CEN/TR 15316-6-1:2017

Energy performance of buildings- Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 6-1: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-1, Module M3-1, M3-4, M3-9, M8-1, M8-4

This Technical Report (CEN/TR 15316-6-1) specifies details for EN 15316-1 and gives additional information for the application of EN 15316-1.

Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 6-1: Begleitende TR zur EN 15316-1 (Allgemeines und Darstellung der Energieeffizienz)

Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 6-1 : Explication et justification de l'EN 15316-1, Module M3-1, M3-4, M3-9, M8-1, M8-4

Le présent Rapport technique se rapporte à l’EN 15316 1:2017, modules M3-1, M8-1, M3-4, M8-4, M3 9, M8-9.
Il contient des informations pour aider à la compréhension, l’utilisation et l’adaptation nationale correctes de l’EN 15316 1:2017.
Le présent Rapport technique ne contient aucune disposition normative.
La norme associée EN 15316 1:2017 est le cadre général pour le calcul de la consommation d’énergie et de la performance énergétique des systèmes de chauffage et de production d’eau chaude sanitaire. La présente norme traite uniquement de la chaleur, fournie par les systèmes à eau, nécessaire pour le chauffage, l’eau chaude sanitaire et le refroidissement (refroidisseur à absorption par exemple).
Elle spécifie comment réaliser le calcul de l’ensemble de l’installation en utilisant les modules de calcul (voir Figure 1) correspondant aux méthodes définies dans les normes respectives.
Elle traite des problèmes communs tels que le calcul des conditions de fonctionnement et les indicateurs de performance énergétique.
Elle normalise les données d’entrée et de sortie, afin d’obtenir une méthode de calcul commune au niveau européen.
Elle permet l’analyse énergétique des systèmes et sous-systèmes de chauffage et de production d’eau chaude sanitaire, y compris leur régulation (émission, distribution, stockage, génération) en comparant les pertes du système et en définissant les indicateurs de performance énergétique.
Cette analyse de performance permet de comparer les systèmes et les sous-systèmes et d’évaluer l’impact de chaque sous-système sur la performance énergétique d’un bâtiment.
Le calcul des pertes de chaque partie des sous-systèmes de chauffage est défini dans les normes suivantes.
Les systèmes de ventilation ne sont pas compris dans la présente norme (par exemple, les systèmes double flux avec récupération de chaleur), mais si l’air est préchauffé ou si un système de chauffage de l’air est installé, les systèmes fournissant la chaleur à l’unité de traitement d’air sont couverts par la présente norme.

Energijske lastnosti stavb - Metoda za izračun energijskih zahtev in učinkovitosti sistema - 6-1. del: Razlaga in utemeljitev EN 15316-1 - Moduli M3-1, M3-4, M3-9, M8-1 in M8-4

To tehnično poročilo (CEN/TR 15316-6-1) določa podrobnosti za standard EN 15316-1 in podaja dodatne informacije za uporabo standarda EN 15316-1.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 04-Apr-2017
• ICS: 27.160 - Solar energy engineering
• ICS: 91.120.10 - Thermal insulation of buildings
• ICS: 91.140.10 - Central heating systems
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 228 - Heating systems in buildings
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 228/WG 4 - Calculation methods and system performance and evaluation
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 05-Apr-2017
• Due Date: 15-Aug-2015
• Completion Date: 05-Apr-2017
• Directive: 2010/31/EU - Directive 2010/31/eu of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (recast)
• Mandate: M/480 - Mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI for the elaboration and adoption of standards for a methodology calculating the integrated energy performance of buildings and promoting the energy efficiency of buildings, in accordance with the terms set in the recast of the Directive on the energy performance buildings (2010/31/EU)
• Ref Project: SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-1:2018 - Energy performance of buildings- Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 6-1: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-1, Module M3-1, M3-4, M3-9, M8-1, M8-4

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2018
(QHUJLMVNHODVWQRVWLVWDYE0HWRGD]DL]UDþXQHQHUJLMVNLK]DKWHYLQXþLQNRYLWRVWL
VLVWHPDGHO5D]ODJDLQXWHPHOMLWHY(10RGXOL0000
LQ0
Energy performance of buildings- Method for calculation of system energy requirements
and system efficiencies - Part 6-1: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-1, Module
M3-1, M3-4, M3-9, M8-1, M8-4
Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur
Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 6-1:
Begleitende TR zur EN 15316-1 (Allgemeines und Darstellung der Energieeffizienz)
