EN 10228-4:2016
(Main)Non-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 4: Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings
Non-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 4: Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings
This European Standard describes techniques for the manual, pulse-echo, ultrasonic testing of forgings manufactured from austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels. Mechanized scanning techniques, such as immersion testing, may be used but should be agreed between the purchaser and supplier (see Clause 4).
This part of EN 10228 applies to four types of forgings, classified according to their shape and method of production. Types 1, 2 and 3 are essentially simple shapes. Type 4 covers complex shapes.
This part of EN 10228 does not apply to:
- closed die forgings;
- turbine rotor and generator forgings.
Ultrasonic testing of ferritic and martensitic steel forgings is the subject of Part 3 of this European Standard.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schmiedestücken aus Stahl - Teil 4: Ultraschallprüfung von Schmiedestücken aus austenitischem und austenitisch-ferritischem nichtrostendem Stahl
Diese Europäische Norm legt Prüftechniken für die manuelle Impulsecho-Ultraschallprüfung von Schmiedestücken fest, die aus austenitischen oder austenitisch-ferritischen nichtrostenden Stählen gefertigt sind. Mechanisierte Abtastverfahren wie die Tauchtechnik dürfen angewendet werden; darüber sollte jedoch eine Vereinbarung zwischen Besteller und Lieferer getroffen werden (siehe Abschnitt 4).
Dieser Teil der EN 10228 gilt für vier Typen von Schmiedestücken, die nach ihrer Form und nach dem Herstellverfahren eingeteilt sind. Die Typen 1, 2 und 3 umfassen im Wesentlichen einfache Formen. Typ 4 umfasst komplexe Formen.
Dieser Teil der EN 10228 gilt nicht für:
- Gesenkschmiedestücke;
- Schmiedestücke für Turbinen- und Generatorrotoren.
Die Ultraschallprüfung von Schmiedestücken aus ferritischem und martensitischem Stahl ist Gegenstand von Teil 3 dieser Europäischen Norm.
Essais non destructifs des pièces forgées en acier - Partie 4: Contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en aciers inoxydables austénitiques et austéno-ferritiques
La présente norme européenne décrit la méthode manuelle par réflexion d’ondes ultrasonores utilisée pour le contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en aciers inoxydables austénitiques et austéno ferritiques. Les méthodes de balayage automatisées telles que l'essai par immersion peuvent être également utilisées mais après accord entre fournisseur et acheteur (voir Article 4).
La présente partie de l'EN 10228 s'applique à quatre familles de pièces forgées, classées en fonction de leur forme et de leur mode de forgeage. Les pièces appartenant aux familles 1, 2 et 3 sont de formes simples. Les pièces appartenant à la famille 4 ont des formes complexes.
La présente partie de l'EN 10228 ne s'applique pas :
- aux pièces estampées ;
- aux rotors de turbine et aux alternateurs.
Le contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en aciers ferritiques et martensitiques fait l'objet de la partie 3 de la présente Norme européenne.
Neporušitveno preskušanje jeklenih izkovkov - 4. del: Ultrazvočno preskušanje avstenitnih in avstenitno-feritnih nerjavnih jeklenih izkovkov
Ta del standarda EN 10228 določa metode za ročno pulzno-odbojno ultrazvočno preskušanje izkovkov, izdelanih iz avstenitnega in feritno-avstenitnega nerjavnega jekla. Mehanizirane tehnike skeniranja, kot so preskusi s potopitvijo, se lahko uporabljajo, vendar naj bi se kupec in dobavitelj o tem predhodno strinjala.
Ta del standarda EN 10228 se uporablja za štiri tipe izkovkov, ki so klasificirani glede na njihovo obliko in metodo izdelave. Tipi 1, 2 in 3 imajo preprosto obliko. Tip 4 zajema kompleksne oblike.
Ta del standarda EN 10228 se ne uporablja za:
– valjane palice,
– izkovke turbinskih rotorjev in generatorjev.
