EN 12336:2005

Tunnelling machines - Shield machines, thrust boring machines, auger boring machines, lining erection equipment - Safety requirements

1.1   Description of the machines
This document is applicable to all types of shield machines and associated back up equipment, thrust boring machines, auger boring machines and lining erection equipment. It specifies the essential safety requirements for the design, installation, maintenance, and information for use of such machines.
Shield machines and associated back up equipment include:
-   open shields for both manual and mechanical excavation;
-   shielded tunnel boring machines;
-   micro tunnelling machines;
-   towed or stationary back up equipment;
-   pipe jacking equipment.
All shield machines provide lateral and radial ground support. In addition they may provide various types of face support and ground water control (see Clause 3).
Certain associated matters are not included in the scope of the standard:
-   additional equipment which may form an integral part of a shield machine or back up equipment and is used for compressed air (hyperbaric/plenum) working (see EN 12110:2002);
-   use under hyperbaric conditions;
-   the supply of electricity up to the machine;
-   ancillary tools and equipment used for, at or on the machine;
-   electromagnetic compatibility;
-   loading and transport equipment which is not an integral part of the machine, e.g. rolling stock, man riders, grout cars, segment cars, muck cars.
NOTE   Within the European Union Directive 94/9/EC concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres can be applicable to the type of machine or equipment covered by this document. The present document is not intended to provide means of complying with the essential health and safety requirements of Directive 94/9/EC.
1.2   Hazards
This document deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to shield machines and associated back up equipment, thrust boring machines and auger boring machines when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Cl

Tunnelbaumaschinen - Schildmaschinen, Pressbohrmaschinen, Schneckenbohrmaschinen, Geräte für die Errichtung der Tunnelauskleidung - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen

Dieses Dokument gilt für alle Typen von Schildmaschinen und ihren zugehörigen Nachläufern, Pressbohrmaschinen, Schneckenbohrmaschinen und Ausbausetzvorrichtungen. Sie spezifiziert die wesentlichen Sicherheitsanforderungen für die Konstruktion, Montage, Wartung und Bedienungsanweisungen solcher Maschinen.
Schildmaschinen und ihre zugehörigen Nachläufer beinhalten:
-   offene Schilde sowohl für manuellen als auch mechanischen Bodenabbau;
-   Tunnelbohrmaschinen mit Schild;
-   Mikrotunnelbohrmaschinen;
-   gezogene oder stationäre Nachläufer;
-   Rohrvortriebs-Einrichtungen.
Alle Schildmaschinen bieten seitliche und radiale Bodenabstützung. Zusätzlich können sie verschiedene Arten der Ortsbruststützung und Grundwasserbeherrschung beinhalten (siehe Abschnitt 3).
Bestimmte zugehörige Punkte gehören nicht zum Anwendungsbereich dieser Norm:
-   zusätzliche Ausrüstung, die einen integralen Bestandteil einer Schildmaschine und des Nachläufers bilden kann und die für Arbeiten unter Druckluft (Druckluftkammern) benötigt wird (siehe EN 12110:2002);
-   Anwendung unter Überdruck-Bedingungen;
-   die Stromzufuhr bis zur Maschine;
-   Hilfswerkzeuge und -ausrüstung, die für die Maschine, an oder in ihr benötigt werden;
-   elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit;
-   Lade- und Transportausrüstung, die nicht integraler Bestandteil der Maschine ist, z. B. Zugsystem, Wagen für den Personaltransport, Mörtelwagen, Wagen für den Tübbing- und Bohrguttransport.
ANMERKUNG   Innerhalb der Europäischen Union kann die Richtlinie 94/9/EG bezüglich Ausrüstungen und Schutzsysteme, die für den Gebrauch in explosiver Umgebung vorgesehen sind, auf den Maschinentyp oder die Ausrüstungen dieses Dokuments angewendet werden. Dieses Dokument ist nicht vorgesehen, Anforderungen zur Übereinstimmung mit den wesentlichen Gesundheits- und Sicherheitsanforderungen der Richtlinie 94/9/EG zu liefern.

