EN 16303:2020

Road restraint systems - Validation and verification process for the use of virtual testing in crash testing against vehicle restraint system

This document defines the accuracy, credibility and confidence in the results of virtual crash test to vehicle restraint systems through the definition of procedures for verification, validation and development of numerical models for roadside safety application. Finally it defines a list of indications to ensure the competences of an expert/organization in the domain of virtual testing.

Rückhaltesysteme an Straßen - Validierungs- und Nachweisverfahren für die Nutzung von Computersimulationen bei Anprallprüfungen an Fahrzeug-Rückhaltesysteme

Dieses Dokument legt die Genauigkeit, Glaubwürdigkeit und Vertrauenswürdigkeit der Ergebnisse der Computersimulation von Anprallprüfungen an Fahrzeug-Rückhaltesysteme Straßen fest, indem Verfahren für die Verifizierung, Validierung und Entwicklung von numerischen Modellen zur Sicherung an Straßen festgelegt werden. Letztlich legt es eine Liste von Anhaltspunkten fest, wie die Kompetenzen eines Experten/einer Organisation im Bereich der Computersimulationsprüfungen sichergestellt werden.

Dispositifs de retenue routiers - Processus de vérification et de validation pour l’utilisation d’essais virtuels dans les essais de choc contre un dispositif de retenue pour véhicules

Le présent document établit les exigences d’exactitude, de crédibilité et de confiance dans les résultats d’essais de choc virtuels contre des dispositifs de retenue pour véhicules en définissant les procédures de vérification, de validation et de développement de modèles numériques pour les applications de sécurité routière. Il fournit en outre une liste d’indications pour garantir les compétences d’un expert/organisme du domaine des essais virtuels.

Oprema cest - Postopek validacije in verifikacije računalniške simulacije preskusnih trčenj v sisteme za zadrževanje vozil

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 04-Aug-2020
• Withdrawal Date: 27-Feb-2021
• ICS: 13.200 - Accident and disaster control
• ICS: 93.080.30 - Road equipment and installations
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 226 - Road equipment
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 226/WG 1 - Crash barriers, safety fences, guard rails and bridge parapets
• Current Stage: 9020 - Submission to 2 Year Review Enquiry - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 15-Oct-2025
• Completion Date: 15-Oct-2025
• Ref Project: SIST EN 16303:2020 - Road restraint systems - Validation and verification process for the use of virtual testing in crash testing against vehicle restraint system

Relations

• Replaces: CEN/TR 16303-3:2012 - Road restraint systems - Guidelines for computational mechanics of crash testing against vehicle restraint system - Part 3: Test Item Modelling and Verification
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Replaces: CEN/TR 16303-1:2012 - Road restraint systems - Guidelines for computational mechanics of crash testing against vehicle restraint system - Part 1: Common reference information and reporting
• Effective Date: 12-Aug-2020
• Replaces: CEN/TR 16303-2:2012 - Road restraint systems - Guidelines for computational mechanics of crash testing against vehicle restraint system - Part 2: Vehicle Modelling and Verification
• Effective Date: 12-Aug-2020
• Replaces: CEN/TR 16303-4:2012 - Road restraint systems - Guidelines for computational mechanics of crash testing against vehicle restraint system - Part 4: Validation Procedures
• Effective Date: 24-Jun-2015
• Amended By: EN 16303:2020/prA1 - Road restraint systems - Validation and verification process for the use of virtual testing in crash testing against vehicle restraint system
• Effective Date: 08-Nov-2023

Overview

EN 16303:2020 (CEN) establishes a standardized validation and verification process for using virtual testing (computer simulation) in crash testing of road restraint systems and related passive safety devices. The standard defines how to demonstrate accuracy, credibility and confidence in numerical crash results by prescribing procedures for model development, verification, validation and reporting. EN 16303:2020 consolidates and supersedes earlier CEN/TR 16303 parts (1–4).