Ultrazvočno preskušanje izkovkov iz feritnega in martenzitnega jekla je predmet 3. dela standarda EN 10228.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-May-2016
- Withdrawal Date
- 30-Dec-2016
- Technical Committee
- ECISS/TC 111 - Steel castings and forgings
- Drafting Committee
- ECISS/TC 111 - Steel castings and forgings
- Current Stage
- 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
- Start Date
- 30-Mar-2023
- Completion Date
- 14-Apr-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 08-Jun-2016
Overview
EN 10228-4:2016 is the CEN European Standard for non‑destructive testing (NDT) of steel forgings using manual pulse‑echo ultrasonic testing specifically for austenitic and austenitic‑ferritic stainless steel forgings. It defines techniques, equipment, calibration, scanning and reporting requirements to provide consistent detection, classification and recording of discontinuities in forged stainless steel components. Mechanized scanning (for example immersion testing) may be used only by agreement between purchaser and supplier.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Scope and exclusions: Applies to forgings classified as Types 1–4 (Types 1–3 = simple shapes, Type 4 = complex). Does not apply to closed‑die forgings or turbine rotor/generator forgings.
- Test method: Manual pulse‑echo ultrasonic testing; mechanized techniques permitted if agreed. Instrument must provide A‑scan presentation and meet EN 12668‑1.
- Probes: Initial detection probes should meet EN 12668‑2. Nominal frequencies: 0.5–6 MHz. Normal‑beam effective diameters 10–40 mm; angle‑beam probe angles 35°–70° with effective areas 20–625 mm². Dual‑element probes are required for near‑surface testing.
- Calibration & reference blocks: Reference and calibration blocks per EN ISO 2400; DAC (distance‑amplitude curve) and DGS techniques are referenced for sensitivity and sizing (with limits on reference‑block use for DGS). Surface condition of reference blocks should match the test piece.
- Personnel & procedure: Operators must be qualified per EN ISO 9712. Testing is performed against a written test procedure specifying stage of manufacture, scanning plan, couplant, equipment, calibration, recording levels, sizing and acceptance criteria.
- Scanning & acceptance: Options include grid scanning or 100% scanning; scanning coverage, sensitivity setting, recording/acceptance criteria and sizing methods are defined (see EN 10228‑4 tables for recording/acceptance levels).
Applications and users
Who uses EN 10228-4:2016:
- NDT engineers and inspection personnel performing ultrasonic testing on stainless steel forgings
- Forging manufacturers and suppliers specifying inspection requirements
- Purchasers, OEMs and quality/acceptance inspectors who require standardized ultrasonic inspection procedures
- Inspection bodies and certification organizations
Practical benefits:
- Standardizes ultrasonic testing practice for austenitic stainless forgings
- Improves defect detection consistency across suppliers and purchasers
- Defines equipment, calibration and competency requirements to support reliable acceptance decisions
Related standards
- EN 12668‑1/2/3 (ultrasonic instrument/probe/equipment characterization)
- EN ISO 2400 (calibration block)
- EN ISO 16811, EN ISO 16827 (sensitivity, range and sizing)
- EN ISO 9712 (NDT personnel qualification)
- EN 10228 parts 1–3 (magnetic particle, penetrant, and ferritic/martensitic ultrasonic testing)
Keywords: EN 10228-4:2016, ultrasonic testing, austenitic stainless steel forgings, non‑destructive testing, NDT, pulse‑echo, DAC, DGS, EN ISO 9712.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 10228-4:2016 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Non-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 4: Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings". This standard covers: This European Standard describes techniques for the manual, pulse-echo, ultrasonic testing of forgings manufactured from austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels. Mechanized scanning techniques, such as immersion testing, may be used but should be agreed between the purchaser and supplier (see Clause 4). This part of EN 10228 applies to four types of forgings, classified according to their shape and method of production. Types 1, 2 and 3 are essentially simple shapes. Type 4 covers complex shapes. This part of EN 10228 does not apply to: - closed die forgings; - turbine rotor and generator forgings. Ultrasonic testing of ferritic and martensitic steel forgings is the subject of Part 3 of this European Standard.
This European Standard describes techniques for the manual, pulse-echo, ultrasonic testing of forgings manufactured from austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels. Mechanized scanning techniques, such as immersion testing, may be used but should be agreed between the purchaser and supplier (see Clause 4). This part of EN 10228 applies to four types of forgings, classified according to their shape and method of production. Types 1, 2 and 3 are essentially simple shapes. Type 4 covers complex shapes. This part of EN 10228 does not apply to: - closed die forgings; - turbine rotor and generator forgings. Ultrasonic testing of ferritic and martensitic steel forgings is the subject of Part 3 of this European Standard.
