EN ISO 23537-1:2022
(Main)Requirements for sleeping bags - Part 1: Thermal, mass and dimensional requirements for sleeping bags designed for limit temperatures of ‐20°C and higher (ISO 23537-1:2022)
Requirements for sleeping bags - Part 1: Thermal, mass and dimensional requirements for sleeping bags designed for limit temperatures of ‐20°C and higher (ISO 23537-1:2022)
This document specifies the requirements, test methods and other provisions for the labelling of adult sized sleeping bags for use in sports and leisure time activities at a limit temperature ≥ ‐20 °C regarding thermal characteristics, dimensions and mass.
This document describes a method for the assessment of performance in steady‐state conditions of a sleeping bag with regard to the protection against cold.
NOTE 1 Sleeping bags without homogeneous fillings designed to provide local extra insulation in certain parts pose issues with the calibration and/or test procedure. Ongoing work continues to provide suitable means of establishing temperature ratings.
This document does not apply to sleeping bags intended for specific purpose such as military use and extreme climate zone expedition. It does not apply to sleeping bags for children or babies.
NOTE 2 No prediction model exists for the determination of the limiting temperatures based on the thermal resistance of the sleeping bag for children and babies. Moreover, such a model for testing cannot be developed because the necessary controlled sleep trials with children or babies in climatic chambers are, out of ethical reasons, not possible.
Anforderungen an Schlafsäcke - Teil 1: Thermische Anforderungen, Masse und Abmessungen an Schlafsäcke, die für Grenztemperaturen von -20 °C und höher ausgelegt sind (ISO 23537-1:2022)
Dieses Dokument legt die Anforderungen, Prüfverfahren und andere Bestimmungen zur Kennzeichnung von Schlafsäcken für Erwachsene, die bei Sport und Freizeitaktivitäten bei einer Grenztemperatur von ≥ −20 °C benutzt werden, bezüglich der thermischen Eigenschaften, die Abmessungen und die Masse fest.
Dieses Dokument beschreibt das Verfahren zur Beurteilung der Leistung eines Schlafsacks hinsichtlich des Schutzes gegen Kälte bei konstanten Bedingungen.
ANMERKUNG 1 Schlafsäcke ohne homogene Füllungen zur zusätzlichen lokalen Isolierung in bestimmten Teilen sind hinsichtlich der Kalibrierverfahren und/oder des Prüfablaufs problematisch. Die laufenden Arbeiten werden fortgesetzt, um geeignete Verfahren zur Erstellung von Temperaturwerten bereitzustellen.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anzuwenden für Schlafsäcke, die für besondere Zwecke vorgesehen sind, wie z. B. die militärische Verwendung und die Verwendung bei Expeditionen in extremen Klimazonen. Es ist nicht anzuwenden für Schlafsäcke für Kinder oder Säuglinge.
ANMERKUNG 2 Es existiert kein Vorhersagemodell zur Bestimmung der Grenztemperaturen auf Grundlage des Wärmedurchgangswiderstands eines Schlafsacks für Kinder und Säuglinge. Zudem kann ein solches Modell für die Prüfung nicht entwickelt werden, weil die notwendigen geregelten Schlafversuche mit Kindern oder Säuglingen in Klimakammern aus ethischen Gründen nicht zulässig sind.
Exigences pour les sacs de couchage - Partie 1: Exigences thermiques, de masse et dimensionnelles pour les sacs de couchage conçus pour les températures limites de ‐20 °C et plus (ISO 23537-1:2022)
Le présent document spécifie les exigences, les méthodes d’essai et d’autres dispositions à prendre concernant l’étiquetage des sacs de couchage pour adultes utilisés pour les sports et loisirs, à une température limite ≥ ‐20 °C, en ce qui concerne les caractéristiques thermiques, les dimensions et la masse.
Le présent document décrit la méthode d’évaluation des performances en régime stationnaire d’un sac de couchage en fonction de la protection fournie contre le froid.
