EN ISO 3581:2023
(Main)Welding consumables - Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels - Classification (ISO 3581:2023)
Welding consumables - Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels - Classification (ISO 3581:2023)
This document specifies requirements for classification of covered electrodes, based on the all-weld metal chemical composition, the type of electrode covering and other electrode properties, and the all-weld metal mechanical properties, in the as-welded or heat-treated conditions, for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels.
This document is a combined standard providing for classification utilizing a system based upon classification according to nominal composition or utilizing a system based upon classification according to alloy type.
a) Paragraphs and tables which carry the label “classification according to nominal composition-A” or “ISO 3581-A” are applicable only to products classified to that system.
b) Paragraphs and tables which carry the label “classification according to alloy type-B” or “ISO 3581-B” are applicable only to products classified to that system.
c) Paragraphs and tables which carry neither label are applicable to products classified according to either or both systems.
Annex B gives information on considerations on weld metal ferrite content.
Schweißzusätze - Umhüllte Stabelektroden zum Lichtbogenhandschweißen von nichtrostenden und hitzebeständigen Stählen - Einteilung (ISO 3581:2023)
Produits consommables pour le soudage - Électrodes enrobées pour le soudage manuel à l'arc des aciers inoxydables et résistant aux températures élevées - Classification (ISO 3581:2023)
Le présent document spécifie les exigences relatives à la classification des électrodes enrobées destinées au soudage manuel à l'arc des aciers inoxydables et résistant aux températures élevées, basée sur la composition chimique du métal fondu hors dilution, sur le type d'enrobage d'électrode et d'autres propriétés de l'électrode, ainsi que sur les propriétés mécaniques du métal fondu hors dilution, à l'état brut de soudage ou traité thermiquement.
Le présent document est une norme mixte qui permet une classification utilisant un système basé sur la classification d'après la composition nominale ou utilisant un système basé sur la classification d'après le type d'alliage.
a) Les paragraphes et les tableaux qui portent la mention «classification d'après la composition nominale-A» ou «ISO 3581-A» ne sont applicables qu'aux produits classifiés d'après ledit système.
b) Les paragraphes et les tableaux qui portent la mention «classification d'après le type d'alliage-B» ou «ISO 3581-B» ne sont applicables qu'aux produits classifiés d'après ledit système.
c) Les paragraphes et les tableaux qui ne portent aucune des deux mentions sont applicables aux produits classifiés soit d'après l'un des systèmes, soit d'après les deux systèmes.
L'Annexe B donne des informations sur les considérations sur la teneur de ferrite dans le métal fondu.
Dodajni in pomožni materiali za varjenje - Oplaščene elektrode za ročno obločno varjenje nerjavnih in toplotno odpornih jekel - Razvrstitev (ISO/DIS 3581:2022)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 3581:2022
01-junij-2022
[Not translated]
Welding consumables - Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless
and heat-resisting steels - Classification (ISO/DIS 3581:2022)
Schweißzusätze – Umhüllte Stabelektroden zum Lichtbogenhandschweißen von
nichtrostenden und hitzebeständigen Stählen – Einteilung (ISO/DIS 3581:2022)
Produits consommables pour le soudage - Électrodes enrobées pour le soudage manuel
à l'arc des aciers inoxydables et résistant aux températures élevées - Classification
(ISO/DIS 3581:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 3581
ICS:
25.160.20 Potrošni material pri varjenju Welding consumables
oSIST prEN ISO 3581:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 3581:2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 3581:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 3581
ISO/TC 44/SC 3 Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2022-04-19 2022-07-12
Welding consumables — Covered electrodes for manual
metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels —
Classification
Produits consommables pour le soudage — Électrodes enrobées pour le soudage manuel à l'arc des aciers
inoxydables et résistant aux températures élevées — Classification
ICS: 25.160.20
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 3581:2022(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 3581:2022
ISO/DIS 3581:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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oSIST prEN ISO 3581:2022
ISO/DIS 3581:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Classification . 2
4.1 Classification systems . 4
4.1.1 Classification – nominal composition – A . 4
4.1.2 Classification – alloy type – B . 5
5 Symbols and requirements . 5
5.1 Symbol for the product/process . 5
5.1.1 Classification according to nominal composition – A . 5
5.1.2 Classification according to alloy type – B . 5
5.1.3 Symbol for the chemical composition of all-weld metal . 5