Tunneliers - Machines à boucliers, machines de fonçage, machines de forage à tarière, systèmes d'érection des voussoirs - Prescriptions de sécurité

1.1   Descriptions des machines
Le présent document s'applique à tous les types de machines à bouclier et aux trains suiveurs associés, aux machines de fonçage horizontal, aux machines de forage à tarière et au système d'érection de voussoirs. Il précise les prescriptions essentielles de sécurité pour la conception, l'installation, la maintenance et les informations pour l'utilisation de telles machines.
Les machines à bouclier et le train suiveur associé comprennent :
-   les boucliers ouverts pour l'excavation manuelle et mécanique ;
-   les tunneliers pleine section ;
-   les micro tunneliers ;
-   le train suiveur fixe ou remorqué ;
-   l'équipement de fonçage.
Toutes les machines à bouclier fournissent un soutien latéral et radial. En plus, elles peuvent fournir divers types de soutènement frontal et de contrôle de la pression hydrostatique (voir Article 3).
Certains équipements ou phénomènes associés n'entrent pas dans le domaine d'application de la norme :
¾   les équipements supplémentaires pouvant former une partie intégrante de la machine à bouclier ou du train suiveur et utilisés pour le travail sous air comprimé (hyperbarie/soufflerie) (voir EN 12110:2002) ;
-   l'utilisation en conditions d'hyperbarie ;
-   l'alimentation électrique jusqu'à la machine ;
-   les accessoires et outils utilisés pour, avec ou sur la machine ;
-   la compatibilité électromagnétique ;
-   les équipements de chargement et de transport non intégrés à la machine, par exemple parc à wagons, conducteur porté, chariots de ciment, convoyeurs de voussoirs, convoyeurs de déblais.
NOTE   La Directive de l'Union Européenne 94/9/CE concernant les équipements et systèmes de protection pour une utilisation en atmosphère potentiellement explosive peut être applicable au type de machines ou équipements couverts par le présent document. Le présent document n'est pas destiné à fournir des moyens de satisfaire aux exigences essentielles de santé et de sécurité de la Directive 94/9/CE.

Stroji za gradnjo predorov – Zaščitni stroji, potisni vrtalni stroji in vrtalni stroji s svedri ter oprema za polaganje oblog – Varnostne zahteve

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 03-May-2005
• Withdrawal Date: 14-Oct-2008
• ICS: 91.220 - Construction equipment
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 151 - Construction equipment and building material machines - Safety
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 151/WG 4 - Tunnelling machines - Safety
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Start Date: 15-Oct-2008
• Completion Date: 15-Oct-2008
• Directive: 98/37/EC - Machinery
• Mandate: M/BC/CEN/91/1 - Standardization request to CEN/CENELEC concerning machines presenting hazards due to mobility or load lifting
• Ref Project: SIST EN 12336:2005 - Tunnelling machines - Shield machines, thrust boring machines, auger boring machines, lining erection equipment - Safety requirements

Relations

• Merged Into: EN 12336:2005+A1:2008 - Tunnelling machines - Shield machines, thrust boring machines, auger boring machines, lining erection equipment - Safety requirements
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2005
6WURML]DJUDGQMRSUHGRURY±=DãþLWQLVWURMLSRWLVQLYUWDOQLVWURMLLQYUWDOQLVWURMLV
VYHGULWHURSUHPD]DSRODJDQMHREORJ±9DUQRVWQH]DKWHYH
Tunnelling machines - Shield machines, thrust boring machines, auger boring machines,
lining erection equipment - Safety requirements
Tunnelbaumaschinen - Schildmaschinen, Pressbohrmaschinen,
Schneckenbohrmaschinen, Geräte für die Errichtung der Tunnelauskleidung -
Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen
Tunneliers - Machines a boucliers, machines de fonçage, machines de forage a tariere,
systemes d'érection des voussoirs - Prescriptions de sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12336:2005
ICS:
91.220 Gradbena oprema Construction equipment
93.060 Gradnja predorov Tunnel construction
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12336
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2005
ICS 91.220
English version
Tunnelling machines - Shield machines, thrust boring machines,
auger boring machines, lining erection equipment - Safety
requirements
Tunneliers - Boucliers, machines de fonçage, matériel de Tunnelbaumaschinen - Schildmaschinen,
mise en place de revêtement - Prescriptions de sécurité Pressbohrmaschinen, Schneckenbohrmaschinen, Geräte
für die Errichtung der Tunnelauskleidung -
Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 February 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12336:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
Page
Foreword .4
Introduction.5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms, definitions symbols and abbreviated terms.8
4 List of significant hazards.10
4.1 Mechanical hazards .11
4.2 Electrical hazards.11
4.3 Thermal hazards.11
4.4 Hazards generated by noise.11
4.5 Hazards generated by radiation.11