NOTE 1 Les sacs de couchage à garnissage non homogène, conçus pour fournir une isolation supplémentaire locale dans certaines parties, posent des problèmes au niveau du mode opératoire d’étalonnage et/ou d’essai. Les travaux en cours se poursuivent afin de fournir des moyens adaptés pour permettre d’établir les températures nominales.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux sacs de couchage à usage spécifique, comme ceux destinés à un usage militaire ou utilisés dans le cadre d’expéditions dans des conditions climatiques extrêmes. Il ne s’applique pas non plus aux sacs de couchage pour enfants ou bébés (appelés gigoteuses).
NOTE 2 Il n’existe pas de modèle de prévision pour la détermination des températures limites reposant sur la résistance thermique des sacs de couchage pour enfants et bébés (gigoteuses). En outre, un tel modèle en taille autre qu’adulte ne peut pas être développé, car les essais de sommeil contrôlé nécessaires ne sont pas possibles pour des raisons éthiques avec des enfants ou des bébés dans des enceintes climatiques.
Zahteve za spalne vreče - 1. del: Toplotne, masne in dimenzionalne zahteve za spalne vreče, izdelane za mejne temperature –20 °C in več (ISO 23537-1:2022)
Ta dokument določa zahteve, preskusne metode in druge določbe za označevanje spalnih vreč za odrasle za uporabo v športnih in prostočasnih dejavnostih za mejno temperaturo ≥ –20 °C glede na termične značilnosti, mere in maso. Ta dokument opisuje metodo za oceno učinkovitosti spalne vreče v stacionarnem stanju za zaščito pred mrazom. OPOMBA 1: Spalne vreče brez homogenega polnila, ki zagotavlja dodatno izolacijo v določenih delih, so težavne za postopek umerjanja in/ali preskušanja. Tekoče delo na tem področju stalno zagotavlja ustrezna sredstva za določitev vrednosti temperature. Dokument se ne navezuje na spalne vreče za posebne namene, na primer za uporabo v vojski in ekstremnih podnebnih razmerah. Standard se ne uporablja za spalne vreče za otroke ali dojenčke. OPOMBA 2: Za otroke in dojenčke ni modela za napovedovanje, ki bi določal mejne temperature na podlagi toplotne odpornosti spalne vreče. Poleg tega takšnega modela za preskušanje ni mogoče razviti, ker zaradi etičnih razlogov nujni nadzorovani spalni eksperimenti z otroki ali dojenčki v klimatskih komorah niso mogoči.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 23537-1:2017
SIST EN ISO 23537-1:2017/A1:2018
Zahteve za spalne vreče - 1. del: Toplotne, masne in dimenzionalne zahteve za
spalne vreče, izdelane za mejne temperature –20 °C in več (ISO 23537-1:2022)
Requirements for sleeping bags - Part 1: Thermal, mass and dimensional requirements
for sleeping bags designed for limit temperatures of ‐20°C and higher (ISO 23537-
1:2022)
Anforderungen an Schlafsäcke - Teil 1: Thermische Anforderungen, Masse und
Abmessungen an Schlafsäcke, die für Grenztemperaturen von -20 °C und höher
ausgelegt sind (ISO 23537-1:2022)
Exigences pour les sacs de couchage - Partie 1: Exigences thermiques, de masse et
dimensionnelles pour les sacs de couchage conçus pour les températures limites de ‐
20 °C et plus (ISO 23537-1:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 23537-1:2022
ICS:
97.200.30 Oprema za taborjenje in Camping equipment and
tabori camp-sites
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 23537-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 97.200.30 Supersedes EN ISO 23537-1:2016, EN ISO 23537-
1:2016/A1:2018
English Version
Requirements for sleeping bags - Part 1: Thermal, mass
and dimensional requirements for sleeping bags designed
for limit temperatures of -20°C and higher (ISO 23537-
1:2022)
Exigences pour les sacs de couchage - Partie 1: Anforderungen an Schlafsäcke - Teil 1: Thermische
Exigences thermiques, de masse et dimensionnelles Anforderungen, Masse und Abmessungen an
pour les sacs de couchage conçus pour les Schlafsäcke, die für Grenztemperaturen von -20 °C und
températures limites de -20 °C et plus (ISO 23537- höher ausgelegt sind (ISO 23537-1:2022)
1:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 May 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 23537-1:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 23537-1:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 83 "Sports
and other recreational facilities and equipment" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC
136 “Sports, playground and other recreational facilities and equipment” the secretariat of which is held