5.2 Symbol for type of electrode covering . 5
5.2.1 Classification according to nominal composition – A . 5
5.2.2 Classification according to alloy type – B . 6
5.3 Symbol for electrode efficiency and type of current . 21
5.3.1 Classification according to nominal composition – A . 21
5.3.2 Classification according to alloy type – B . 21
5.4 Symbol for welding position .22
6 Chemical analysis . .22
7 Mechanical property tests .22
7.1 General .22
7.2 Preheat and interpass temperatures . 22
7.3 Pass sequence . 23
8 Fillet weld test .23
9 Rounding procedure .24
10 Retests .24
11 Technical delivery conditions .25
12 Examples of designation .25
12.1 Classification according to nominal composition . 25
12.2 Classification according to alloy type . 25
12.3 Z classification . 26
Annex A (informative) Types of covering .27
Annex B (informative) Considerations on weld metal ferrite contents .29
Bibliography .32
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oSIST prEN ISO 3581:2022
ISO/DIS 3581:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes,
Subcommittee SC 3, Welding consumables.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 3581:2016), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
Official interpretations, where they exist, are available from this page:
https://committee.iso.org/sites/tc44/home/interpretation.html.
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oSIST prEN ISO 3581:2022
ISO/DIS 3581:2022(E)
Introduction
This document provides a classification system for stainless steel, covered welding electrodes in terms
of chemical composition of deposited weld metal and type of electrode covering. Other properties of the
electrodes are specified by reference to tables.
This document recognizes that there are two somewhat different approaches in the global market
for classifying a given stainless steel, covered electrode, and allows for either or both to be used to
suit a particular need. Application of either (or both) type(s) of classification designation identifies a
product as classified according to this document. It is important to note that the two systems are not
exactly equivalent; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other, without combining
designators in any way.
The classification according to nominal composition, system A, is mainly based upon EN 1600 while the
classification according to alloy type, system B, is mainly based upon standards used around the Pacific
Rim.
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oSIST prEN ISO 3581:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 3581:2022(E)
Welding consumables — Covered electrodes for manual
metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels —
Classification
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements for classification of covered electrodes, based on the all-weld
metal chemical composition, the type of electrode covering and other electrode properties, and the all-
weld metal mechanical properties, in the as-welded or heat-treated conditions, for manual metal arc
welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels.
This document is a combined standard providing for classification utilizing a system based upon
classification according to nominal composition or utilizing a system based upon classification
according to alloy type.
a) Paragraphs and tables which carry the label “classification according to nominal composition-A” or
“ISO 3581-A” are applicable only to products classified to that system.
b) Paragraphs and tables which carry the label “classification according to alloy type-B” or “ISO 3581-
B” are applicable only to products classified to that system.
c) Paragraphs and tables which carry neither label are applicable to products classified according to
either or both systems.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 544, Welding consumables — Technical delivery conditions for filler materials and fluxes — Type of
product, dimensions, tolerances and markings
ISO 2401, Welding consumables — Covered electrodes — Determination of the efficiency, metal recovery
and deposition coefficient
ISO 6847, Welding consumables — Deposition of a weld metal pad for chemical analysis
ISO 6947:2011, Welding and allied processes — Welding positions
ISO 13916, Welding — Measurement of preheating temperature, interpass temperature and preheat
maintenance temperature
ISO 14344, Welding consumables — Procurement of filler materials and fluxes
ISO 15792-1:2020, Welding consumables — Test methods — Part 1: Preparation of all-weld metal test
pieces and specimens in steel, nickel and nickel alloys
ISO 15792-3, Welding consumables — Test methods — Part 3: Classification testing of positional capacity
and root penetration of welding consumables in a fillet weld
ISO 80000-1:2009, Quantities and units — Part 1: General
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ISO/DIS 3581:2022(E)
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
4 Classification
Classification designations are based upon two approaches for indicating the chemical composition of
the all-weld metal deposit obtained with a given electrode.
