Carbon
DMV Diesel Motor Vehicle
DPF Diesel Particulate Filter
EU European Union
FAME Fatty Acid Methyl Ester
FBT Filter Blocking Tendency
FIE Fuel Injection Equipment
HD Heavy Duty
HDEP Heavy Duty Engine Platform
ICP Inductive Coupled Plasma
ICP- AES Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry
ICP-MS Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
IPTV Incidents Per Thousand Vehicles
LD Light Duty
MDEG Medium Duty Engine Generation
M+H Mann and Hummel
MIS Months In Service
MS Mass spectrometer
MWV Mineralölwirtschaftsverband e.V.
NCV Needle Control Valve
NOK Not OK
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer.
PKW Passenger Car
PRV Pressure Regulating Valve
Rail Fuel Rail
SEM Scanning Electron Microscope
Van Light Duty van
UKPIA UK Petroleum Industry Association
5 Description of fuel injection equipment problems
An increasing number of fuel injector warranty claims have been reported by a number of vehicle
manufacturers (Daimler, DAF, CNH Industrial, PSA and Volvo) and Fuel injection equipment
manufacturers (Bosch and Delphi). Both heavy duty and light duty vehicles are affected with modern high
pressure common rail diesel fuel injection systems of various vehicle configurations.
Investigation clearly shows internal damage to fuel injector moving parts, internal valves and pressure
relief valves causing internal injector leakage, engine malfunction indicator light illumination, engine
power loss, poor idle stability and in some cases complete engine shutdown.
PSA have reported the following vehicle field experience:
— 71 % of cases: on board light and engine power loss
— 21 % of cases: engine shut down during the driving
— 8 % of cases: idle instability
— vehicle minimum mileage: 4,451 km
— vehicle maximum mileage: 130,970 km
Only certain areas of Europe are affected with the highest numbers of vehicle incidents reported in
Northern Germany, the Southeast of the UK followed by Northern France and a small number in Spain.
See Figures 1 through 15 for the reports on the incidents. The vehicle manufacturers have reported a
small number of failures elsewhere in Europe but these are deemed as isolated incidents. Failures are
more common during the winter in the January/March timeframe (see Figure 7 and 10).
a) Claims by country
b) Claims in Germany only
Build year 2016, repair year 2017, status 08/2017
Key
a) Claims by country b) Claims in Germany only
A Germany A Bremen
B United Kingdom B Hamburg
C France C Braunschweig
D Netherlands D Hannover
E Poland E Rostock
F Czech Republic F Kiel
G Romania G Lübeck
H Spain H Magdeburg
I Belgium I Dresden
J Lithuania J Leipzig
K Slovak Republic K Single claims
L Single claims / no relationship
Figure 1 — Injector complaints inner leakage OM 47x (Courtesy Daimler)
a) Heavy duty engines
c) Personal vehicles
b) Vans
Figure 2 — Daimler reported incidents (Courtesy Daimler)
a) Inner leakage b) Inner leakage c) Inner leakage
nd st
1st half year 2017 2 half year 2017 1 quarter 2018
Figure 3 — Distribution of injector failures HDEP in Germany (Courtesy Daimler)
a) Inner leakage heavy duty b) Inner leakage middle
c) Inner leakage middle duty
engines 1st quarter 2018, duty engines 77% of all engines 80% of all claims,
Germany claims, Northern Germany South-East England
Figure 4 — Distribution of injector failures HDEP/MDEG (Courtesy Daimler)
b) Medium duty engines
a) Heavy duty engines
NOTE The claim rate in the marked areas is 13 times higher than in other parts of Great Britain.
Figure 5 — Injector claims “inner leakage” Great-Britain 2017/2018 (Courtesy Daimler)
a) Starry sky by repair date of inner leakage heavy duty engines Northern Germany
b) Starry sky by repair date of inner leakage heavy duty engines Southern Germany
Figure 6 — Starry sky by repair date of inner leakage heavy duty engines fuel injector claims
2017/2018 (Courtesy Daimler)
Key
A amount of registered issues B calendar week
Light blue line 2012 Dark blue line 2016
Orange line 2013 Green block 2017
Grey line 2014 Red block 2018
yellow line 2015
Figure 7 — Daimler heavy duty vehicle complaints (inner leakage) in Germany (Courtesy
Daimler)
Figure 8 illustrates the difference in injector failure rates between Northern and Southern Germany.
Key
Redish bars Northern Germany A Hamburg
Blueish bars Southern Germany B Bremen
C Rostock
D Frankfurt
E Stuttgart
Figure 8 — Injector failure rates HDEP in Germany (Courtesy Daimler)
DAF reported incidents are consistent with Daimler reported incidents in both Germany and the UK
(Figure 9). It should be noted that 78,7 % of the failures in Germany occurred in Northern Germany. Their
yearly trend since the start of the incidents is shown in Figure 11.
Figure 9 — DAF reported incidents (Courtesy DAF UK)
Figure 10 — Year comparison of failures per month for trucks over 16 ton (Courtesy DAF UK)
Figure 11 shows DAF (UK) comparative warranty rates for injectors and highlights the Southeast of the
UK area with the highest number of returns. Note that actual numbers are not reported for Figures 11
and 12 due to commercial confidentiality requirements.
Figure 11 — UK warranty information - Injectors (Courtesy DAF UK)
Figure 12 shows comparative warranty information for the Fuel Rail Pressure Regulating Valve (PRV)
and highlights that the highest number of failures are in the Southeast and East of England.
Figure 12 — UK warranty information – Rail
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.