by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2022, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 23537-1:2016, EN ISO 23537-1:2016/A1:2018.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 23537-1:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 23537-1:2022 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23537‐1
Second edition
2022-03
Requirements for sleeping bags —
Part 1:
Thermal, mass and dimensional
requirements for sleeping bags
designed for limit temperatures of
‐20°C and higher
Exigences pour les sacs de couchage —
Partie 1: Exigences thermiques, de masse et dimensionnelles pour les
sacs de couchage conçus pour les températures limites de ‐20 °C et
plus
Reference number
ISO 23537-1:2022(E)
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Requirements . 3
4.1 Thermal properties for lower temperature limits . 3
4.2 Water vapour permeability index . 3
4.3 Inside dimensions . 4
4.3.1 Inside length . 4
4.3.2 Maximum inside width . 4
4.3.3 Inside foot width . 4
4.4 Total mass . 4
5 Test methods . 4
5.1 Testing of the thermal properties . 4
5.1.1 Principle . 4
5.1.2 Thermal manikin . 4
5.1.3 Climatic room . 5
5.1.4 Artificial ground . 5
5.1.5 Test samples and pre-treatment . 5
5.1.6 Thermal resistance for posture 1 R (1) . 5
c
5.1.7 Test procedure. 6
5.1.8 Calculation of temperatures of the range of utility . 6
5.2 Testing of the water vapour permeability index . 6
5.3 Measurement of inside dimension . 7
5.3.1 Inside length . 7
5.3.2 Maximum inside length . 7
5.3.3 Inside foot width . 7
5.4 Testing of the total mass . 7
6 Test report . 7
7 Labelling . 8
7.1 Graph for the range of utility . 8
7.2 Marking . 8
7.3 Information supplied to the consumer . 9
Annex A (normative) Reference values of thermal resistance for calibration of thermal
manikin .11
Annex B (informative) Precision of test results .13
Annex C (normative) Physiological model for calculation of range of utility .14
Annex D (informative) Warning of misuse of temperature rating .19
Annex E (informative) Rationale .20
Annex F (informative) Test method for maximum temperature .22
iii
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 83, Sports and other recreational facilities
and equipment, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 136, Sports, playground and other recreational facilities and equipment, in accordance
with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 23537-1:2016), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 23537-1:2016/Amd.1:2018.
The main changes are as follows:
— update of Clause 3;
— update of the scope to exclude extreme climate conditions;
— revision of requirements for lower temperature limits;
— revision of test methods;
— revision of Clause 7;
— revision of the reference values of thermal resistance for calibration of thermal manikin.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23537 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
Introduction
ISO 23537-2 specifies requirements for material performance.
This document considers important aspects to the thermal performance of the sleeping bag.
In this document, consideration was given to the need to continue to reduce inter laboratory variability
of the thermal testing and a number of test parameters have been tightened as a consequence.
A rationale is given in Annex E.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
Requirements for sleeping bags —
Part 1:
Thermal, mass and dimensional requirements for sleeping
bags designed for limit temperatures of ‐20°C and higher
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements, test methods and other provisions for the labelling of adult
sized sleeping bags for use in sports and leisure time activities at a limit temperature ≥ -20 °C regarding
thermal characteristics, dimensions and mass.
This document describes a method for the assessment of performance in steady-state conditions of a
sleeping bag with regard to the protection against cold.
NOTE 1 Sleeping bags without homogeneous fillings designed to provide local extra insulation in certain
parts pose issues with the calibration and/or test procedure. Ongoing work continues to provide suitable means
of establishing temperature ratings.
This document does not apply to sleeping bags intended for specific purpose such as military use and
extreme climate zone expedition. It does not apply to sleeping bags for children or babies.
