CEN/TS 12390-11:2010
(Main)Testing hardened concrete - Part 11: Determination of the chloride resistance of concrete, unidirectional diffusion
Testing hardened concrete - Part 11: Determination of the chloride resistance of concrete, unidirectional diffusion
This Technical Specification is a method for determining the unidirectional non-steady state chloride penetration parameters of conditioned specimens of hardened concrete. The test method enables the determination of the chloride penetration at a specified age, e.g. for ranking of concrete quality by comparative testing. Since resistance to chloride penetration depends on the ageing, including the effects of continual hydration, then the ranking may also change with age.
Prüfung von Festbeton - Teil 11: Bestimmung des Chloridwiderstandes von Beton - Einseitig gerichtete Diffusion
Diese Technische Spezifikation beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Parameter des einseitig gerichteten instationären Chlorideindringens in vorkonditionierte Probekörper aus Festbeton. Dieses Prüfverfahren ermöglicht die Bestimmung des Chlorideindringens bei einer bestimmten Altersstufe, um z. B. die Betongüte durch Vergleichsprüfungen einzustufen. Da der Widerstand gegen Chloridein¬dringen von der Alterung einschließlich der Auswirkungen fortschreitender Hydratation abhängt, kann sich auch die entsprechende Einstufung mit dem Alter ändern.
Essai sur béton durci - Partie 11: Détermination de la résistance du béton à la pénétration des chlorures, diffusion unidirectionnelle
La présente spécification technique est une méthode de détermination des paramètres de pénétration
unidirectionnelle des chlorures en régime non stationnaire pour des éprouvettes conditionnées de béton durci.
Elle permet de déterminer la pénétration des chlorures à un âge spécifié, par exemple, pour classer la qualité
du béton par des essais comparatifs. La résistance à la pénétration des chlorures dépendant du
vieillissement, notamment des effets de la poursuite de l’hydratation, le classement des bétons peut
également varier avec l’âge.
Preskušanje strjenega betona - 11. del: Ugotavljanje odpornosti betona proti kloridom, enosmerna difuzija
Ta tehnična specifikacija je metoda za ugotavljanje parametrov enosmernega prodiranja kloridov v pogojene preskušance iz strjenega betona v položaju, ki ni mirujoč. Preskusna metoda omogoča določanje prodiranja kloridov pri določeni starosti, npr. za razvrščanje kakovosti betona glede na primerjalno preskušanje. Ker je odpornost na prodiranje kloridov odvisna od staranja, vključno z učinki stalne hidracije, se lahko tudi razvrščanje s starostjo spremeni.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST-TS prCEN/TS 12390-11:2009
01-april-2009
Preskušanje strjenega betona - 11. del: Ugotavljanje odpornosti betona proti
kloridom, enosmerna diferenciacija
Testing hardened concrete - Determination of the chloride resistance of concrete,
unidirectional diffusion
Essai sur béton durci - Partie 11: Détermination de la résistance du béton à la
pénétration des chlorures, diffusion unidirectionnelle
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prCEN/TS 12390-11
ICS:
91.100.30 Beton in betonski izdelki Concrete and concrete
products
oSIST-TS prCEN/TS 12390-11:2009 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
oSIST-TS prCEN/TS 12390-11:2009
oSIST-TS prCEN/TS 12390-11:2009
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
FINAL DRAFT
prCEN/TS 12390-11
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
February 2009
ICS
English Version
Testing hardened concrete - Determination of the chloride
resistance of concrete, unidirectional diffusion
Essai sur béton durci - Partie 11: Détermination de la
résistance du béton à la pénétration des chlorures,
diffusion unidirectionnelle
This draft Technical Specification is submitted to CEN members for formal vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
104.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a Technical Specification. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice
and shall not be referred to as a Technical Specification.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prCEN/TS 12390-11:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
oSIST-TS prCEN/TS 12390-11:2009
prCEN/TS 12390-11:2009 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Principle .6
5 Reagents and apparatus .7
5.1 Reagents .7
5.2 Apparatus .7
6 Preparation of specimens .8
6.1 Preparing sub-specimens .8
6.2 Conditioning and preparation of profile specimen for chloride testing .9
6.2.1 Vacuum saturation of the profile specimens .9
6.2.2 Sealing surfaces other than the surface to be exposed .9
6.2.3 Profile specimen for immersion . 10
6.2.4 Profile specimen for ponding . 10
6.2.5 Profile specimen for inversion . 11
7 Procedure . 12
7.1 Exposure conditions . 12
7.1.1 Chloride exposure solution . 12
7.1.2 Exposure temperature . 12
7.2 Exposure method. 12
7.2.1 General . 12
7.2.2 Immersion . 12
7.2.3 Ponding . 12
7.2.4 Inversion . 12
7.3 Exposure period. 13
7.4 Determination of initial chloride content (C ) . 13
i
7.5 Profile grinding . 13
7.6 Chloride Analysis. 14
8 Regression procedure and expression of results . 14
9 Test report . 16
10 Precision . 17
Annex A (informative) Diffusion Coefficients . 18
Annex B (informative) Core test specimen . 19
Annex C (informative) Typical equipment and procedure for vacuum saturation . 20
C.1 Apparatus . 20
C.2 Procedure . 21
Annex D (normative) Immersion method for large specimens. 22
Bibliography . 23
oSIST-TS prCEN/TS 12390-11:2009
prCEN/TS 12390-11:2009 (E)
Foreword
This document (prCEN/TS 12390-11:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104
“Concrete and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the TC Approval.
The drafting of this Technical Specification was delegated to CEN/TC 51/WG 12/TG 5.
This test method is one of a series concerned with testing concrete. At the behest of CEN, RILEM reviewed
chloride testing methods [1] and this Technical Specification is based on their recommendations. In addition,
th
this Technical Specification draws on recommendations from the EU-project “Chlortest” 5 Framework
Programme (GRD1-2002-71808/G6RD-CT-2002-00855) [2] immersion test recommendation as well as the
Nordtest Method NT Build 443 Concrete hardened: Accelerated Chloride penetration [3].
The series EN 12390 "Testing hardened concrete" includes the following parts:
Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens and moulds;
Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests;
Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens;
Part 4: Compressive strength – Specification for testing machines;
Part 5: Flexural strength of test specimens;
Part 6: Tensile splitting strength of test specimens;
Part 7: Density of hardened concrete;
Part 8: Depth of penetration of water under pressure;
Part 9: Freeze-thaw resistance Scaling ;
1;
Part 10: Determination of the relative carbonation resistance of concrete
Part 11: Determination of the chloride resistance of concrete, unidirectional diffusion (this document) .
1 For the time being, status of Technical Specification (CEN/TS).
oSIST-TS prCEN/TS 12390-11:2009
prCEN/TS 12390-11:2009 (E)
Introduction
Steel reinforced concrete structures exposed to the ingress of chloride, either from seawater or other sources,
need to be durable for at least the intended working life. The possibility of reinforcement corrosion is
significantly increased as the chloride level at the embedded reinforcement increases. For this reason, the
chloride diffusivity or penetrability of the concrete is an important property to measure and this Technical
Specification sets out a test method that may be applied to specimens cast to assess the potential chloride
resistance properties of a concrete mix.
NOTE This test method takes a minimum of 119 days comprising a minimum age of the specimen prior to testing of
28 days, a minimum of one day to prepare and condition the specimen and then 90 days to expose the specimen to the
chloride solution.