Key topics and requirements

• Scope and objectives: Guidance for virtual tests that reproduce vehicle impacts against barriers, crash cushions, terminals and passive safety devices in line with EN 1317 and EN 12767.
• Numerical model requirements: Expectations for vehicle, restraint system and passive device models, covering both finite element (FE) and multi‑body (MB) modelling approaches.
• Verification and validation (V&V): Procedures to verify model implementation and validate simulation outputs against physical test data. Includes model behaviour assessment, test methodologies and acceptance conditions.
• Reporting and documentation: Standardized reporting template (Annex A) and required output parameters to ensure transparent, reproducible results.
• Competence of entity: Criteria and indications for qualifications of the person/organisation performing virtual testing and verification (Annex B).
• Validation procedures and test examples: Prescribed vehicle validation steps (Annex C) - vehicle setup, suspension/steering, handling and crashworthiness checks (e.g., rigid wall/pole tests).
• Modelling guidance: Informative annexes with recommendations for FE/MB model organization, mesh and material considerations, welding/connection treatment, and common failure modes (Annexes D–J).

Practical applications

• Supplementing or partially replacing physical crash tests with validated virtual testing to reduce cost and speed up design iterations.
• Supporting design verification, performance assessment and certification of road restraint systems.
• Enabling safety performance studies, sensitivity analyses and optimization of barrier systems before physical prototyping.
• Providing defensible simulation evidence for regulators, manufacturers, test laboratories and independent assessors.

Who should use this standard

• Roadside safety engineers and simulation specialists
• Manufacturers of safety barriers, crash cushions and terminals
• Crash test laboratories and validation/verification teams
• Certification bodies and highway authorities assessing compliance with EN 1317 / EN 12767
• Consultants and academic researchers working on roadside safety modelling

Related standards

• EN 1317 (road restraint performance classes and testing)
• EN 12767 (passive safety of support structures for signposts, lighting columns)
• CEN/TC 226 publications and earlier CEN/TR 16303 series

EN 16303:2020 gives a practical, harmonized framework for credible virtual crash testing of vehicle restraint systems-promoting consistent simulation practice, transparent reporting and qualified expertise across Europe.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16303-1:2012
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16303-2:2012
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16303-3:2012
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16303-4:2012
Oprema cest - Postopek validacije in verifikacije računalniške simulacije
preskusnih trčenj v sisteme za zadrževanje vozil
Road restraint systems - Validation and verification process for the use of virtual testing
in crash testing against vehicle restraint system
Rückhaltesysteme an Straßen - Validierungs- und Nachweisverfahren für die Nutzung
von Computersimulationen bei Anprallprüfungen an Fahrzeug-Rückhaltesysteme
Dispositifs de retenue routiers - Processus de vérification et de validation pour l’utilisation
d’essais virtuels dans les essais de choc contre un dispositif de retenue pour véhicules
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16303:2020
ICS:
13.200 Preprečevanje nesreč in Accident and disaster control
katastrof
93.080.30 Cestna oprema in pomožne Road equipment and
naprave installations
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 16303
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.200; 93.080.30 Supersedes CEN/TR 16303-1:2012, CEN/TR 16303-
2:2012, CEN/TR 16303-3:2012, CEN/TR 16303-
4:2012
English Version
Road restraint systems - Validation and verification
process for the use of virtual testing in crash testing
against vehicle restraint system
Dispositifs de retenue routiers - Processus de Rückhaltesysteme an Straßen - Validierungs- und
vérification et de validation pour l'utilisation d'essais Nachweisverfahren für die Nutzung von
virtuels dans les essais de choc contre un dispositif de Computersimulationen bei Anprallprüfungen an
retenue pour véhicules Fahrzeug-Rückhaltesysteme
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 May 2020.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16303:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents          Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 8
5 Requirements for numerical vehicle model . 9
5.1 Modelling . 9
5.2 General vehicle model behaviour assessment . 10
5.3 Test methodology . 10
5.4 Verification . 13
5.5 Reporting . 13
6 Requirements for numerical model of vehicle restraint system . 13
6.1 Modelling . 13
6.2 Validation and verification . 14
6.3 Reporting . 14
7 Requirements for numerical model of passive safety device . 14
7.1 Modelling . 14
7.2 Validation and verification . 14
7.3 Reporting . 14
8 Requirements for validation of virtual testing against test item . 14