NOTE 2 No prediction model exists for the determination of the limiting temperatures based on the thermal
resistance of the sleeping bag for children and babies. Moreover, such a model for testing cannot be developed
because the necessary controlled sleep trials with children or babies in climatic chambers are, out of ethical
reasons, not possible.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 139, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 1096, Plywood — Classification
ISO 3758, Textiles — Care labelling code using symbols
ISO 11092, Textiles — Physiological effects — Measurement of thermal and water‐vapour resistance under
steady‐state conditions (sweating guarded‐hotplate test)
ISO 15831:2004, Clothing — Physiological effects — Measurement of thermal insulation by means of a
thermal manikin
EN 13088:2018, Manufactured articles filled with feather and down — Method for the determination of a
filled product’s total mass and of the mass of the filling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
comfort temperature
T
comf
lower limit of the comfort range, down to which a sleeping bag user with a relaxed posture, such as
lying on their back, is globally in thermal equilibrium and at the threshold of feeling cold
Note 1 to entry: For more information, see C.6.3.
3.2
limit temperature
T
lim
lower limit at which a sleeping bag user with a curled-up body posture is globally in thermal equilibrium
and at the threshold of feeling cold
Note 1 to entry: For more information, see C.6.2.
3.3
extreme temperature
T
ext
very low temperature where the risk of health damage by hypothermia is possible
Note 1 to entry: For more information, see C.6.1.
Note 2 to entry: This is a point of danger that can lead to death.
3.4
maximum temperature
T
max
upper limit of comfort range, up to which a partially uncovered sleeping bag user does not perspire too
much
Note 1 to entry: For more information, see Annex F.
3.5
thermal manikin
dummy with human shape and heated body surface that allows the determination of thermal transfer
through the sleeping bag under steady-state conditions
Note 1 to entry: I.e. constant heat flux and temperature gradient between body surface and ambient air.
3.6
thermal resistance
R
c
property of the sleeping bag that is related to the dry heat loss of the sleeping bag user, affected by the
difference of temperature between the skin and the ambient air, as measured with a thermal manikin
Note 1 to entry: The dry heat loss of the sleeping bag user is a combination of conductive, convective and radiative
heat transfer.
Note 2 to entry: This thermal resistance represents the insulative property of a sleeping bag, which includes
the effects of the shell fabrics and filling materials, air volume in the cavity inside the sleeping bag, boundary
air layer on the outer face of the sleeping bag, mattress underneath the sleeping bag and garments worn by the
sleeping bag user. It is considered to be the total thermal insulation (see ISO 15831).
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
4 Requirements
4.1 Thermal properties for lower temperature limits
Depending on the thermal resistance posture 1 R (1), the values for the extreme temperature (T ),
c ext
limit temperature (T ) and comfort temperature (T ) as given in Table 1 shall be used. If the thermal
lim comf
resistances posture 1 R (1) measured for the sleeping bag is in between the values in Table 1, a linear
c
interpolation shall be performed on the basis of the nearest upper and lower values of the thermal
resistances posture 1 R (1).
c
Test in accordance with 5.1.6.
Table 1 — Lower temperature limits of the range of utility
Thermal resistance Extreme temperature Limit temperature Comfort temperature
posture 1
T T T
R (1)
c ext lim comf
m ∙K/W °C °C °C
0,500 +5,0 +14,2 +17,2
0,540 +2,8 +12,7 +15,9
0,580 +0,6 +11,2 +14,6
0,620 –1,5 +9,7 +13,3
0,660 –3,7 +8,1 +12,0
0,700 –5,8 +6,6 +10,7
0,740 –7,9 +5,1 +9,4
0,780 –10,1 +3,6 +8,1
0,820 –12,2 +2,2 +6,9
0,860 –14,3 +0,7 +5,6
0,900 –16,3 –0,8 +4,3
0,940 –18,4 –2,3 +3,1
0,980 –20,5 –3,7 +1,8
1,020 –22,5 –5,2 +0,6
1,060 –24,5 –6,7 –0,7
1,100 –26,5 –8,1 –1,9
1,140 –28,5 –9,5 –3,1
1,180 –30,5 –11,0 –4,4
1,220 –32,5 –12,4 –5,6
1,260 –34,4 –13,8 –6,8
1,300 –36,4 –15,2 –8,0
1,340 –38,3 –16,7 –9,2
1,380 –40,2 –18,1 –10,4
1,420 –42,2 –19,5 –11,6
4.2 Water vapour permeability index
The material specific water-vapour permeability index (i ) of the sleeping bag shall be ≥0,45.
mt
NOTE The water-vapour permeability index is dimensionless and has values between 0 and 1. A value of
0 implies that the material is water-vapour impermeable, that is, it has infinite water-vapour resistance, and a
material with a value of 1 has both the thermal resistance and water-vapour resistance of an air layer of the same
thickness.