4.6 Hazards generated by materials and substances .11
4.7 Hazards generated by neglect of ergonomic principles .11
4.8 Hazards caused by failure of energy supply.11
4.9 Hazards caused by missing and/or incorrectly positioned safety related measures.11
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures .12
5.1 General .12
5.2 Specific requirements.12
5.2.1 Hazards due to sharp and rough parts.12
5.2.2 Hazards due to hot surfaces .12
5.2.3 Hoses, installation and shielding.12
5.2.4 Cutter head on TBMs .12
5.2.5 Handling of heavy loads.13
5.2.6 Rotation and displacement (axial movement) .13
5.2.7 High compressive loads.14
5.2.8 Access to and egress from operating positions and servicing points.14
5.2.9 Protection against falling objects, face collapse and flood.16
5.3 Control stations.16
5.3.1 General .16
5.3.2 Ergonomics .16
5.3.3 Visibility .16
5.4 Guards and protective devices .17
5.4.1 General .17
5.4.2 Specification of guards .17
5.4.3 Access to cutter head.17
5.4.4 Conveyor .17
5.5 Control devices and systems and safety circuits .17

5.5.1 Control devices .17
5.5.2 Control systems.18
5.5.3 Safety circuits .18
5.5.4 Starting and stopping and warning systems.18
5.5.5 Emergency stops .19
5.5.6 Failure of the power supply.19
5.6 Towing connection .19
5.7 Laser guidance.20
5.8 Ventilation and the control of dust and gas.20
5.8.1 General .20
5.8.2 Exhaust gases of internal combustion engines .20
5.8.3 Atmospheric changes and ingress of gases .20
5.9 Noise reduction.21
5.9.1 General .21
5.9.2 Noise reduction at source at the design stage .21
5.9.3 Noise emission determination .21
5.10 Electrical equipment.22
5.10.1 General .22
5.10.2 Protective measures.22
5.10.3 Cables and leads.22
5.10.4 Transformers.22
5.10.5 Earthing and bonding .22
5.10.6 Switch gear.23
5.10.7 Lighting.23
5.10.8 Emergency lighting.23
5.11 Isolation of high voltage power supply .23
5.12 Energy supply other than electricity .23
5.13 Fire prevention and protection .23
5.13.1 General .23
5.13.2 Fire extinguishing systems.24
5.13.3 Installation of fire extinguishing systems.24
5.14 Storage of rescue equipment.24
5.15 Forward probing equipment.24
5.16 Warning signs, warning devices, symbols .25
5.16.1 Warning signs .25
5.16.2 Warning devices .25
5.16.3 Symbols.25
5.17 Maintenance .25
5.17.1 General .25
5.17.2 Work on cutter heads .25
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures.25
7 Information for use .26
7.1 General .26
7.2 Content of handbook.26
7.2.1 General instructions .26
7.2.2 Operating instructions.27
7.2.3 Maintenance .27
7.2.4 Spare parts .28
7.3 Marking .28
Annex A (informative)  Examples of tunnelling machines .29

Annex B (normative) Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures .37
Annex ZA (informative)  Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC.40
Bibliography.41