8.1 General . 14
8.2 Test specifications . 15
8.3 Comparison tables . 17
8.4 Reporting . 22
9 Requirements for verification of virtual testing against vehicle restraint systems and
passive safety devices . 23
9.1 General . 23
9.2 Finite element model verification . 23
9.3 Multi-body model verification . 23
9.4 Standard report and output parameters . 24
Annex A (normative) Virtual testing – Template for report . 25
A.1 General . 25
A.2 Verification and validation report . 25
A.3 New performance report . 34
Annex B (normative) Requirements for the entity (person/group) performing and
verifying VT activities . 42
Annex C (normative) Validation procedures of a vehicle for crash test analysis . 44
C.1 General . 44
C.2 Vehicle setup – Idle test (Test 1.1) . 44
C.3 Vehicle suspension and steering kinematics . 44
C.4 Vehicle handling . 46
C.5 Vehicle crashworthiness - Test against rigidwall / rigid pole (Test 4.1 and 4.2) . 46
Annex D (informative) Considerations on the modelling techniques of a vehicle . 47
D.1 General . 47
D.2 General scheme of a vehicle . 47
D.3 Vehicle validation considerations . 48
D.4 Step by step development of a vehicle for crash test analysis . 49
Annex E (informative) Recommendations and criteria for finite element vehicle models
addressed to virtual testing . 50
E.1 Components to be modelled . 50
E.2 Model organization . 53
E.3 General recommendations for the material of finite element vehicle models
addressed to virtual testing . 56
E.4 General recommendations for the mesh of finite element vehicle models addressed
to virtual testing . 57
Annex F (informative) Recommendations and criteria for multi-body vehicle models
addressed to virtual testing . 61
F.1 Multi-body models . 61
F.2 General requirements . 61
F.3 Modelling requirements . 61
F.4 Model organization . 62
F.5 General recommendations for the material of multi-body-element vehicle models
addressed to virtual crash test . 74
Annex G (informative) Considerations on the modelling techniques of a vehicle restraint
system . 75
G.1 General . 75
G.2 Finite element and multi-body approaches . 75
G.3 Finite element guidelines . 76
G.4 Multi-body guidelines . 76
G.5 Step by step development of a vehicle restraint system . 76
G.6 Verification of the model . 78
Annex H (informative) Recommendations and criteria for finite element vehicle restraint
system models addressed to virtual testing . 80
H.1 Material recommendations for finite element vehicle restraint system models
addressed to virtual testing . 80
H.2 General recommendations for the mesh of finite element vehicle restraint system
models addressed to virtual testing . 80
H.3 2D-mesh specifications . 80
H.4 Welding and connections . 81
H.5 3D-mesh specifications – Mesh features . 81
Annex I (informative) Recommendations and criteria for multi-body vehicle restraint
system models addressed to virtual crash testing . 82
I.1 Introduction . 82
I.2 Welding and connections . 82
I.3 Model validation . 82
Annex J (informative) Failure modes . 83
Bibliography . 85