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques
et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 1 : Explication et justification de l'EN 15316-1,
Module M3-1, M3-4, M3-9, M8-1, M8-4
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 15316-6-1:2017
ICS:
91.120.10 Toplotna izolacija stavb Thermal insulation of
buildings
91.140.10 Sistemi centralnega Central heating systems
ogrevanja
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN/TR 15316-6-1
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
April 2017
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 27.160; 91.120.10; 91.140.10
English Version
Energy performance of buildings- Method for calculation
of system energy requirements and system efficiencies -
Part 6-1: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-1,
Module M3-1, M3-4, M3-9, M8-1, M8-4
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in
calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der
systèmes - Partie 1 : Explication et justification de l'EN Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der
15316-1, Module M3-1, M3-4, M3-9, M8-1, M8-4 Anlagen - Teil 6-1: Begleitende TR zur EN 15316-1
(Allgemeines und Darstellung der Energieeffizienz)

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 27 February 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
228.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 15316-6-1:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references . 11
3 Terms and definitions . 12
4 Symbols and subscripts . 13
4.1 Symbols . 13
4.2 Subscripts . 13
5 Description of the methods . 13
5.1 General . 13
5.1.1 Modular structure . 13
5.1.2 Heating system zoning . 14
5.1.3 Domestic hot water system zoning . 15
5.1.4 Specification on interaction between BACS/space heating, cooling and DHW systems . 16
5.2 Description of the calculation method . 17
5.2.1 Calculation direction . 17
5.2.2 Operating conditions . 17
5.2.3 Maximum heat supply and power check . 18
5.2.4 Multiservice and operating of multi generator systems (load dispatching) . 19
5.2.5 Heating and domestic hot water system thermal losses. 19
5.2.6 Auxiliary energy . 19
5.2.7 Sub-system energy balance . 21
5.2.8 Interaction with other technical building systems . 22
5.3 Optional methods . 22
5.4 Application data. 22
6 Calculation procedure . 22
6.1 Output data . 22
6.2 Calculation interval and calculation period . 24
6.2.1 General . 24
6.2.2 Calculation interval . 25
6.2.3 Calculation period . 25
6.3 Input data . 25
6.3.1 General . 25
6.3.2 Product data . 26
6.3.3 System design data . 27
6.3.4 Operating data and boundary conditions . 28
6.3.5 Other data . 31
6.4 Domestic hot water energy use calculation . 31
6.4.1 Domestic hot water emission output per domestic hot water system zone . 31
6.4.2 Domestic hot water distribution calculation . 33
6.4.3 Also the domestic hot water circulation loop can be turned off. In this case the
temperature of the loop Domestic hot water storage calculation . 34
6.5 Space heating energy use calculation . 35
6.5.1 Generalities . 35
6.5.2 Space heating emission useful output per space heating system zone . 35
6.5.3 Heating system control . 37
6.6 Nodes calculation . 40
6.6.1 General . 40
6.6.2 Node output energy flow (load circuits) . 42
6.6.3 Node supply (flow) temperature . 42
6.6.4 Node return temperature . 42
6.6.5 Node losses . 43
6.6.6 Node input input energy (feeding circuit) . 43
6.6.7 Node mass flow rate . 43
6.7 Generation sub-system calculation . 43
6.7.1 Heat generator dispatch sequence . 43
6.7.2 Generation sub-system operating conditions calculation . 45
6.7.3 Generation input calculation . 45
6.8 Generation input per energy carrier and per service . 46
6.9 Auxiliary energy . 46
6.9.1 Calculating the auxiliary energy of all sub systems . 46
6.9.2 Distribution rules auxiliary energy . 46
6.10 Recoverable system thermal losses . 47
6.10.1 Calculating the recoverable thermal losses of all sub systems . 47
6.10.2 Distribution rules recoverable losses . 47
7 Energy efficiency indicators of space heating and domestic hot water systems or
sub-systems . 48
Annex A (normative) Template for the specification of application data . 49
Annex B (informative) Default application data . 53
Annex C (informative) Heating circuit modules . 57

Annex D (normative) Generation circuits . 64
Annex E (informative) Bin method . 65
Annex F (informative) Example . 76
Bibliography . 84
European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 15316-6-1:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228
“Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
Introduction
The CENSE project, the discussions between CEN and the Concerted action highlighted the high page
count of the entire package due to a lot of “textbook” information. This resulted in flooding and
confusing the normative text.