The “nominal composition-A” approach uses designation components directly indicating the nominal
levels of certain alloying elements, given in a particular order, and some symbols for low but significant
levels of other elements, whose levels are not conveniently expressed as integers.
The “alloy type-B” approach uses tradition-based three-digit or four-digit designations for alloy
families, and occasionally an additional character or characters for compositional modifications of each
original alloy within the family.
Both designation approaches include additional designators for some other classification requirements,
but not entirely the same classification requirements, as will be clear from the following clauses.
Table 1 lists the tests required for classification of an electrode under each approach.
In many cases, a given commercial product can be classified using both approaches. Then either or both
classification designations can be used for the product.
Table 1 — Summary of test requirements
b
Position of welding
a
Size
Electrode designation
Chemical analysis All-weld metal
Fillet weld test
mm
test tension test
ISO 3581-A ISO 3581-B ISO 3581-A ISO 3581-B ISO 3581-A ISO 3581-B ISO 3581-A ISO 3581-B
2,5 (or 2,4 Not Not Not Not Not
PA
or 2,6) required required required required required
Not Not Not Not
Coating
3,2 or 3,0 PA PA
Position
required required required required
type sym-
and coat-
bol B and Not
ing type 4,0 PA PA PA PA PB, PF, PD
position required
symbol
symbols 1
Not Not Not Not
- 15
5,0 or 4,8 PA PB
and 2
required required required required
6,0 (or 5,6 Not Not Not Not
PA PB
or 6,4) required required required required
a
If the size is not manufactured, the next nearest size may be substituted (provided that the substituted size is different
from those specified in this table).
b
The abbreviation PA, PB, PD, PF and PG indicate welding positions in accordance with ISO 6947, as follows:
PA = flat;
PB = horizontal vertical;
PD = horizontal overhead;
PF = vertical up;
PG = vertical down.
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ISO/DIS 3581:2022(E)
Table 1 (continued)
b
Position of welding
a
Size
Electrode designation
Chemical analysis All-weld metal
mm Fillet weld test
test tension test
ISO 3581-A ISO 3581-B ISO 3581-A ISO 3581-B ISO 3581-A ISO 3581-B ISO 3581-A ISO 3581-B
Not Not
3,2 or 3,0 PA
required required
All coating
types and Not Not Not Not Not
4,0 PA PA
position applicable applicable applicable required applicable
symbol 3
Not Not Not
5,0 or 4,8
required required required
2,5 (or 2,4 Not Not Not Not
PA PG
or 2,6) required required required required
Position
Not Not Not
All coating
3,2 or 3,0 PA PA PG
symbol
required required required
types and
- 4 and all
position
Not
coating
4,0 PA PA PA PA PG
symbol 4
required
types
Not Not Not Not
5,0 or 4,8 PA PG
required required required required
Not Not
3,2 (or 3,0) PA
required required
All coating
types and Not Not Not Not Not
4,0 PA PA
position applicable applicable applicable required applicable
symbol 5
Not Not Not
5,0 (or 4,8)
required required required
2,5 (or 2,4 Not Not Not Not Not
PA
or 2,6) required required required required required
Not Not Not Not
Coating Position
3,2 (or 3,0) PA PA
required required required required
type sym- and coat-
bol R and ing type Not
4,0 PA PA PA PA PB, PF, PD
position symbols required
symbols 1 - 16 and
Not Not Not Not
5,0 (or 4,8) PA PB
and 2 - 17
required required required required
6,0 (or 5,6 Not Not Not Not
PA PB
or 6,4) required required required required
a
If the size is not manufactured, the next nearest size may be substituted (provided that the substituted size is different
from those specified in this table).
b
The abbreviation PA, PB, PD, PF and PG indicate welding positions in accordance with ISO 6947, as follows:
PA = flat;
PB = horizontal vertical;
PD = horizontal overhead;
PF = vertical up;
PG = vertical down.