Foreword
This European Standard (EN 12336:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 151 “Construction
equipment and building material machines - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by November 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by November 2005.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
This European Standard includes a Bibliography.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Introduction
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-1:2003.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that
have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
In this European Standard it is assumed that:
 only competent persons operate the machine;
 components without specific requirements are:
a) designed in accordance with the usual engineering practice and calculation codes, including all failure
modes;
b) of sound mechanical and electrical construction according to the state of the art;
c) made of materials with adequate strength and of suitable quality;
d) made of no harmful materials, such as asbestos;
 components are kept in good repair and working order, so that the required characteristics remain despite
wear;
 the installation allows a safe use of the machine;
 negotiation occurs between the manufacturer and the user/purchaser concerning particular conditions of use
and the places (e. g. ground and local safety conditions) of use of the machinery.
NOTE “Manufacturer” is understood within the European Union as intended in the Machinery Directive.
1 Scope
1.1 Description of the machines
This European Standard is applicable to all types of shield machines and associated back up equipment, thrust
boring machines, auger boring machines and lining erection equipment. It specifies the essential safety
requirements for the design, installation, maintenance, and information for use of such machines.
Shield machines and associated back up equipment include:
 open shields for both manual and mechanical excavation;
 shielded tunnel boring machines;
 micro tunnelling machines;
 towed or stationary back up equipment;
 pipe jacking equipment.
All shield machines provide lateral and radial ground support. In addition they may provide various types of face
support and ground water control (see Clause 3).
Certain associated matters are not included in the scope of the standard:
 additional equipment which may form an integral part of a shield machine or back up equipment and is used
for compressed air (hyperbaric/plenum) working (see EN 12110:2002);
 use under hyperbaric conditions;
 the supply of electricity up to the machine;
 ancillary tools and equipment used for, at or on the machine;
 electromagnetic compatibility;
 loading and transport equipment which is not an integral part of the machine, e.g. rolling stock, man riders,
grout cars, segment cars, muck cars.
NOTE Within the European Union Directive 94/9/EC concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in
potentially explosive atmospheres can be applicable to the type of machine or equipment covered by this European Standard.
The present document is not intended to provide means of complying with the essential health and safety requirements of
Directive 94/9/EC.
1.2 Hazards
This European Standard deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to shield
machines and associated back up equipment, thrust boring machines and auger boring machines when they are
used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
1.3 Validity
This European Standard is not applicable to machines which are manufactured before the date of publication of
this European Standard by CEN.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 3-7:2004, Portable fire extinguishers - Part 7: Characteristics, performance requirements and test methods
EN 294:1992, Safety of machinery — Safety distance to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs
EN 418:1992, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects — Principles for design
EN 563:1994, Safety of machinery — Temperatures of touchable surfaces — Ergonomics data to establish
temperature limit values for hot surfaces
EN 620:2002, Continuous handling equipment and systems — Safety and EMC requirements for fixed belt
conveyors for bulk materials
EN 894-3:2000, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators — Part 3: Control actuators
EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for
design
EN 981:1996, Safety of machinery — System of auditory and visual danger and information signals
EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components —
Hydraulics
EN 983:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components —
Pneumatics
EN 1088:1995, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design and
selection
EN 1837:1999, Safety of machinery — Integral lighting of machines
EN 12094-1:2003, Fixed firefighting systems — Components for gas extinguishing systems — Part 1:
Requirements and test methods for electrical automatic control and delay devices
EN 13627:2000, Earth-moving machinery — Falling-object protective structures — Laboratory tests and
performance requirements (ISO 3449:1992 modified)
EN 60204-1:1997, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1:1997)
EN 60204-11:2000, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 11: Requirements for HV
equipment for voltages above 1000 V a.c. or 1500 V d.c. and not exceeding 36 kV (IEC 60204-11:2000)
EN 60439-1:1999, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies — Part 1: Type-tested and partially type-
tested assemblies (IEC 60439-1:1999)