European foreword
This document (EN 16303:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 226 “Road
equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2021, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by February 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TR 16303-1:2012, CEN/TR 16303-2:2012, CEN/TR 16303-3:2012 and
CEN/TR 16303-4:2012 (which have been merged).
In comparison to the previous Technical Reports, this document contains the following changes:
— some symbols and abbreviations have been modified;
— the roadmap for the validation of the numerical vehicle model has been updated and acceptance
conditions have been provided;
— the validation requirements for virtual testing against vehicle restraint systems have been updated;
— the verification evaluation criteria for finite element model have been updated;
— the template of the report has been updated.
Annexes A, B and C are normative and Annexes D to J are informative.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document provides a common basis for the use of virtual testing to reproduce vehicle impacts
against vehicle restraint systems including safety barriers, crash cushions, terminals and passive safety
devices in accordance with the EN 1317 (all parts) and the EN 12767:2019.
This document provides requirements to establish the degree to which the numerical models of vehicle
restraint system and of vehicle are an accurate representation of the real world from the perspective of
the intended uses of the model.
In this document a methodology is defined to validate the results obtained with computational mechanics
work and to verify the reliability of the virtual test. It also includes a report template and incorporates
specific content for general requirements for the competence of entities performing virtual testing.
General recommendations based on experiences for developing numerical models of vehicle restraint
systems and vehicles for virtual tests are also given.
Two main modelling approaches have been considered:
— finite element (FE) method;
— multi-body (MB) approach.
1 Scope
This document defines the accuracy, credibility and confidence in the results of virtual crash test to
vehicle restraint systems through the definition of procedures for verification, validation and
development of numerical models for roadside safety application. Finally it defines a list of indications to
ensure the competences of an expert/organization in the domain of virtual testing.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1317-1:2010, Road restraint systems - Part 1: Terminology and general criteria for test methods
EN 1317-2:2010, Road restraint systems - Part 2: Performance classes, impact test acceptance criteria and
test methods for safety barriers including vehicle parapets
EN 1317-3:2010, Road restraint systems - Part 3: Performance classes, impact test acceptance criteria and
test methods for crash cushions
ENV 1317-4:2001, Road restraint systems – Part 4: Performance classes, impact test acceptance criteria
and test methods for terminals and transitions of safety barriers
EN 12767:2019, Passive safety of support structures for road equipment - Requirements and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/ui
3.1
independent expert
third-party qualified expert in virtual testing with experience on vehicle restraint systems and/or passive
safety devices, independent from the organisation or the construction product he assesses (see Annex B)
3.2
numerical model
complete mathematical 3-D model of vehicle restraint systems, passive safety devices and vehicles
Note 1 to entry: It refers to a numerical model which might be analytical or discrete and aims to reproduce the
basic physical phenomena of a subject.
3.3
passive safety device
support structures for road equipment tested according to EN 12767:2019