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
Test in accordance with 5.2.
4.3 Inside dimensions
4.3.1 Inside length
The inside length of the sleeping bag shall be given with a tolerance of ±3 cm. Test in accordance with
5.3.1.
4.3.2 Maximum inside width
The maximum inside width of the sleeping bag shall be given with a tolerance of ±2 cm. Test in
accordance with 5.3.2.
4.3.3 Inside foot width
The inside foot width of the sleeping bag shall be given with a tolerance of ±2 cm. Test in accordance
with 5.3.3.
4.4 Total mass
The total mass of the sleeping bag shall be given with a tolerance of ±5 %. Test in accordance with 5.4.
5 Test methods
5.1 Testing of the thermal properties
5.1.1 Principle
The thermal resistance of the sleeping bag is measured with a thermal manikin, meeting the
requirements and test procedure of ISO 15831, that is inserted into the sleeping bag and placed in a
controlled atmosphere.
A physiological model is then applied using this thermal resistance to determine ambient temperatures
corresponding to a range of utility of the sleeping bag.
The manikin test in this document is suitable for mummy-shaped bags, which appropriately fit to the
manikin without being tight. The temperature rating result can be applied to other sized mummy bags
that use the same materials and insulation construction and are proportionally scaled up or down from
the tested bag.
5.1.2 Thermal manikin
5.1.2.1 General
A thermal manikin in accordance with ISO 15831 with a body height of (1,70 ± 0,15) m shall be used.
During the test, the manikin shall be dressed in the following garments:
— two-piece suit (upper part with long sleeves, trousers) with a material specific thermal resistance
2 2
(R ) of 0,040 m ∙K/W to 0,060 m ∙K/W when tested in accordance with ISO 11092.
ct
2 2
— knee-length socks with a material specific thermal resistance (R ) of 0,040 m ∙K/W to 0,060 m ∙K/W
ct
when tested in accordance with ISO 11092.
The thermal manikin's skin temperature shall be in accordance with ISO 15831:2004, Clause 7.
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
5.1.2.2 Calibration of thermal manikin
In order to calibrate a specific thermal manikin and the related operating conditions, the measurement
1)
shall be performed on the reference set of sleeping bags in accordance with Table A.1. For measurement
accuracy, see Annex B.
A linear or exponential correlation shall be found between the thermal resistance figures issued from
the measurement and the reference values for the thermal resistances posture 1 R (1) of the reference
c
set of sleeping bags given in Table A.1.
The deviation of the corrected values of the thermal resistances posture 1 R (1) obtained by applying
c
this linear or exponential correlation from the reference thermal resistance values of the reference set
of sleeping bags shall fulfil the following requirements:
a) mean deviation with the complete set of the reference sleeping bags is <5 % (variation coefficient);
b) no individual deviation is >10 % (variation coefficient);
c) the repeatability of the measurement on each sleeping bag shall be better than 4 % (variation
coefficient).
5.1.3 Climatic room
The test shall be performed in a climatic room with an air speed, a heat flux and a relative humidity in
accordance with ISO 15831:2004, Clause 7.
The ambient temperature shall be (10 ± 5) °C. During the test, the fluctuation of the ambient temperature
shall be in accordance with ISO 15831:2004, 5.2.1.
NOTE Highly insulative sleeping bags might not allow the heat flux to be ≥20 W/m . In these cases, an
ambient temperature of the lowest value within this range is seen as appropriate.