EN 60439-2:2000, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies — Part 2: Particular requirements for bus-
bar trunking systems (busways) (IEC 60439-2:2000)
EN 60439-3:1991, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies — Part 3: Particular requirements for low-
voltage switchgear and controlgear intended to be installed in places where unskilled persons have access for their
use — Distribution boards (IEC 60439-3:1991, modified)
EN 60439-4:2004, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies — Part 4: Particular requirements for as-
semblies for construction sites (ACS) (IEC 60439-4:2004)
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529:1989)
EN 60825-1:1994, Safety of laser products — Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user's guide
(IEC 60825-1:1993)
EN 60947-1:2004, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 1: General rules (IEC 60947-1:2004)
EN ISO 2860:1999, Earth-moving machinery — Minimum access dimensions (ISO 2860:1992)
EN ISO 3411:1999, Earth-moving machinery — Human physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator
space envelope (ISO 3411:1995)
EN ISO 3457:2003, Earth moving machinery — Guards — Definitions and requirements (ISO 3457:2003)
EN ISO 11202:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission sound
pressure levels at a workstation and at other specified positions — Survey method in situ (ISO 11202:1995)
EN ISO 11688-1:1998, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)
EN ISO 11688-2:2000, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 2: Introduction to the physics of low-noise design (ISO/TR 11688-2:1998)
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical
principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)
ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Determination of burning
behaviour of interior materials
ISO 3864-1:2002, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety
signs in workplaces and public areas
ISO 7745:1989, Hydraulic fluid power — Fire-resistant (FR) fluids — Guidelines for use
3 Terms, definitions symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the
following apply.
3.1
shield machine
steerable protective structure within which tunnel excavation takes place by manual, mechanical or hydraulic
means. Erection of tunnel support may take place within the shield machine. Examples of shield machines are
given in Annex A (informative)
3.1.1
shield
shield machine in which an open or partial face is excavated by manual or independent mechanical means
3.1.2
shielded tunnel boring machine (TBM)
shield machine for full face excavation, having one or more rotating cutting heads in which the cutter head(s) may
be separated from the rest of the shield by a bulkhead. Passage of material through the bulkhead may be
controlled
3.1.3
micro tunnelling machine
shield machine designed for non man entry (except for maintenance purposes when out of service) which is
remotely controlled by an operator from outside the tunnel
3.2
associated back up equipment
3.2.1
towed back up equipment
steel construction normally towed behind or attached and moving with the machine which accommodates
equipment, to provide the machine with services for its operation and its crew with facilities for their work and
comfort
3.2.2
stationary back up equipment
equipment for operation or control of pipe jacking and micro tunnelling equipment, thrust boring and auger boring
machines which is installed at the bottom of an access shaft or on the surface adjacent thereto
3.2.3
pipe jacking equipment
3.2.3.1
pipe jacking rig
hydraulic jacking equipment at main jacking station, used to drive a pipe string through the ground to form a tunnel
lining
3.2.3.2
intermediate jacking station
structure having the same external dimensions as the pipe and containing a number of hydraulic jacks used to
drive a section of pipe string through the ground. Intermediate jacking stations subdivide a long pipe string into
sections
3.3
thrust boring machine
machine for constructing pipelines by displacement
3.4
auger boring machine
non-steerable machine for constructing pipelines using continuous flight augers for excavation and spoil removal
3.5
lining erection equipment (Erector)
handling and erecting equipment which is situated within or immediately behind a shield machine which is used to
install tunnel linings
3.6
control station
any location on a shield machine or back up equipment from where one or more functions of the shield machine,
back up equipment or their separate working units are controlled by an operator
3.7
main control station
control station from where the boring operation and the advance of the shield machine is controlled
3.8
walkway
part of the access system that permits walking or crawling between locations on a shield machine or back up
equipment
3.9
walkway surface
footpath within the walkway
3.10
servicing point
any location on a shield machine or back up equipment where maintenance or servicing is normally carried out
3.11
working area
area on or in a machine, where an operator assists in the function of the machine
4 List of significant hazards
This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with in
this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require
action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
Hazards See clause
4.1 Mechanical hazards
a) Crushing hazard 5.2.4, 5.2.7, 5.2.8, 5.5.4.3, 5.17.2
b) Friction or abrasive hazard 5.2.1
c) High pressure fluid injection hazard 5.2.3, 5.3.1
d) Loss of stability and structural collapse 5.2.6, 5.2.7
e) Slip, trip and fall hazards 5.2.8