EN 10228-4:2016 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 77.020 - Production of metals; 77.040.20 - Non-destructive testing of metals; 77.140.85 - Iron and steel forgings. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 10228-4:2016 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 10228-4:1999. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 10228-4:2016 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 97/23/EC. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schmiedestücken aus Stahl - Teil 4: Ultraschallprüfung von Schmiedestücken aus austenitischem und austenitisch-ferritischem nichtrostendem StahlEssais non destructifs des pièces forgées en acier - Partie 4 : Contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en aciers inoxydables austénitiques et austéno-ferritiquesNon-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 4: Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings77.140.85Železni in jekleni kovani izdelkiIron and steel forgings77.040.20Neporušitveno preskušanje kovinNon-destructive testing of metalsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 10228-4:2016SIST EN 10228-4:2016en,fr,de01-september-2016SIST EN 10228-4:2016SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 10228-4:20001DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 10228-4
June
t r s x ICS
y yä r v rä t râ
y yä s v rä z w Supersedes EN
s r t t zæ vã s { { {English Version
Nonædestructive testing of steel forgings æ Part
vã Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austeniticæferritic stainless steel forgings Essais non destructifs des pièces forgées en acier æ Partie
vã Contrôle par ultrasons des pièces forgées en aciers inoxydables austénitiques et austénoæferritiques Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schmiedestücken aus Stahl æ Teil
vã Ultraschallprüfung von Schmiedestücken aus austenitischem und austenitischæferritischem nichtrostendem Stahl This European Standard was approved by CEN on
u October
t r s wä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey andUnited Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
t r s x CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s r t t zæ vã t r s x ESIST EN 10228-4:2016
European foreword . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Mandatory information . 6 5 Test procedure . 6 5.1 General . 6 5.2 Form . 6 5.3 Content . 7 6 Personnel qualification . 7 7 Equipment and accessories . 7 7.1 Instrument . 7 7.2 Probes. 7 7.2.1 General . 7 7.2.2 Contouring . 8 7.2.3 Nominal frequency . 8 7.2.4 Normal-beam probes . 8 7.2.5 Angle-beam probes . 8 7.2.6 Dual-element probes . 8 7.3 Calibration blocks . 8 7.4 Reference blocks . 8 7.5 Couplant. 8 8 Routine calibration and checking . 9 9 Stage of manufacture . 9 10 Surface condition . 9 10.1 General . 9 10.2 Surface finish related to quality class . 9 10.3 As-forged surface condition . 9 11 Test sensitivity . 10 11.1 General . 10 11.2 Normal-beam probes . 10 11.3 Angle-beam probes . 10 11.4 Repeat testing . 10 12 Scanning . 10 12.1 General . 10 12.2 Complex forgings . 11 12.3 Grid scanning coverage . 11 12.4 100 % scanning coverage . 11 12.5 Scanning speed . 11 13 Classification . 14 13.1 Classification of indications . 14 13.2 Classification of discontinuities . 16 SIST EN 10228-4:2016
Maximum testable depth for corresponding beam path range for circumferential angle-beam scans . 22 Annex B (informative)
Amplitude of indication in dB relative to % DAC . 24 Annex C (informative)
Significant technical changes to the version EN 10228-4:1999 . 25
...
The article discusses the European Standard EN 10228-4:2016, which outlines the use of ultrasonic testing for steel forgings made from austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels. The standard describes manual pulse-echo techniques, but mechanized scanning methods may also be used with agreement between the purchaser and supplier. The standard applies to four types of forgings with different shapes and production methods, excluding closed die forgings and turbine rotor and generator forgings. Ultrasonic testing of ferritic and martensitic steel forgings is covered in Part 3 of the standard.