5.1.4 Artificial ground
The test shall be operated with the thermal manikin placed into the sleeping bag in accordance with
5.1.6, lying on a foam mattress with a material specific thermal resistance R = (0,85 ± 0,06) m K/W
ct
when tested in accordance with ISO 11092 and placed on an artificial ground. This ground shall consist
of a wooden board in accordance with ISO 1096, large enough that no part of the manikin or the sleeping
bag protrudes over the board, with a thickness of (20 ± 2) mm.
The artificial ground is held at least 100 mm above the floor by some kind of support, which allows air
circulation underneath the artificial ground.
5.1.5 Test samples and pre‐treatment
Before testing, the sleeping bag shall be dry tumbled in a dryer with a capacity of ≥250 l without any
additional load for 15 min at a temperature of <30 °C. After this dry tumbling and immediately prior to
the test, it shall be conditioned for ≥12 h in the ambient conditions of the test.
5.1.6 Thermal resistance for posture 1 R (1)
c
The thermal resistance posture 1 R (1) is measured with the thermal manikin completely inserted into
c
the sleeping bag and lying on its back. The bag's zippers, if any, are closed. The bag's hood, if present,
1) The reference sets of sleeping bags are available from:
a) SWEREA IVF AB, Box 104, 431 22 Mölndal (Sweden);
b) Hohenstein Laboratories GmbH & Co. KG, Schloss Hohenstein, 74357 Bönnigheim (Germany);
c) AITEX, Plaza Emilio Sala 1, 03801 Alcoy (Alicante) (Spain).
This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by
ISO of the products named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
covers the manikin's head, and the cords of the hood are tightened as much as possible without using
any additional aids (e.g. clothes pins, etc.) that are not supplied with the sleeping bag.
For sleeping bags that have hood draw cords with which the hood aperture can be closed to <120 mm
2)
diameter or <375 mm perimeter, a cold-protective mask, i.e. extreme cold weather, U.S. G.I. , shall be
used on the manikin's face. For sleeping bags with hoods, draw cords with which the hood aperture
cannot be closed to <120 mm diameter or <375 mm perimeter, a cold-protective mask shall not be used
on the manikin's face. For sleeping bags that do not have a hood or do not have hood draw cords, a cold-
protective mask shall not be used.
NOTE Test rectangular bags can encounter excessive heat loss in bare head area when tested, which would
result in overly conservative results.
The thermal resistance posture 1 R (1) is determined using either the serial or the parallel calculation
c
method according to ISO 15831. The same calculation method shall be used for the sleeping bags being
tested as was used for the reference set of sleeping bags.
5.1.7 Test procedure
The test shall be performed in accordance with the requirements in 4.1.
For each specific thermal manikin, the position of the arms and legs in relation to the torso of the
manikin, the wooden board and the artificial ground shall be defined as part of the calibration
procedure and remain the same in all the tests performed in accordance with this document.
Calculate the value of the thermal resistance posture 1 R (1) by applying the same calculation method
c
and correlation gained from the calibration procedure as given in 5.1.2.2.
Three separate tests shall be completed; each commencing from the insertion of the manikin into the
sleeping bag. The arithmetic mean value of the thermal resistance of the sleeping bag shall then be
calculated.
If the tests cannot be completed using three separate sleeping bags, then use of a single bag is
permissible, however, it shall undergo the pre-treatment in accordance with 5.1.5 in between individual
tests, and the test report shall show a single bag was used.
5.1.8 Calculation of temperatures of the range of utility
The sleeping bag's extreme temperature (T ), limit temperature (T ) and comfort temperature
ext lim
(T ) shall be determined on the basis of the thermal resistance posture 1 R (1), in accordance with
comf c
the physiological model described in Annex C.
The temperatures of the sleeping bag's range of utility may also be obtained with acceptable accuracy
using Table 1. If the thermal resistances posture 1 R (1) measured for the sleeping bag are in between
c
the values in Table 1, a linear interpolation shall be performed on the basis of the nearest upper and
lower values of the thermal resistances posture 1 R (1). The temperature limits to be given in the graph
c
for the ranges of utility (see Figure 1) are rounded to the nearest integral number.
5.2 Testing of the water vapour permeability index
Test in accordance with ISO 11092.
All different material combinations of the sleeping bag shall be tested.