The scope of this document is also applicable to passive safety devices.
3.4
real test
real test performed at a test house according to the relevant standard
3.5
test item
device to be assessed using virtual testing
3.6
validated model
numerical model of the roadside or passive safety device or vehicle that fulfils the requirements of this
document after being checked and agreed by an independent expert
3.7
validation
set of activities defined to assess whether a numerical model can be considered representative of a
physical system or part in a specified range of conditions
3.8
vehicle restraint system
device tested according to EN 1317-1 and EN 1317-2, EN 1317-3or ENV 1317-4
3.9
verification
set of activities defined to check whether a numerical model is reliable and numerically stable
3.10
virtual test or virtual testing
activities related to the use of a numerical model to reproduce a real test and/or to simulate an impact
4 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply:
ASI acceleration severity index
CoG centre of gravity
D dynamic deflection
D measured maximum dynamic deflection of the real test, in metres (m)
m
D measured maximum dynamic deflection of the real test with a tolerance of ± 0,15 m, in
m_mod
metres (m)
D measured maximum dynamic deflection of the virtual test, in metres (m)
VT
FE finite elements
FEA finite elements analysis
HGV heavy goods vehicle
LD lateral displacement
LDm measured lateral displacement of the real test, in metres (m)
LD measured lateral displacement of the real test with a tolerance of ± 0,15 m, in metres (m)
m_mod
LD measured lateral displacement of the virtual test, in metres (m)
VT
MB multi-body
MBA multi-body analysis
THIV theoretical head impact velocity
TT type test
VI vehicle intrusion
VI measured vehicle intrusion of the real test, in metres (m)
m
VI measured vehicle intrusion of the real test with a tolerance of ± 0,15 m, in metres (m)
m_mod
VI measured vehicle intrusion of the virtual test, in metres (m)
VT
VT virtual test or virtual testing
W working width
W measured working width of the real test, in metres (m)
m
W measured working width of the real test with a tolerance of ± 0,15 m, in metres (m)
m_mod
W measured working width of the virtual test, in metres (m)
VT
ΔF change in force
Δs change in displacement
5 Requirements for numerical vehicle model
5.1 Modelling
A complete 3D numerical model of a real test vehicle according to EN 1317-1:2010 respectively
EN 12767:2019, as relevant, shall be created. The geometry of the vehicle and all inertial properties shall
be reproduced accurately. The numerical model shall include at least:
— frame;
— body;
— suspensions systems, front and rear;
— wheels;
— steering system;
— windows;
— engine block;
— ballast.
Vehicle specifications under test conditions shall be as specified as in EN 1317-1:2010, Table 1 and the
EN 12767:2019, 5.3, as relevant.
The vehicle shall be fitted with, as a minimum, one accelerometer for measurement in the longitudinal
(forward) direction, one for the lateral (sideways) direction, one for the vertical direction (downward)
and an angular velocity sensor (rate sensor). The accelerometers shall be mounted as prescribed by the
EN 1317-1:2010. Vehicular accelerations shown by this accelerometer shall be used for the calculation of
the severity indices, according to EN 1317-1:2010.
The model shall be able to reproduce the comparable deformation observed in the type test.
5.2 General vehicle model behaviour assessment
For the validation of the numerical vehicle model, tests shall be performed according to this document,
comparable parameters shall be measured and the results shall be fully documented.
The validation tests that shall be carried out to ensure the numerical stability and the capability of the
numerical model are divided in categories dealing with vehicle setup, vehicle suspension and steering
kinematics, handling and crashworthiness.
5.3 Test methodology
5.3.1 General
The scope of the following analysis is to ensure the stability and robustness of the vehicle model and the
level of reliability of the results.
The finite element model and the multi body vehicle model shall be validated with the same requirements
and limits.
This procedure consists of a fixed number of compulsory tests and a series of additional tests that can be
performed depending on the intended use of the model.
For the vehicle model in order to be considered validated all compulsory tests shall be completed without
error terminations for the specified time.
In general the analysis shall be performed when the vehicle development is completed. Modification(s)
will require to perform some or the full set of the tests again.
In special situations where requirements of this document cannot be satisfied, deviations from the given
rules shall be reported and motivations shall be explained and then checked and agreed by an
independent expert (see Annex B). These exceptions shall only be motivated by technical and not by
economical reasons. An exception can be e.g. if the measurement in a real test cannot be reproduced
consistently.
5.3.2 Test description
5.3.2.1 Compulsory test
The tests are grouped in four different sets:
— Set 1. – Vehicle setup;
— Set 2. – Vehicle suspension and steering kinematics;
— Set 3. – Vehicle handling;
— Set 4. – Vehicle crashworthiness.
The tests included in Table 1 shall be performed to complete the vehicle validation.
The table includes the scope of the test, the results to be provided and the acceptance conditions (limits).
Table 1 — Vehicle validation roadmap compulsory tests
Set 1. – Vehicle setup
Test 1.1 - Idle test (described in C.2)
Scope: Results to be provided: Limits:
Verify stability of the —  Acceleration time (filtered: filter class CFC60) —  Filtered accelerations:
vehicle model and 2
—  Suspensions movement time history a < ± 3,0*9,81[m/s ]
general setup when
—  Suspension movement:
stationary
Δs < |20| [mm] for all
vehicles except heavy
goods vehicles with
mass of 38 tons
Δs < |80| [mm] for heavy
goods vehicles with
mass of 38 tons
Set 2. – Vehicle suspension and steering kinematics
Test 2.1 – Isolated suspensions system (constrained vehicle) – full compression (described in C.3.1)
Scope: Results to be provided: Limits:
Verify suspension —  Comparison between input curves and response —  Allowed variation
kinematic and loading between input curves
—  Identify the suspension maximum compression
and unloading and response:
capacity 0 0
ΔF < │0,05│*F Where F is
the suspension force
when stationary,
displacement
s = 0[mm] (see
Figure F.7 and F.8)
Test 2.2 – Isolated suspensions system (constrained vehicle) – full extension (described in C.3.1)
Scope: Results to be provided: Limits:
Verify suspension —  Comparison between input curves and response —   Allowed variation
kinematic and loading between input curves
—  Identify the suspension maximum extension
capacity and response:
ΔF < │0,05│*F
Where F is the
suspension force when
stationary,
displacement
s = 0[mm] (see
Figure F.7 and F.8)
Test 2.3 – Isolated steering system (constrained vehicle) – full rotation both sides (described in C.3.2)
Scope: Results to be provided: Limits:
Verify steering —  Comparison between left and right wheel —  Verify Ackerman
kinematic steering angle (time Vs angle curves) principle (described in
E.1.5 and Figure E.2)
—  Identify the steering maximum angle with slip-
free rolling of the wheels
Set 3. – Vehicle handling
Test 3.1 - Linear track test (described in C.4.1)
Scope: Results to be provided: Limits:
Verify the general —  Trajectory plot —  Following the linear
behaviour of the vehicle trajectory for minimum
—  Energies balance in time
(steering and suspension of 1,0 [s] with the
system) and its capability maximum speed
to run.
—  Acceptable deviation Δs0
The model shall be able to from the linear
follow the linear trajectory trajectory with the
for about 1,0 s. length Lt:
Δs0 < 0,1* Lt
Test 3.2 - Test on curvilinear track (described in C.4.2)
Scope: Results to be provided: Limits (with a speed of 30 %
of test speed):
Verify the general —  Trajectory plot
behaviour of the vehicle —  The steer shall be
—  Energies balance in time
(steering and suspension applied until the vehicle
system) and its capability rotates at least 20[°]
of steering under an from the original
applied load or by rotating direction
the steering wheel and
—  After reaching the 20[°],
returning in neutral
the model shall follow
(without steering) when
the curvilinear
the force is removed, or the
trajectory of about 1,0
steering wheel is in neutral
[s] with an acceptable
position.
angle deviation of:
The model shall be able to Δβ < ± 5[°]
follow the curvilinear
—  Then, when the steering
trajectory for about 1,0 s.
is removed, the
trajectory shall reach a
straight line
Test 3.3 - Step test (described in C.4.3)
Scope: Results to be provided: Limits:
Verify dynamic behaviour —  Spring suspension change in length Vs time —  Falling from a step
of the suspension system curve. height of ΔH = 80[mm]
and general robustness of with a vehicle speed of
—  Kinetic and total energy time histories
the model to demonstrate 25[km/h], the length vs
the damping of the time curve oscillation
suspension. shall be damped to 50 %
of the first peak, in 2
cycles
Set 4. – Vehicle crashworthiness
Test 4.1 - Against rigidwall (EN 1317-2:2010) (described in C.5)
Scope: Results to be provided: Limits:
Verify the —  Post-impact analyses (severity indices for cars) —  Severity indices tolerance
capability of according to 8.3.8
—  Kinetic and total energy time histories
suffering strong
—  Total energy lost < 10 %
deformations.
Control of the
contact definition.
Test 4.2 – Front collision test (EN 12767:2019, EN 1317) (described in C.5)
Scope: Results to be provided: Limits:
Ensure that the —  Velocity time histories —  Limits according to
front EN 12767:2019, Clause 6
characteristics of and Clause 7
the test vehicle are
within a specified
range.
A more detailed test description is provided by the guidelines within Annex C.
If one of the above virtual tests is not relevant for the analysis to be performed, the entity performing VT
activity shall explain his motivations inside the final validation report and those motivations shall be
checked and agreed by the independent expert.
Tests defined in Set 2 are mandatory only for new vehicles models, not for further revisions of existing