oSIST-TS prCEN/TS 12390-11:2009
prCEN/TS 12390-11:2009 (E)
1 Scope
This Technical Specification is a method for determining the unidirectional non-steady state chloride
penetration parameters of conditioned specimens of hardened concrete. The test method enables the
determination of the chloride penetration at a specified age, e.g. for ranking of concrete quality by comparative
testing. Since resistance to chloride penetration depends on the aging, including the effects of continual
hydration, then the ranking may also change with age.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12390-2, Testing hardened concrete — Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests
EN 12504-1, Testing concrete in structures — Part 1: Cored specimens — Taking, examining and testing in
compression
EN 14629, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test methods -
Determination of chloride content in hardened concrete
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
as-cast surface
surface of a concrete element exposed in the construction works to a chloride environment
3.2
chloride content
amount of acid-soluble chloride expressed in percent by mass of concrete
3.3
chloride penetration
ingress of chlorides into concrete due to exposure to external chloride sources
3.4
diffusion
movement of molecules or ions under a concentration gradient, that is movement from a zone of high
concentration to a zone with a lower concentration
3.5
diffusion coefficient
proportionality between the molecular flux (e.g. rate of flow of chloride ions) and the concentration gradient in
the diffusion equation (in this Technical Specification Fick’s Law is adopted), see Annex A
3.6
initial chloride content
C
i
chloride content at a distance sufficiently remote from the surface as to not have been influenced by
penetration of the chloride exposure solution (it reflects the initial chloride content that came from the
constituents when the concrete was mixed)
oSIST-TS prCEN/TS 12390-11:2009
prCEN/TS 12390-11:2009 (E)
3.7
non-steady state diffusion coefficient
D
nss
diffusion coefficient that takes into account simultaneous chloride binding (this reflects the rate of diffusion of
chloride into a concrete when part of the chloride is being bound by the cement), see Annex A
NOTE The steady-state chloride diffusion coefficient is measured on water saturated samples where chloride diffuses
through a thin specimen between two reservoirs of chloride solution, where one reservoir is at a higher concentration than
the other. This steady state chloride diffusion is not covered by this test method. The steady-state chloride diffusion
coefficient only reflects the ionic transport diffusion through concrete, as the concrete is unable to bind any more chloride
ion.
3.8
profile grinding
dry process grinding a concrete specimen in thin successive layers
3.9
vacuum saturated condition
specimen that is vacuum saturated with water
4 Principle
A specimen, either a cylinder or cube, is cast and cured in accordance with EN 12390-2, with a minimum
curing period of not less than 28 days.
Annex B gives guidance on the testing of core specimens, where the core may be sampled from a test
element, a precast concrete element or a structure.
The specimen is divi
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2010
Preskušanje strjenega betona - 11. del: Ugotavljanje odpornosti betona proti
kloridom, enosmerna difuzija
Testing hardened concrete - Part 11: Determination of the chloride resistance of
concrete, unidirectional diffusion
Prüfung von Festbeton -Teil 11: Bestimmung des Chloridwiderstandes von Beton,
einseitig gerichtete Diffusion
Essai sur béton durci - Partie 11: Détermination de la résistance du béton à la
pénétration des chlorures, diffusion unidirectionnelle
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 12390-11:2010
ICS:
91.100.30 Beton in betonski izdelki Concrete and concrete
products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 12390-11
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
January 2010
ICS 91.100.30
English Version
Testing hardened concrete - Part 11: Determination of the
chloride resistance of concrete, unidirectional diffusion
Essai sur béton durci - Partie 11: Détermination de la Prüfung von Festbeton - Teil 11: Bestimmung des
résistance du béton à la pénétration des chlorures, Chloridwiderstandes von Beton - Einseitig gerichtete
diffusion unidirectionnelle Diffusion
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 20 June 2009 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 12390-11:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Principle .6
5 Reagents and apparatus .7
5.1 Reagents .7
5.2 Apparatus .7
6 Preparation of specimens .8
6.1 Preparing sub-specimens .8
6.2 Conditioning and preparation of profile specimen for chloride testing .9
6.2.1 Vacuum saturation of the profile specimens .9
6.2.2 Sealing surfaces other than the surface to be exposed .9
6.2.3 Profile specimen for immersion . 10
6.2.4 Profile specimen for ponding . 10
6.2.5 Profile specimen for inversion . 11
7 Procedure . 12
7.1 Exposure conditions . 12
7.1.1 Chloride exposure solution . 12
7.1.2 Exposure temperature . 12
7.2 Exposure method. 12
7.2.1 General . 12
7.2.2 Immersion . 12
7.2.3 Ponding . 12
7.2.4 Inversion . 13
7.3 Exposure period. 13
7.4 Determination of initial chloride content (C ) . 13
i
7.5 Profile grinding . 13
7.6 Chloride Analysis. 14
8 Regression procedure and expression of results . 14
9 Test report . 16
10 Precision . 17
Annex A (informative) Diffusion Coefficients . 18
Annex B (informative) Core test specimen . 19
Annex C (informative) Typical equipment and procedure for vacuum saturation . 20
C.1 Apparatus . 20
C.2 Procedure . 21
Annex D (normative) Immersion method for large specimens. 22
Bibliography . 23
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 12390-11:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete
and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The drafting of this Technical Specification was delegated to CEN/TC 51/WG 12/TG 5.