2) Mask, extreme cold weather, U.S. G.I. is the trade name of product supplied by Coleman. This information is
given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product
named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
5.3 Measurement of inside dimension
5.3.1 Inside length
The measurement is made by turning the sleeping bag inside out and measuring the length from the
position of the seam where the heel of the foot is placed to the top of the sleeping bag (excluding any
vertical components of the hood), without applying any force to extend the sleeping bag length.
5.3.2 Maximum inside length
The measurement is made by turning the sleeping bag inside out and measuring the circumference at
the widest point without stretching the fabric. If the maximum inside width of the sleeping bag is not in
the chest area, then the position of the widest point of the sleeping bag shall be indicated on the label.
The circumference is halved to provide the width of the sleeping bag. If the sleeping bag has elastic
seams, a force of (10 ± 1) N may be used to extend these seams prior to measurement, for instance by
using a spring balance.
5.3.3 Inside foot width
The measurement is made by turning the sleeping bag inside out and measuring the circumference
at a distance (30 ± 1) cm towards the hood from the position where the heel of the foot is placed. The
circumference is halved to provide the width of the sleeping bag. If the sleeping bag has elastic seams,
a force of (10 ± 1) N may be used to extend these seams prior to measurement, for instance by using a
spring balance.
5.4 Testing of the total mass
For determining the total mass of the sleeping bag (without stuff sack), the sleeping bag shall be
conditioned in accordance with ISO 139 at 20 °C air temperature and 65 % relative air humidity.
The total mass of sleeping bags filled with feather and/or down shall be determined in accordance with
EN 13088:2018, Clauses 7 and 8.
The total mass of sleeping bags filled with materials other than feather and down shall be determined
by weighing it on a scale with an accuracy of ± 0,5.
6 Test report
The test report shall include at least the following:
a) reference and description of the sleeping bag sample;
b) if only one sleeping bag was used for the 3 measurements (see 5.1.7), a note saying that only one
sleeping bag was used;
c) description of operating conditions, and especially:
d) description of the thermal manikin, garments worn and artificial ground;
e) ambient conditions in the climatic room (temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction);
f) results of the test (thermal resistance R (1) of the sleeping bag sample) with the calculation method
c
used and what correction was applied;
g) calculated temperatures of the range of utility of the sleeping bag sample T , T , and T ;
ext lim comf
h) a reference to this document, i.e. ISO 23537-1:2022;
i) details of deviations from this document, if applicable;
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
j) date of test.
7 Labelling
7.1 Graph for the range of utility
The range of utility for the sleeping bag sample shall be given on the label for marking (see 7.2) in the
form of a graph.
The transition range shall be marked. The risk range shall also be marked and, simultaneously, the
hazards existing in such environmental temperatures shall be pointed out. The comfort range may be
marked.
The ranges shown in the graph shall be termed “transition range” and “risk range”. These terms shall
be given below the respective range. At the temperature limits T , T , and T the respective values
comf lim ext
shall be given in °C.
The graph including its given data shall be used in a linear form. An example is shown in Figure 1. The
colouring and the scale of the graph can be designed freely.
Key
1 transition range
2 risk range
Figure 1 — Example for a graph for the range of utility
Below the graph, a warning note shall be included with the following wording:
WARNING — In the risk range, a strong sensation of cold must be expected. There is a risk of
health damage by hypothermia.
For a warning of misuse of temperature rating, see Annex D.
7.2 Marking
At least the following information shall be permanently attached to the sleeping bag (e.g. by printing on
the sleeping bag or by sewn-in labels):
a) reference to this document, i.e. ISO 23537-1:2022;
b) composition of the filling, shell fabric and lining;
c) ranges of utility (graph, see Figure 1 as example);
d) care labelling, in accordance with ISO 3758;
e) name of the brand;
f) name or reference number of the product.