4.2 Electrical hazards
a) Electrical contact, direct or indirect 5.10, 5.11
b) External influences on electrical equipment 5.10.3, 5.10.4, 5.10.6, 5.10.7
4.3 Thermal hazards 5.2.2
4.4 Hazards generated by noise
a) Hearing damage (deafness) 5.3.1, 5.9
b) Accidents due to interference with speech communication and acoustical 5.5.4.3
signals
4.5 Hazards generated by radiation
a) Laser 5.7
b) Radon 5.8.3.2
4.6 Hazards generated by materials and substances
a) Materials processed, used or exhausted by machinery 5.8.2
b) Dust and gas 5.3.1, 5.8, 5.10.3, 5.13.1
c) Fire or explosion 5.8.3, 5.13
d) Falling objects, face collapse and flood 5.2.9

4.7 Hazards generated by neglect of ergonomic principles
a) Unhealthy posture or excessive efforts 5.2.5, 5.3.2
b) Inadequate local lighting 5.10.8
4.8 Hazards caused by failure of energy supply
a) Failure of energy system 5.5.6, 5.12
b) Failure of control system 5.5.2

4.9 Hazards caused by missing and/or incorrectly positioned
safety related measures
a) All kinds of guards 5.2.8, 5.4
b) All kinds of safety related devices 5.4, 5.5, 5.6
c) Starting and stopping devices 5.2.6, 5.5.2, 5.5.4
d) Safety signs and tags 5.4.1, 5.7, 5.16
e) All kinds of information or warning devices 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.8.3.2, 5.8.3.4,
5.10.2, 5.16
f) Energy supply disconnecting devices 5.10.2
g) Emergency stopping devices 5.5.5
h) Safe handling of machinery and parts, loading and unloading operations 5.2.5
i) Essential equipment and accessories for safe adjustment and/or 5.17
maintenance
j) Equipment evacuating gases 5.8