In order to facilitate the necessary overall consistency and coherence, in terminology, approach,
input/output relations and formats, for the whole set of EPB-standards, the following documents and
tools are available:
a) a document with basic principles to be followed in drafting EPB-standards:
CEN/TS 16628:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Basic Principles for the set of EPB
standards [1];
b) a document with detailed technical rules to be followed in drafting EPB-standards;
CEN/TS 16629:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Detailed Technical Rules for the set of
EPB-standards [2];
c) the detailed technical rules are the basis for the following tools:
1) a common template for each EPB-standard, including specific drafting instructions for the
relevant clauses;
2) a common template for each technical report that accompanies an EPB standard or a cluster of
EPB standards, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant clauses;
3) a common template for the spreadsheet that accompanies each EPB standard, to demonstrate
the correctness of the EPB calculation procedures.
Each EPB-standards follows the basic principles and the detailed technical rules and relates to the
overarching EPB-standard, prEN ISO 52000-1:2015.
One of the main purposes of the revision of the EPB-standards is to enable that laws and regulations
directly refer to the EPB-standards and make compliance with them compulsory. This requires that the
set of EPB-standards consists of a systematic, clear, comprehensive and unambiguous set of energy
performance procedures. The number of options provided is kept as low as possible, taking into
account national and regional differences in climate, culture and building tradition, policy and legal
frameworks (subsidiarity principle). For each option, an informative default option is provided
(Annex B).
Rationale behind the EPB technical reports
There is a risk that the purpose and limitations of the EPB standards will be misunderstood, unless the
background and context to their contents – and the thinking behind them – is explained in some detail
to readers of the standards. Consequently, various types of informative contents are recorded and made
available for users to properly understand, apply and nationally or regionally implement the EPB
standards.
If this explanation would have been attempted in the standards themselves, the result is likely to be
confusing and cumbersome, especially if the standards are implemented or referenced in national or
regional building codes.
Therefore each EPB standard is accompanied by an informative technical report, like this one, where all
informative content is collected, to ensure a clear separation between normative and informative
contents (see CEN/TS 16629):
- to avoid flooding and confusing the actual normative part with informative content,
- to reduce the page count of the actual standard, and
- to facilitate understanding of the set of EPB standards.
This was also one of the main recommendations from the European CENSE project [1] that laid the
foundation for the preparation of the set of EPB standards.
Figure 1 shows the relative position of the related standard within the EPB package of standards and
the position of all the other EPB standards under the responsibility of CEN/TC 228.