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
7.3 Information supplied to the consumer
At least the following information shall be supplied to the consumer together with the sleeping bag at
the point of sale:
a) inside length, maximum inside width and foot width in centimetres in a graphical symbol (for an
example, see Figure 2);
Dimensions in centimetres
a) rectangular sleeping bag
b) mummy shaped sleeping bag
Key
l inside length
w maximum inside width
w inside foot width
Figure 2 — Graphical symbols
b) total mass of the sleeping bag:
1) for sleeping bags of <1 000 g, rounded to the nearest 10 g;
2) for sleeping bags of ≥1 000 g, rounded to the nearest 50 g;
c) name and address of the brand;
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
d) a reference to this document, i.e. ISO 23537-1:2022.
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
Annex A
(normative)
Reference values of thermal resistance for calibration of thermal
manikin
A.1 General
The reference values of the thermal resistance posture 1 R (1) for the calibration of sleeping bags as
c
3)
shown in Table A.1 were calculated using “Charlie 3” and the garments, artificial ground and operating
conditions described below.
A.2 Thermal manikin
The thermal manikin “Charlie 3” has a human shape with trunk, head with hair, mobile arms and legs,
hands and feet. Its dimensions correspond to German standard garment size 50/52. Its mass is 44 kg.
When laid within a sleeping bag, the manikin has his left arm folded over the chest, and his right arm
lying alongside the torso.
The body of the manikin is divided into 16 segments with independent surface temperature sensors and
electric heating wires. The heating is monitored to maintain surface temperature of the corresponding
segment at a constant value of (31 ± 0,1) °C; the surface of the manikin is made from a material of high
thermal conductivity so as to guarantee uniformity of surface temperature. The power provided for
heating is measured with an accuracy of ±2 %.
A.3 Garments and artificial ground
The garments and artificial ground used in the test with “Charlie 3” are those specified in 5.1.2.1 and
5.1.4.
A.4 Operating conditions
Air temperature within the climatic room is (10 ± 5) °C, and air speed is (0,3 ± 0,1) m/s. The air flow
direction is vertical.
Measurement is made when thermal steady-state conditions are obtained. The heat loss of each of the
16 segments of the manikin “Charlie 3” is then recorded. Thermal resistance posture 1 R (1) of the
c
sleeping bag is calculated according to the serial calculation method, as described in ISO 15831.
A.5 Reference thermal resistances of the reference set of sleeping bags
The reference values of the thermal resistances of the reference set of sleeping bags are listed in
Table A.1.
3) “Charlie 3” is the name of the thermal manikin of Hohenstein Laboratories GmbH & Co. KG. This information
is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product
named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
Table A.1 — Reference values of thermal resistance
Sleeping bag sample Thermal resistance posture 1
R (1)
c
m ∙K/W
A 0,779
B 0,867
C 0,938
D 1,290
E 0,623
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
Annex B
(informative)
Precision of test results
B.1 Repeatability
In an interlaboratory test involving six different thermal manikins and six different sleeping bags, for
the thermal resistances posture 1 R (1), the precision with three repeated measurements on the same
c
sleeping bag specimen, has been found to be 3,6 % (variation coefficient).
B.2 Reproducibility
An interlaboratory test involving six different thermal manikins and six different sleeping bags has
shown a reproducibility of the thermal resistances posture 1 R (1) of 5 % (variation coefficient).
c
ISO 23537‐1:2022(E)
Annex C
(normative)
Physiological model for calculation of range of utility
C.1 Thermal balance and calculation of temperatures of the range of utility
Temperatures of the range of utility are the ambient air temperatures that equilibrate thermal balance
of the sleeping bag user. They are given in Formula (C.1):
M = H + H + H + ΔS (C.1)
c e res
where
M is the metabolic heat production of the sleeping bag user (see C.2);
H is the dry thermal loss through the sleeping bag and from uncovered areas of the body (detailed
c
in C.3);
H is the thermal loss due to evaporation of sweat on the skin surface (see C.4);
e
H is the respiratory thermal loss (detailed in C.5);
res
ΔS is the change of body heat content of the sleeping bag user (see C.6).
The calculation is performed through an iterative process on ambient temperature and mean skin
temperature, until thermal equilibrium expressed by Formula (C.1) is fulfilled.
The temperatures of the range of utility obtained depend on the consideration of physiological stress
for the sleeping bag user (metabolic heat production, thermal debt, skin temp
...
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