5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause.
In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and EN ISO 12100-
2:2003 for hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt with by this European Standard (e.g. sharp
edges).
For the application of EN 294:1992, EN 982:1996, EN 983:1996, EN 60204-1:1997 EN 60204-11:2000 the
manufacturer shall carry out an adequate risk assessment for the requirements thereof where choice is necessary.
NOTE This specific risk assessment is part of the general risk assessment relating to the hazards not covered by this type
C standard.
5.2 Specific requirements
5.2.1 Hazards due to sharp and rough parts
Machined or cut parts which are exposed or likely to be exposed shall be finished to remove burrs, rags and sharp
edges by radiusing or chamfering.
5.2.2 Hazards due to hot surfaces
Where there is a risk of contact with hot surfaces in accessible areas suitable measures shall be taken:
 to limit the temperature of hot surfaces to the value given in EN 563:1994 based on 1 s contact time;
 and where this is not possible prevent contact with those surfaces/parts (e.g. screens, fixed distance guards)
and
 provide warning signs against residual risks, see Clause 7.
5.2.3 Hoses, installation and shielding
Hoses shall be installed according to their manufacturers’ instructions and out of reach of any moving load.
Adequate shielding in accordance with Clause 9 of EN ISO 3457:2003 shall be provided to protect persons in
working areas.
5.2.4 Cutter head on TBMs
Where it is intended to gain access through a bulkhead to the area behind a cutter head and similarly through a
cutter head to the area in front then access openings in accordance with 5.2.8.3 shall be provided.
The design shall allow for safety in the space between the bulkhead and the cutter head. In unstable ground this
shall be ensured e.g. by slot gate closures and/or compressed air for ground water control.
NOTE Where size allows, roller cutters should be of a back loading type. Other cutting tools should be arranged to avoid
the need to carry out maintenance work in front of the cutter head.
The cutter head shall be equipped with a system to prevent unintentional rotation in accordance with 5.4.3, 5.5.2
and 5.17.2.
5.2.5 Handling of heavy loads
5.2.5.1 Handling of consumables items
Equipment shall be provided for handling consumable items which require regular replacement such as cutters.
Where the weight, size or shape of consumables items prevents them from being moved by hand the consumable
items shall be either:
 fitted with attachments for lifting gear or;
 so designed that they can be fitted with such attachments or;
 shaped in such a way that standard lifting gear can easily be attached.
NOTE See EN 1005-2:2003 as a guidance.
5.2.5.2 Handling of elements for ground support
When the ground support system requires the handling of elements weighing more than 50 kg a handling and
erecting device shall be fitted. Erecting devices shall be either stationary with winch wires and levers moving the
elements or rotary where the element can be lifted directly to any position around the circle of the tunnel.
The segment handling system shall be designed to avoid necessity of presence of persons in the handling area.
Where presence is necessary means shall be provided to enable the operator to limit and to separate movements.
Where smooth faced segments are handled using vacuum attachment pads the segment pick-up devices shall be
designed to maintain the vacuum for at least 20 min within the working pressure range and be fitted with a pressure
gauge. When the pressure moves outside the operating range then an audible and visual alarm shall be activated.
Vacuum operated pick-up devices shall be designed so that the factor of safety against pull-off and sliding force
shall be at least 1,5, taking into account the maximum loads. When this safety factor cannot be achieved, then a
mechanical device e.g. a shear pin shall be provided to carry the full shear load. In this case it shall not be possible
to rotate the erector after picking up a segment unless the mechanical device is in position.
All hydraulic and pneumatic rams and motors and vacuum pick-up devices which sustain load shall be designed to
hold the load in the event of a circuit or power failure, by means of directly mounted pilot operated check valves or
power off brakes or reserve vacuum for at least 20 min following the failure (see EN 982:1996 and EN 983:1996 for
requirements).
In all cases winches and drive motors shall be fitted with mechanical brakes which are powered off during
operation.
5.2.6 Rotation and displacement (axial movement)
5.2.6.1 Rotation
NOTE All shield machines can be subject to slow rotation due to imbalance of loads and forces.
Care shall be taken in the design and manufacture of the shield machine and back up equipment to avoid eccentric
loadings and all machines shall be fitted with a roll indicator and an effective counter rotation system, such as an
angled plough, for returning the machine and back up equipment to the correct orientation.
Sudden rotation of a shield machine may occur when a cutter head or boom becomes embedded in the face. All
such machines shall therefore be fitted with a protective device which cuts off power to the drive motor in the event
of the shield machine having rotated more than a pre-set angle as defined by the manufacturer.
5.2.6.2 Gripping and re-gripping
When grippers are fitted to a shielded TBM and are in use, it shall be possible for the operator to vary the minimum
gripping pressure according to the geological conditions encountered. It shall not be possible to start the cutter
head drive or apply the thrust force until the minimum gripping pressure has been reached.
Should the gripping pressure fall below this pre-set minimum gripping pressure value the cutter head rotation shall
be stopped and the thrust force shut off automatically.
5.2.7 High compressive loads
5.2.7.1 Pipe jacking rigs
All load transfers between thrust jacks and pipes in pipe jack, thrust bore and auger bore rigs shall be via purpose
designed spacers and thrust rings. Thrust jacks shall be supported normal to a thrust ring such that no bending
shall occur during jacking operations.
5.2.7.2 Structural collapse of the shield
All shield machines act as temporary ground support during the tunnelling operations. They shall therefore be
designed to withstand the loads imposed by the surrounding ground and ground water level through which the
machine is intended to be used together with any loads imposed by the action of driving the machine forwards.
5.2.8 Access to and egress from operating positions and servicing points
5.2.8.1 General
NOTE Tunnelling can involve working in very confined spaces. During tunnelling operations access to a machine can only
be gained through the tunnel being driven.
The areas of the machine and back up equipment where transfer of material to and from the tunnel transport
system takes place shall be designed and constructed to maintain walkways, see 5.2.8.2.
For micro tunnelling machines, where the dimensions of 5.2.8.2 are not satisfied, entry in the machine shall be
prevented by fixed guards.
5.2.8.2 Walkways
Walkways within the machine and between the machine and the tunnel wall shall have a minimum cross sectional
area of at least 0,5 m within which there shall be a rectangular clear body opening with a vertical dimension of at
least 700 mm and a horizontal dimension of at least 450 mm. Examples of how these dimensions can be fitted in
are shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
Walkway surfaces shall be at least 300 mm wide. Handrails and toeboards shall be provided wherever walkway
surfaces are less than 300 mm wide. Walkways shall not be obstructed by access openings or by designated
storage areas for materials or equipment.
Whenever possible changes in level and alignment of the walkway shall be avoided. Where ramps steps or
stairways are necessary, handrails or handholds to at least one side shall be fitted.
NOTE Clauses 6 and 7 of EN ISO 2867:1998 and EN ISO 2860:1999 may be referred to for guidance but the above
requirements should prevail.
Guards shall be provided where there is a risk of squeezing or contact with moving parts.