Building
Overarching Technical Building Systems
(as such)
sub
sub1  M1 M2 sub1  M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
1 General  1 General 1 General
Common
terms and Building
2 definitions;  2 Energy 2 Needs
symbols, units Needs
and subscripts
(Free)
Indoor Maximum
3 Applications  3 Conditions 3 Load and
without Power
Systems
Ways to Ways to Ways to
Express Express Express
4  4 4
Energy Energy Energy
Performance Performance Performance
Building
Heat Transfer
Functions and Emission and
5  5 by 5
Building control
Transmission
Boundaries
Heat
Building
Transfer by
Occupancy Distribution
6  6 Infiltration 6
and Operating and control
and
Conditions
Ventilation
Aggregation of
Energy
Internal Storage and
7 Services and  7 7
Heat Gains control
Energy
Carriers
Descriptions
Descriptions
Descriptions
EN 15316–5 EN 15316–3 EN 15316–2 EN 15316–1 EN 12831–1  EN 15316–1 Heating
EN 15316–3 EN 15316–2 Cooling
Ventilation
Humidification
Dehumidification
EN 15316–5
EN 15316–4– EN 15316–3  EN 15316–1 EN 12831–3 EN 12831–3 EN 15316–1 Domestic Hot water
Lighting
Building automation
and control
Electricity production
Building
Overarching Technical Building Systems
(as such)
sub
sub1  M1 M2 sub1  M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
Building Solar
8  8 8 Generation
Partitioning Heat Gains
Combustion
8–1
boilers
8–2 Heat pumps
Thermal solar
8–3
Photovoltaics
On-site
8–4
cogeneration
District
8–5 heating and
cooling
Direct
8–6 electrical
heater
8–7 Wind turbines
Radiant
8–8 heating,
stoves
Descriptions
Descriptions
Descriptions
EN 15316–4–8  EN 15316–4–9 EN 15316–4–5 EN 15316–4–4 EN 15316–4–3 EN 15316–4–2 EN 15316–4–1  Heating
EN 15316–4–5   EN 15316–4–2 Cooling
Ventilation
Humidification
Dehumidification
EN 15316–4–9 EN 15316–4–5 EN 15316–4–4 EN 15316–4–3 EN 15316–4–2 EN 15316–4–1  Domestic Hot water
Lighting
Building automation
and control
Electricity production
EN 15316–4–10  EN 15316–4–5 EN 15316–4–4 EN 15316–4–3

Building
Overarching Technical Building Systems
(as such)
sub
sub1  M1 M2 sub1  M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
Building Load
Calculated
Dynamics dispatching
9 Energy  9 9
(thermal and operating
Performance
mass) conditions
Measured Measured Measured
10 Energy 10 Energy 10 Energy
Performance Performance Performance

11 Inspection 11 Inspection 11 Inspection
Ways to
Express
12 12 – 12 BMS
Indoor
Comfort
External
13 Environment
Conditions
Economic
Calculation
Figure 1 — Position of EN 15316-1 within the EPB set of standards
Table 1 associates the title of the EN EPB standards to the numbers and modules. It also remembers the
replaced standards.