validated models. Some minor modifications (e.g. Mass) may be accepted if explained without further
testing (see Annex A, Virtual Testing – Template for Report).
5.3.2.2 Additional test
Additional tests could be done to evaluate features of the vehicle that are not evaluated by the test in
Table 1 such as the suspension failure (using a test similar to the “Isolated suspensions tests”) or a front
vehicle deformation.
5.4 Verification
For the verification of the numerical vehicle model, requirements of 5.3.2 shall be fulfilled.
5.5 Reporting
All tests shall be reported in vehicle model verification and validation report (see Annex A).
If vehicle models are modified the validated vehicle model shall be mentioned as basis (report reference
to vehicle model validation report) and all changes shall be described in detail.
6 Requirements for numerical model of vehicle restraint system
6.1 Modelling
A complete 3D numerical model of the vehicle restraint system shall be created. The geometry of the
vehicle restraint system and all inertial properties shall be reproduced accurately, according to the
reference drawings of the test item. The numerical model shall include:
— device components;
— components connections;
— fixation to the roadbed / anchoring;
— ground (any soil, asphalt, concrete);
— boundary conditions (e.g. attached terminals or safety barriers).
6.2 Validation and verification
The vehicle restraint system model shall be verified by a simulation that includes the effects of gravity.
The validation and verification test should cover the same simulation time used for the real test described
in Clause 8.
Verification requirements of Table 9 for FEA and Table 10 for MBA shall be fulfilled as a minimum for the
verification test described above.
6.3 Reporting
The modelling, verification of the vehicle restraint system shall be described in detail according to the
report template in Annex A.
7 Requirements for numerical model of passive safety device
7.1 Modelling
A complete 3D numerical model of the passive safety device shall be created. The geometry of the passive
safety device and all inertial properties shall be reproduced faithfully, according to the reference
drawings of the test item. The numerical model shall include:
— device components;
— components connections;
— fixation to the roadbed / anchoring;
— ground (any soil, asphalt, concrete);
— boundary conditions.
7.2 Validation and verification
The passive safety device model shall be verified by a simulation that includes the effects of the gravity.
The validation and verification test should cover the same simulation time used for the real test described
in Clause 8.
Verification requirements of Table 9 for FEA and Table 10 for MBA shall be fulfilled as a minimum for the
verification test described above.
7.3 Reporting
The modelling, verification and validation of the passive safety device shall be described in detail
according to the report template in Annex A.
8 Requirements for validation of virtual testing against test item
8.1 General
To enable the numerical model to be validated, virtual testing shall be in compliance with the TT
performed to assess performance levels of vehicle restraint systems.
The virtual testing shall be performed with the same mass, same speed and same angle as in the TT.
All deviations from real test setup shall be described in detail and justified (e.g. simplified boundary
conditions for terminals).
8.2 Test specifications
8.2.1 Safety barriers
8.2.1.1 General
Vehicle impact tests shall be carried out in compliance with criteria given in EN 1317-2:2010, Table 1.
Type and characteristics of vehicles are described in EN 1317-1:2010, 5.2.
8.2.1.2 Containment category
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 1317-1:2010, Clause 5 and in
EN 1317-2:2010, Clauses 4 and 5.
8.2.1.3 Impact severity
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 1317-1:2010, Clauses 5, 6, 7 and 8 and in
EN 1317-2:2010, Clauses 4 and 5.
8.2.1.4 Deformation of safety barrier
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 1317-1:2010, Clause 5 and in
EN 1317-2:2010, 3.5, Clauses 4 and 5.
8.2.2 Crash cushions
8.2.2.1 General
Vehicle impact tests shall be carried out in compliance with criteria given in EN 1317-3:2010, Table 1.
Type and characteristics of vehicles are described in EN 1317-1:2010, 5.2.
8.2.2.2 Restraint category
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 1317-1:2010, Clause 5 and in
EN 1317-3:2010, 5.3 and 5.6.
8.2.2.3 Impact severity
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 1317-1:2010, Clauses 5, 6, 7 and 8 and in
EN 1317-3:2010, 6.4.
8.2.2.4 Deformation of crash cushion
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 1317-1:2010, Clause 5 and in
EN 1317-3:2010, 6.5.
8.2.2.5 Vehicle redirection zone
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 1317-1:2010, Clause 5 and in
EN 1317-3:2010, 6.3.
8.2.3 Terminals
8.2.3.1 General
Vehicle impact tests shall be carried out in compliance with criteria given in ENV 1317-4:2001, Table 1.
Type and characteristics of vehicles are described in EN 1317-1:2010, 5.2.
8.2.3.2 Restraint category
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 1317-1:2010, Clause 5 and in