記事のタイトル：EN 10228-4:2016 - 非破壊検査による鋼鍛造品の検査 - 第4部：オーステナイト及びオーステナイト・フェライトステンレス鋼鍛造品の超音波検査 記事の内容：このヨーロッパ規格では、オーステナイトおよびオーステナイト・フェライトステンレス鋼から製造された鍛造品の手動式パルスエコー超音波検査技術について説明しています。自動化されたスキャン技術、例えば浸漬検査は使用することができますが、購入者と供給業者の合意が必要です（第4条を参照）。 このEN 10228の一部は、形状と製造方法によって分類される4つのタイプの鍛造品に適用されます。1、2、3タイプは基本的には単純な形状です。タイプ4は複雑な形状をカバーしています。 このEN 10228の一部は、以下には適用されません： - 閉鋳造品 - タービンローターや発電機の鍛造品 フェライトおよびマルテンサイト鋼鍛造品の超音波検査は、このヨーロッパ規格の第3部で扱われています。
The article discusses EN 10228-4:2016, a European standard that outlines techniques for ultrasonic testing of forgings made from austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels. The standard covers manual, pulse-echo ultrasonic testing, but mechanized scanning techniques may also be used with agreement between the purchaser and supplier. The standard applies to four types of forgings, excluding closed die forgings, turbine rotor, and generator forgings. Ultrasonic testing of ferritic and martensitic steel forgings is covered in Part 3 of the standard.
記事のタイトル: EN 10228-4:2016 - 非破壊検査の鋼鍛造物 - 第4部：オーステナイトおよびオーステナイト-フェライトステンレス鋼鍛造物の超音波検査 記事の内容: このヨーロッパ規格は、オーステナイトおよびオーステナイト-フェライトステンレス鋼から製造された鍛造物の手動パルスエコー超音波検査技術について説明しています。機械化されたスキャン技術、例えば浸漬検査は、購入者と供給業者との間で合意されるべきです（第4条を参照）。 このEN 10228の部分は、形状と製造方法によって分類される4つのタイプの鍛造物に適用されます。1、2、3のタイプは基本的な形状です。4タイプは複雑な形状をカバーしています。 このEN 10228の部分は次のものには適用されません： -クローズドダイ鍛造物 -タービンローターおよび発電機鍛造物 フェライトおよびマルテンサイト鋼鍛造物の超音波検査については、このヨーロッパ規格の第3部で扱われています。
기사 제목: EN 10228-4:2016 - 스테인리스강 단조품의 비파괴 검사 - 제4부: 오스테나이트 및 오스테나이트-페라이틱 스테인리스강 단조품의 초음파 검사 기사 내용: 이 유럽 표준은 오스테나이트 및 오스테나이트-페라이틱 스테인리스강으로 제조된 단조품의 수동 펄스-에코 초음파 검사 기술을 설명한다. 부분적인 검사 기법인 침지 검사와 같은 기계화 스캐닝 기법은 구매자와 공급업체 사이에 합의해야 한다(제4절 참조). 이 EN 10228의 이 부분은 모양과 생산 방법에 따라 분류된 네 가지 유형의 단조품에 적용된다. 1, 2, 3 유형은 기본적으로 간단한 모양이다. 4 유형은 복잡한 모양을 다루고 있다. 이 EN 10228의 이 부분은 다음에 적용되지 않는다: - 다이 단조품 - 터빈 로터 및 발전기 단조품 페라이틱 및 마티네틱 스테인리스강 단조품의 초음파 검사는 이 유럽 표준의 제3부를 다룬다.
기사 제목: EN 10228-4:2016 - 스테인리스강 장형물의 비파괴 검사 - 제4부: 오스테나이트 및 오스테나이트-페로라이트 스테인리스강 장형물의 초음파 검사 기사 내용: 이 유럽 표준은 오스테나이트 및 오스테나이트-페로라이트 스테인리스강으로 제조된 장형물들의 수동적-반사(펄스-에코) 초음파 검사 기술을 설명한다. 피강 검사와 같은 기계화 스캐닝 기술은 구매자와 공급자 사이에서 합의해야 하지만 사용될 수 있다(제4절 참조). EN 10228의 이 부분은 형태와 생산 방법에 따라 분류된 네 가지 유형의 장형물에 적용된다. 1, 2, 3 유형은 기본적으로 간단한 모양을 가진다. 4 유형은 복잡한 모양을 다룬다. 이 부분의 EN 10228은 다음에 적용되지 않는다: - 닫힌 다이형장 - 터빈 로터 및 발전기 장형물. 페로라이트 및 마르텐사이트 강 장형물의 초음파 검사는 이 유럽 표준의 제3부에 다루어진다.
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