This test method is one of a series concerned with testing concrete. At the behest of CEN, RILEM reviewed
chloride testing methods [1] and this Technical Specification is based on their recommendations. In addition,
th
this Technical Specification draws on recommendations from the EU-project “Chlortest” 5 Framework
Programme (GRD1-2002-71808/G6RD-CT-2002-00855) [2] immersion test recommendation as well as the
Nordtest Method NT Build 443 Concrete hardened: Accelerated Chloride penetration [3].
EN 12390, Testing hardened concrete, consists of the following parts:
Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens and moulds
Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests
Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens
Part 4: Compressive strength ― Specification for testing machines
Part 5: Flexural strength of test specimens
Part 6: Tensile splitting strength of test specimens
Part 7: Density of hardened concrete
Part 8: Depth of penetration of water under pressure
1)
Part 9: Freeze-thaw resistance Scaling
1)
Part 10: Determination of the relative carbonation resistance of concrete
1)
Part 11: Determination of the chloride resistance of concrete, unidirectional diffusion
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
1) For the time being, status of Technical Specification (CEN/TS).
Introduction
Steel reinforced concrete structures exposed to the ingress of chloride, either from seawater or other sources,
need to be durable for at least the intended working life. The possibility of reinforcement corrosion is
significantly increased as the chloride level at the embedded reinforcement increases. For this reason, the
chloride diffusivity or penetrability of the concrete is an important property to measure and this Technical
Specification sets out a test method that may be applied to specimens cast to assess the potential chloride
resistance properties of a concrete mix.
NOTE This test method takes a minimum of 119 days comprising a minimum age of the specimen prior to testing of
28 days, a minimum of one day to prepare and condition the specimen and then 90 days to expose the specimen to the
chloride solution.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification is a method for determining the unidirectional non-steady state chloride
penetration parameters of conditioned specimens of hardened concrete. The test method enables the
determination of the chloride penetration at a specified age, e.g. for ranking of concrete quality by comparative
testing. Since resistance to chloride penetration depends on the ageing, including the effects of continual
hydration, then the ranking may also change with age.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12390-2, Testing hardened concrete — Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests
EN 12504-1, Testing concrete in structures — Part 1: Cored specimens — Taking, examining and testing in
compression
EN 14629, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Test methods —
Determination of chloride content in hardened concrete
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
as-cast surface
surface of a concrete element exposed in the construction works to a chloride environment
3.2
chloride content
amount of acid-soluble chloride expressed in percent by mass of concrete
3.3
chloride penetration
ingress of chlorides into concrete due to exposure to external chloride sources
3.4
diffusion
movement of molecules or ions under a concentration gradient, that is movement from a zone of high
concentration to a zone with a lower concentration
3.5
diffusion coefficient
proportionality between the molecular flux (e.g. rate of flow of chloride ions) and the concentration gradient in
the diffusion equation
NOTE 1 In this Technical Specification Fick’s Law is adopted.
NOTE 2 See Annex A.
3.6
initial chloride content
C
i
chloride content at a distance sufficiently remote from the surface as to not have been influenced by
penetration of the chloride exposure solution
NOTE It reflects the initial chloride content that came from the constituents when the c
...
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