CEN/TS 15442:2006
(Main)Solid recovered fuels - Methods for sampling
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for sampling
This Technical Specification describes methods for taking samples of solid recovered fuels for example from production plants, from deliveries or from stock. It includes manual and mechanical methods.
It is not applicable to solid recovered fuels that are formed by liquid or sludge, but it includes dewatered sludge.
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Probenahme
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes d'échantillonnage
Trdno alternativno gorivo - Metode za vzorčenje
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2007
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Solid recovered fuels - Methods for sampling
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Probenahme
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes d'échantillonnage
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15442:2006
ICS:
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15442
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
November 2006
ICS 75.160.10
English Version
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for sampling
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Probenahme
d'échantillonnage
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 13 May 2006 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15442:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms .8
5 Principle.9
6 Development of a sampling plan.9
6.1 Principle.9
6.2 Definition of overall objectives.10
6.3 Definition of a lot and determining lot size .10
6.4 Determination of the sampling procedure .11
6.5 Determination of the number of increments.12
6.6 Determination of minimum sample size.12
6.7 Determination of the minimum increment size.12
6.8 Determination of the effective increment and sample sizes .12
6.9 Selection of distribution of increments over a lot.13
7 Implementation of a sampling plan.13
7.1 Sampling from a material flow.13
7.2 Sampling from a vehicle .14
7.3 Sampling from a static lot.15
8 Handling and storage of samples .16
9 Precision.16
Annex A (normative) Step-by-step plan for the development of a sampling plan .17
Annex B (informative) Guideline for a sampling plan.19
Annex C (normative) Sampling equipment and implements.23
Annex D (normative) Determination of minimum sample size.30
Annex E (normative) Determination of minimum increment size for sampling from material flows .35
Annex F (normative) Determination of minimum increment size for sampling from static lots or
vehicles.38
Annex G (normative) Implementation of sampling from a material flow.39
Annex H (normative) Implementation of sampling from a static lot or vehicle .43
Annex I (normative) Minimum sample size required for analysis.45
Bibliography .50
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15442:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid
recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.
This document is one of a series of Technical Specifications dealing with solid recovered fuel.
CEN/TS 15442, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for sampling
CEN/TS 15443, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for laboratory sample preparation
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Introduction
The testing of solid recovered fuel enables informed decisions about their subsequent handling and use. In
order to carry out a test on a solid recovered fuel a sample of the material is required. Before any sampling
operation is devised it is important that the objectives for sampling are clearly identified and subsequently well
executed to ensure that the expectations of any involved parties are recognized and satisfied. The
identification of objectives helps to define the level of testing required, e.g. thorough examination or routine
testing and in addition desired reliability of testing / assessment and frequency of testing. The sampling
objectives, along with the sequence of operations required to fulfil them are detailed in an overall sampling
plan. After a sampling plan has been prepared the sampling of solid recovered fuel itself can be implemented.
Figure 1 shows the links between the essential elements of a testing program.
Sampling procedures are provided for a range of process streams and common storage conditions. The
sampling technique adopted depends on a combination of different characteristics of the material and
circumstances encountered at the sampling location. The determining factors are:
the type of solid recovered fuel;
the situation at the sampling location/ the way in which the material occurs (e.g. in a stockpile, on a
conveyor belt, in a lorry);
the (expected) degree of heterogeneity (e.g. monostreams, mixed fuels, blended fuels).
This Technical Specification is primarily geared toward laboratories, producers, suppliers and purchasers of
solid recovered fuels, but is also useful for the authorities and inspection organizations.
Figure 1 — Links between the essential elements of a testing program
This Technical Specification describes methods for taking samples of solid recovered fuels for example from
production plants, from deliveries or from stock. It includes manual and mechanical methods.
It is not applicable to solid recovered fuels that are formed by liquid or sludge, but it includes dewatered
sludge.
Technical Specifications for sampling of solid biofuels are available from Technical Committee CEN/TC 335
“Solid biofuels” (1) (2) (3). A European standard and a Technical Report for the sampling for the purpose of
the characterization of waste are available from CEN/TC 292 (4) (5).
1 Scope
This Technical Specification describes methods for taking samples of solid recovered fuels for example from
production plants, from deliveries or from stock. It includes manual and mechanical methods.
It is not applicable to solid recovered fuels that are formed by liquid or sludge, but it includes dewatered
sludge.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
CEN/TS 15357:2006, Solid recovered fuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions
CEN/TS 15401, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for the determination of bulk density
CEN/TS 15413, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for the preparation of the test sample from the laboratory
sample
CEN/TS 15415, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of particle size distribution by screen method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in CEN/TS 15357:2006 and the following
apply.
3.1
coefficient of variation
a measure of dispersion of a probability distribution, defined as the ratio of the standard deviation (this is the
positive square root of the average of squared deviations from the mean) to the arithmetic mean of a set of
measurements
3.2
effective increment size
minimum sample size divided by the number of increments
NOTE The effective increment size should never be smaller than the minimum increment size.
3.3
effective sample size
effective increment size multiplied by the number of increments
NOTE The effective sample size should never be smaller than the minimum sample size.
3.4
general analysis sample
sub-sample of a laboratory sample having a nominal top size of 1 mm or less and used for a number chemical
and physical analysis
3.5
heterogeneity
degree to which a property or a solid recovered fuel component is not uniformly distributed throughout a
quantity of material
3.6
homogeneity
degree to which a property or a solid recovered fuel component is uniformly distributed throughout a quantity
of material
3.7
increment
portion of solid recovered fuel extracted in a single operation of the sampling device
3.8
lot
quantity of SRF produced during a consecutive period, provided that in this period no significant changes
occur in the types of waste used in the production process
NOTE The different types of waste are identified by the number of the European Waste List (6).
3.9
minimum increment size
minimum dimensions or size of the increment that shall be taken from a lot, from the point of view of
preserving its representativeness
NOTE The product of the minimum increment size and the number of increments to be taken should never be
smaller than the minimum sample size.
3.10
minimum sample size
minimum sample size required during sampling and sample preparation from the point of view of preserving
its representativeness
NOTE The minimum sample size is equal to the effective increment size multiplied by the number of increments, and
is linked directly to the nominal top size (d ).
3.11
nominal top size
d
aperture size of the sieve used in the CEN/TS 15415 through which at least 95 % by mass of the material
passes
3.12
probabilistic sampling
sampling conducted according to the statistical principles of sampling
3.13
random sampling
taking a sample from a lot in such a way that all possible samples have the same probability of being taken
[ISO 3534-1:1993]
3.14
sample
quantity of material, representative of a larger quantity for which the property is to be determined
3.15
sample preparation
all the actions taken to obtain representative analysis samples or test portions from the original sample
3.16
sampling
process of drawing or constituting a sample
[ISO 3534-1:1993]
3.17
sampling plan
predetermined procedure for the selection , withdrawal, preservation, transportation and preparation of the
portions to be removed from a population
...
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