Descriptions
EN 15459–1
Descriptions
Descriptions
EN 15378–1 EN 15378–3 EN 15316–1 Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
Humidification
Dehumidification
EN 15378–1 EN 15378–3  Domestic Hot water
Lighting
Building automation
and control
Electricity production
Table 1 — List of EN EPB standards related to the calculation of space heating and domestic hot
water systems
New EPBD Old standards
No. Module Title of the new EPBD standard
numbering replaced
Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Energy
EN 15459–1 EN 15459 performance of buildings — Part 1: Economic evaluation procedure for
energy systems in buildings
1 M1–14
Accompanying TR to EN 15459–1 (Economic evaluation procedure for
TR 15459–2 New
energy systems in buildings)
Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Heating
EN 15378–1 EN 15378 systems and DHW in buildings — Part 1: Inspection of boilers, heating
M3–11
systems and DHW
M8–11
Accompanying TR to EN 15378–1 (Inspection of boilers, heating systems
TR 15378–2 New
and DHW)
Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Heating
EN 15378–3 New
M3–10
systems and DHW in buildings — Part 3: Measured energy performance
M8–10
TR 15378–4 New Accompanying TR to EN 15378–3 (Measured energy performance)
Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method
EN 12831–1 EN 12831
for calculation of the design heat load — Part 1: Space heating load
4 M3–3
TR 12831–2 New Accompanying TR for EN 12831–1 (Space heating load)
Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method
EN 12831–3 EN 15316–3–1 for calculation of the design heat load — Part 3: Domestic hot water
systems heat load and characterization of needs
5 M8–3
Accompanying TR to EN 12831–3 (Domestic hot water systems heat load
TR 12831–4 New
and characterization of needs)
M3–1 Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method
M8–1 EN 15316–1 EN 15316–1 for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies —
M3–4 Part 1: General and Energy performance expression
M8–4
Accompanying TR to EN 15316–1 (General and Energy performance
M3–9
TR 15316–6–1 New
expression)
M8–9
Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method
EN 15316–2 EN 15316–2–1 for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies —
M3–5
Part 2: Space emission systems (heating and cooling)
M4–5
Accompanying TR to EN 15316–2 (Space emission systems (heating and
TR 15316–6–2 New
cooling))
Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method
EN 15316–2–3
EN 15316–3 for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies —
M3–6
EN 15316–3–2
Part 3: Space distribution systems (DHW, heating and cooling)
8 M4–6
M8–6
Accompanying TR to EN 15316–3 (Space distribution systems (DHW,
TR 15316–6–3 New
heating and cooling))
Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method
EN 15316–4–1
for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies —
EN 15316–4–1 EN 15316–3–3
Part 4–1: Space heating and DHW generation systems, combustion
M3–8–1
EN 15316–4–7
systems (boilers, biomass)
M8–8–1
Accompanying TR to EN 15316–4–1 (Space heating and DHW generation
TR 15316–6–4 New
systems, combustion systems (boilers, biomass))
M3–8–2 Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method
10 M4–8–2 EN 15316–4–2 EN 15316–4–2 for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies —
M8–8–2 Part 4–2: Space heating generation systems, heat pump systems
New EPBD Old standards
No. Module Title of the new EPBD standard
numbering replaced
Accompanying TR to EN 15316–4–2 (Space heating generation systems,
TR 15316–6–5 New
heat pump systems)
Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method
EN 15316–4–3 for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies —
M3–8–3
EN 15316–4–3
EN 15316–4–6 Part 4–3: Heat generation systems, thermal solar and photovoltaic
M8–8–3
systems
M11–8–
Accompanying TR to EN 15316–4–3 (Heat generation systems, thermal
TR 15316–6–6 New
solar and photovoltaic systems)
Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method
M3–8–4
for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies —
M8–8–4
EN 15316–4–4 EN 15316–4–4
Part 4–4: Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration
M11–8–
systems
M3–
Accompanying TR to EN 15316–4–4 (Heat generation systems, building-
TR 15316–6–7 New
7/M8–7
integrated cogeneration systems)
M3–8–5 Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method
M4–8–5 EN 15316–4–5 EN 15316–4–5 for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies —
13 M8–8–5 Part 4–5: District heating and cooling
M11–8–
TR 15316–6–8 New Accompanying TR to EN 15316–4–5 (District heating and cooling)
Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method
for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies —
EN 15316–4–8 EN 15316–4–8
Part 4–8: Space heating generation systems, air heating and overhead
radiant heating systems, including stoves (local)
14 M3–8–8
Accompanying TR to EN 15316–4–8 (Space heating generation systems,
TR 15316–6–9 New air heating and overhead radiant heating systems, including stoves
(local))
Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method
EN 15316–5 New for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies —
M3–7
Part 5: Space heating and DHW storage systems (not cooling)
M8–7
TR 15316–6– Accompanying TR to EN 15316–5 (Space heating and DHW storage
New
10 systems (not cooling))
Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method
M3–8–6
16 EN 15316–4–9 New for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies —
M8–8–6
Part 4–9: Direct electric generation systems
Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method
M11–8– EN 15316–4–
17 New for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies —
7 10
Part 4–10: Wind power generation systems
1 Scope
This Technical Report refers to standard EN 15316-1:2017, modules M3-1, M8-1, M3-4, M8-4, M3-9,
M8-9.