ENV 1317-4:2001, 5.1 and 5.2.
8.2.3.3 Impact severity
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 1317-1:2010, Clauses 5, 6, 7, 8 and in
ENV 1317-4:2001, 5.3.
8.2.3.4 Deformation of terminals
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 1317-1:2010, Clause 5 and in
ENV 1317-4:2001, 5.4.
8.2.3.5 Vehicle redirection zone
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 1317-1:2010, Clause 5 and in
ENV 1317-4:2001, 5.5.3.
8.2.4 Passive safety device
8.2.4.1 General
Vehicle impact tests shall be carried out in compliance with criteria given in EN 12767:2019.
Type and characteristics of vehicles are described in EN 1317-1:2010, 5.2 and EN 12767:2019, 5.3.
8.2.4.2 Test method
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 12767:2019, Clause 7 and Annexes A and B.
8.2.4.3 Detached elements and penetration
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 12767:2019, 8.3.3.
8.2.4.4 Vehicle behaviour
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 12767:2019, 8.4.
8.2.4.5 Impact severity
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 1317-1:2010, Clauses 5, 6, 7 and 8 and
EN 12767:2019, 8.5.
8.2.4.6 Energy absorption categories
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 12767:2019, A.3.
8.2.4.7 Classes of occupant safety
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 12767:2019, A.4.
8.2.4.8 Additional requirements for cantilever and gantry sign supports
Tests shall be carried out according to methods given in EN 12767:2019, 6.2.7.
8.3 Comparison tables
8.3.1 General
The Virtual Test shall be compared to the corresponding real test. To validate the model the requirements
described in the following subclauses shall be satisfied and reported in the validation report.
In special situations where requirements of this document cannot be satisfied, deviations from the given
rules shall be reported and motivations shall be explained and then checked and agreed by an
independent expert (see Annex B). These exceptions shall only be motivated by technical and not by
economical reasons. An exception can be e.g. if the measurement in a real test cannot be reproduced
consistently.
The accordance with the real test and the general requirements shall be reported as shown in Tables 2 to
5.
“Yes” is to be ticked if there is agreement between the virtual test and the real test; furthermore when a
criterion is defined, “yes” means that the criterion is satisfied.
Table 2 shall be used for safety barriers, Table 3 for crash cushions, Table 4 for terminals and Table 5 for
passive safety device.
Table 2 — Comparison table – Safety barriers
Qualitative validation requirements - critical behaviour of test Is VT in accordance with result from real test?
vehicle and item
Containment level (EN 1317-2:2010, 3.5 and Clause 4) Yes/no
Rollover (EN 1317-2:2010, 4.3) Yes/no
Exit box (EN 1317-2:2010, 4.3) Yes/no
Wheel trajectory (EN 1317-2:2010, 4.3) Yes/no
Failure of longitudinal elements Yes/no
Failure modes Yes/no
Penetration of parts of the test item inside the vehicle Yes/no
Quantitative validation requirements - essential Is VT in accordance with the requirements
characteristics
Dynamic deflection criterion (8.3.3) Yes/no
Working width criterion (8.3.4) Yes/no
Vehicle intrusion criterion (8.3.5) Yes/no
Table 3 — Comparison table – Crash cushion
Qualitative validation requirements - critical Is VT in accordance with result from real test?
behaviour of test vehicle and item
Containment level (EN 1317-3:2010, 5.3 and 5.6) Yes/no
Rollover (EN 1317-3:2010, 6.3) Yes/no
Redirection zone (EN 1317-3:2010, 6.3) Yes/no
Failure of longitudinal elements Yes/no
Failure modes Yes/no
Penetration of part of the crash cushion inside the Yes/no
vehicle
Quantitative validation requirements - essential Is VT in accordance with the requirements
characteristics
Lateral displacements criterion (8.3.6) Yes/no
Table 4 — Comparison table – Terminals
Qualitative validation requirements - critical Is VT in accordance with result from real test?
behaviour of test vehicle and item
Containment level (ENV 1317-4:2001, 5.1 and 5.2) Yes/no
Rollover (ENV 1317-4:2001, 5.5.3) Yes/no
Redirection zone (ENV 1317-4:2001, 5.5.3) Yes/no
Failure of longitudinal elements Yes/no
Failure modes Yes/no
Penetration of part of the terminal inside the vehicle Yes/no
Quantitative validation requirements - essential Is VT in accordance with the requirements
characteristics
Lateral displacements criterion (8.3.6) Yes/no
Table 5 — Comparison table – Passive safety devices
Qualitative validation requirements - critical Is VT in accordance with result from real test?
behaviour of test vehicle and item
Speed class (EN 12767:2019, 7.4) Yes/no
Rollover Yes/no
Energy absorption category (EN 12767:2019, A.3) Yes/no
Occupant safety class (EN 12767:2019, 8.5) Yes/no
Penetration Yes/no
Collapse modes (EN 12767:2019, 8.3.2) Yes/no
The above tables shall be part of the verification and the validation report, see Annex A.
NOTE A description of failure modes is given in Annex J.
8.3.2 Additional Comparison table for cars
When the virtual test and the real test are performed with a car additional parameters shall be compared
to assess the
...