Key
1 Laser
2 Services
Figure 1 — Example of the application of the requirement of 5.2.8.2

Key Key
1 Conveyor 1 Conveyor
Figure 2 — Example of the application of the Figure 3 — Example of the application of the
requirement of 5.2.8.2 requirement of 5.2.8.2

Information to all figures:
1) areas within broken lines ≥ 0,5 m²;
2) areas hatched are 700 mm x 450 mm.
5.2.8.3 Access openings
Access openings shall comply with EN ISO 2860:1999, except body access openings to bulkheads and cutter
heads. These body access openings shall have a clear body opening with a minimum cross sectional dimension of
400 mm within a minimum area of 0,2 m . Wherever feasible these dimensions shall be increased.
5.2.9 Protection against falling objects, face collapse and flood
5.2.9.1 Falling objects
On large shield machines, where there is the risk that objects may fall on permanent working places such as the
control cabin, a falling object protective structure according to level I of EN 13627:2000 shall be provided at such
locations.
5.2.9.2 Face collapse
NOTE 1 There is always a danger of face collapse in tunnels in unstable ground.
The shields shall be provided with face support systems designed to be appropriate to the ground conditions for
which the machines are intended.
NOTE 2 The face may be stabilised by the use of face rams, hydraulically operated poling plates and face plates or face
boards, breast plates or platforms or by the application of compressed air and sealing with bentonite or shotcrete.
5.2.9.3 Flood
NOTE There is a serious risk of physical injury or drowning to persons working on a shield machine should the tunnel or
shaft be flooded.
All shield machines shall be designed to accommodate pumping equipment adequate for the conditions envisaged.
5.3 Control stations
5.3.1 General
Control stations shall be designed, positioned and protected to ensure operators are not exposed to mechanical
hazards, harmful dust, gases, vapours, excessive noise emissions or high pressure fluids.
5.3.2 Ergonomics
Arm rests or other means shall be provided to ensure safe operation of sensitive controls (e.g. hold-to-run controls).
The operator's place shall meet the requirements of EN ISO 3411:1999, except for those machines where the size
of the machine does not provide adequate space. The operator's seat, when fitted, shall in all cases keep the
operator in a stable and comfortable position, for dimensions see ISO 11112:1995.
5.3.3 Visibility
Visibility from a control station shall be such that the operator has a clear view of the working area for which he has
control.
Where necessary visual aids, for example closed circuit television shall be used.
Illuminated indicators or equivalent devices shall be installed to indicate the following:
 that the part of the machine that he controls is ready for operation;
 that all auxiliary equipment required for the operation is ready or has been sta
...