It contains information to support the correct understanding, use and national adaptation of standard
EN 15316-1:2017.
This Technical Report does not contain any normative provision.
The related standard EN 15316-1:2017 is the general frame for the calculation of the energy use and
the energy performance of heating and domestic hot water systems. This standards is only dealing with
the heat, provided by water based systems, needed for heating, domestic hot water and cooling (e.g.
absorption chiller).
It specifies how to perform the calculation of the entire installation using the calculation modules (see
Figure 1) corresponding to the methods defined in the respective standards.
It deals with common issues like operating conditions calculation and energy performance indicators.
It standardises the inputs and outputs in order to achieve a common European calculation method.
It allows the energy analysis of the heating and Domestic hot water systems and sub-systems including
control (emission, distribution, storage, generation) by comparing the system losses and by defining
energy performance indicators.
The performance analysis allows the comparison between systems and sub-systems and makes
possible to evaluate the impact of each sub-system on the energy performance of a building.
The calculation of the system losses of each part of the heating sub-systems is defined in subsequent
standards.
Ventilation systems are not included in this standard (e.g. balanced systems with heat recovery), but if
the air is preheated or an air heating system is installed, the systems providing the heat to the AHU (Air
Handling Unit) are covered by this standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12831-3:2017, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method for
calculation of the design heat load — Part 3: Domestic hot water systems heat load and characterisation
of needs
EN 15316-2:2017, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method for
calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 2: Space emission systems
(heating and cooling)
EN 15316-3:2017, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method for
calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 3: Space distribution systems
(DHW, heating and cooling)
EN 15316-5:2017, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method for
calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 5: Space heating and DHW
storage systems (not cooling)
EN 15232-1:2017, Energy performance of buildings - Part 1: Impact of Building Automation, Controls and
Building Management - Modules M10-4,5,6,7,8,9,10
EN ISO 7345, Thermal insulation - Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987)
prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, Energy performance of buildings - Overarching EPB assessment - Part 1: General
framework and procedures (ISO/DIS 52000-1:2015)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345,
prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, prEN 15316-1:2014 and the following apply.
3.1
zoning
“zones” are the results of dividing a building into a space or group of spaces with uniform properties
Note 1 to entry: Buildings may be partitioned for the following reasons:
— the evaluation boundary (e.g. building as a whole, building unit) in order to deliver different
certificates,
— the building categories (e.g. occupancy patterns) or different indoor temperatures (e.g. due to different
solar gains, in order to calculate the energy “needs” without the technical building systems.
— the technical building systems (e.g. heating systems, DHW systems) in order to calculate the energy
“use” taking into account different operating conditions and equipment.
Note 2 to entry: As there are several “zones” the term “zone” should not be used alone. “Building zone” is the
general term (see prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, 3.1.8).
Note 3 to entry: The “thermal zone” is related to the building thermal model where the “needs” and the “useful
emission output” is calculated.
Note 4 to entry: The “heating system zone”, the “DHW system zone” are related to the “use”. For a better
differentiation between the building envelope and the technical systems, for the technical building systems the
term “zone” could be replace “area”.
Note 5 to entry: Other types of zones (area) already in the definitions of prEN ISO 52000-1:2015 (e.g. cooling,
DHW, heating, ventilation, and a list for possible zoning criteria is provided). The type of zones and their names
are listed in prEN ISO 52000-1:2015.
Note 6 to entry: The building partitioning into zones has to be defined before the calculation starts.
Note 7 to entry: For simplification of the zoning the following rules are defined:
— “subdivision rules” can be defined to distribute the emission output (based on the building “needs”) to
the “heating system zones” (as starting point for the calculation) ;
— “distribution rules” can be defined to distribute the “recoverable losses” of technical building systems
to the heat emission output calculation.
Example 1: Emission output distribution:
One thermal zone can be divided into several heating system having different properties related to the sub-
systems (different emitters, different distributions, same generation). In this case the single thermal zone may be
divided in several heating system zones (e.g. emitters). The emission output is distributed to the heating system
zone by using subdivision rule (e.g. per m )
Example 2: Recoverable losses distribution:
Several thermal systems zones can be served by one domestic hot water system. The DHW recoverable losses are
calculated for the two heating systems zones as a whole and distributed to them according to the distribution rule
(e.g. per m )
4 Symbols and subscripts
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document some special symbols are defined in EN 15316-1:2017 Only the
specific symbols are listed in EN 15316-1:2017.
4.2 Subscripts
For the purposes of this document some special subscripts are defined in EN 15316-1:2017. Only the
specific subscripts are listed in EN 15316-1:2017.
5 Description of the methods
5.1 General
5.1.1 Modular structure
The heating and domestic hot water systems are modelled by sub-systems. An overview of the modules
related to the different sub-systems is given in Figure 1 (Position of EN 15316-1:2017 in the modular
structure).
The calculation is based on the following sub-systems for each of the space heating and domestic hot
water systems:
— the emission sub-systems;
— the distribution sub-systems including nodes;
— the storage sub-systems (can be included in the generation sub-system if tested as a whole or
detailed as the storage sub-system);
— the generation sub-systems (e.g. boilers, solar collectors, heat pumps, cogeneration units).
NOTE This structure is similar to the physical structure of heating systems. In a building there may be several
independent heating systems.
Some of the sub-systems may be missing in a heating installation (e.g. heating systems may not include
a storage)
Each sub-system calculation method includes the effect of relevant controls.
Figure 2 shows different sub-systems of of heating system.
Key
1 heating system zone 1 6 storage pump
2 distribution pump 1 7 heating generator
3 heating system zone 2 8 generation + storage sub-system
4 emission sub-system 2 9 distribution sub-systems
5 heating system buffer-storage tank
Figure 2 — Scheme distribution and definitions of heating circuits
5.1.2 Heating system zoning
The heating system zoning has to be done before starting the calculation.
Heating system zoning consist of the grouping of similar emitter sub-systems and distribution sub-
systems into heating system zones. Within the same assessed object (building or building unit) a
heating system zone has to be defined according to the heating system zoning criteria (see Table A.1
and informative default value in Table B.1).
The subdivision of the thermal needs is made according to the sub-division criteria (see Table A.1 and
informative default value in Table B.1).
Recoverable losses of the heating system shall be allocated to the relevant thermal zones. If the exact
location of the losses is not known or if there are more heating systems zones then thermal zones, the
recoverable losses shall be allocated to the relevant thermal zones according to the distribution criteria
(see Table A.1 and informative default value in Table B.1).
Connecting the heating sub-system modules
The design of the heating system calculation structure and the connection of the different sub-systems
have to be done before starting the calculation.
The heating system calculation structure is defined by three main parts:
— the heating system zone including the emitters and the connected distribution;
— the nodes (including storage)
— the generators and the directly connected distribution.
The heating system calculation structure is established as follows.
1) Group together the spaces served by similar emission sub-systems into heating system zones.
The emission sub-system is defined by the emitter type, the design characteristics, the hydraulic
circuit and the control options.
These characteristics define the operating conditions determined in the emission operating
condition calculation module (see Annex C).
2) Connect the emission sub-system to a node (if needed).
The output characteristics of node are those of the load distribution circuits (e.g. emitters). The
input characteristics of a node are defined by the feeding circuits (e.g. the design characteristics, the
hydraulic circuit and the control options).
The feeding circuits of a node are the generation module with its specific characteristics. For each
of these modules specific operating conditions calculation modules are defined (see Annex C)
Storage tank
The calculation procedure for a storage tank is the same as for a node.
3) Connect the node to the generation modules.
If there are several generators a dispatch module define the priorities of feeding the node and
distribute the needed node input between the generators.
If some of the modules are not present in the heating system structure then the other modules are
connected directly.
5.1.3 Domestic hot water system zoning
The domestic hot water system zoning has to be done before starting the calculation.
Domestic hot water system zoning consist of the grouping similar domestic hot water systems (e.g.
centralized, decentralized system, tapping patterns per building category) into domestic hot water
system zones.
Within the same assessed object (building or building unit) a domestic hot water system zone has to be
defined according to the Domestic hot water system zoning criteria (see Table A.2 and informative
default value in Table B.2).
The subdivision of the domestic hot water needs is made according to the sub-division criteria (see
Table A.2 and informative default value in Table B.2).
Recoverable losses of the domestic hot water system shall be allocated to the relevant thermal zones. If
the exact location of the losses is not known or if there are more domestic hot water systems zones than
thermal zones, the recoverable losses shall be allocated to the relevant thermal zones according to the
distribution criteria (see Table A.2 and informative default value in Table B.2).
Connecting the domestic hot water sub-system modules
The domestic hot water system calculation structure is similar to the heating system calculation
structure. The domestic hot water system may share the same generation sub-systems.
Domestic hot water distribution sub-systems distinguish between
— final distribution (stub);
— circulation loop distribution.
They may be connected in cascade.
The temperature in the final distribution is depending on the insulation and the tapping profiles.
Attention has to be paid to the domestic hot water needs because the tapping patterns profiles often
associate a volume to a temperature (e.g. 40 °C) which can be different from the tapping temperature.
5.1.4 Specification on interaction between BACS/space heating, cooling and DHW systems
The BACS (Building Automation and Control Systems) having an impact on the energy consumption of
buildings are described and summarized in EN 15232-1:2017, Table 1.
Sub-system control functions for emission, distribution, storage, and generation of heating and DHW
are listed and addressed by a specific control identifier (see Table control input data in Clause 6).
Figure 3 illustrates basic control functions for space heating.

Key
1.1, 1.2 Heat emission control
1.3, 1.4, 1.5 Heat distribution control
1.6, 1.7, 1.8 Heat generation control
1.9 Sequencing of multiple heat generators
1.10 Thermal energy storage (TES)
AHU Air Handling Unit
M Motor
Figure 3 — Example of BAC function types related to space heating system
The operating condition module provides some of the operating conditions to the specific sub-system
modules (e.g. emission, distribution).
The impact on the energy use of BACS is determined in the specific heating or DHW module. The energy
savings are related to BAC are calculated in the heating or DHW modules.
5.2 Description of the calculation method
5.2.1 Calculation direction
The calculation direction is from the energy needs to the source (e.g. from the building energy needs to
the primary energy). The calculation direction is the opposite of the energy flow in the system.
If a priority is defined between services or sub-systems these services or sub-systems are calculated
according to the priorities.
The calculation structure shall follow the actual structure of the heating systems.
Thermal energy and auxiliary energy used by the heating and DHW systems are calculated separately.
5.2.2 Operating conditions
For each sub-system the operating conditions (e.g. temperatures, mass flows) are calculated in related
operating conditions modules (see Annex C). The operating conditions are taken into account control
(control identifier).
Only if the sub-systems are separated by a node they can have different operating conditions.
The calculation in the heating, domestic hot water or other sub-system standards applies to a specific
part of the technical system with its specific operating conditions (e.g. pipe length, temperatures, etc.).
In complex buildings with complex technical systems there are more specific parts because there are
more than one heating system zone and therefore more than one emission, distribution and generation
sub-systems. For a technical system with
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