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ISO/DIS 3581:2022(E)
Table 1 (continued)
b
Position of welding
a
Size
Electrode designation
Chemical analysis All-weld metal
mm Fillet weld test
test tension test
ISO 3581-A ISO 3581-B ISO 3581-A ISO 3581-B ISO 3581-A ISO 3581-B ISO 3581-A ISO 3581-B
2,5 (or 2,4 Not Not
PA
or 2,6) required required
Position
Not Not
3,2 (or 3,0) PA
and coat-
required required
Not ing type Not Not Not
4,0 PA PA PB
applicable symbols applicable applicable applicable
Not
- 26 and
5,0 (or 4,8) PA PB
required
- 27
6,0 (or 5,6 Not
PA PB
or 6,4) required
a
If the size is not manufactured, the next nearest size may be substituted (provided that the substituted size is different
from those specified in this table).
b
The abbreviation PA, PB, PD, PF and PG indicate welding positions in accordance with ISO 6947, as follows:
PA = flat;
PB = horizontal vertical;
PD = horizontal overhead;
PF = vertical up;
PG = vertical down.
4.1 Classification systems
Table 2 gives the requirements for classification according to nominal composition-A and according to
alloy type-B.
NOTE The composition of the core wire, which can be substantially different from the weld metal
composition, is not considered a classification criterion.
Table 2 — Classification systems
Classification according to
Nominal composition – A Alloy type – B
The classification is divided into five parts: The classification is divided into four parts:
1) a symbol indicating the product/process 1) a symbol indicating the product/process
to be identified (see 5.1); to be identified (see 5.1);
2) a symbol indicating the chemical composi- 2) a symbol indicating the chemical composi-
tion of all-weld metal (see Table 3); tion of all-weld metal (see Table 3);
3) a symbol indicating the type of electrode 3) a symbol indicating the welding position
covering (see 5.3); (see Table 5);
4) a symbol indicating the electrode efficien- 4) a symbol indicating the type of electrode
cy and type of current (see Table 5); covering. This also serves to define the type
of current which can be used with the elec-
5) a symbol indicating the welding position
trode classified (see 5.3).
(see Table 5).
4.1.1 Classification – nominal composition – A
This classification includes all-weld metal properties obtained with a covered electrode as given below.
The classification is based on an electrode diameter of 4 mm with the exception of testing for welding
position. When 4 mm diameter electrodes are not manufactured, the next closest diameter shall be
tested.
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oSIST prEN ISO 3581:2022
ISO/DIS 3581:2022(E)
Classification according to nominal composition is split into two sections:
— Compulsory section: includes the symbols for the type of product, the chemical composition and the
type of covering, i.e., symbols defined in 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3.
— Optional section: includes the symbols for the weld metal recovery, the type of current and the
welding positions for which the electrode is suitable, i.e., the symbols defined in 4.4 and Table 5.
The full designation (compulsory and optional sections) shall be used on packages and in the
manufacturer's literature and data sheets.
4.1.2 Classification – alloy type – B
This classification includes all-weld metal properties obtained with a covered electrode as given
below. The classification is based on an electrode diameter of 4 mm for mechanical properties, with
the exception of testing for welding position and for chemical analysis of the weld metal. When 4 mm
diameter electrodes are not manufactured, the next closest diameter shall be tested. In classifying
welding electrodes according to alloy type, the symbols for all four parts (product/process, alloy type,
welding position and type of electrode covering) as defined in 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and Table 5, are compulsory.
The full designation shall be used on packages and in the manufacturer's literature and data sheets.
5 Symbols and requirements
5.1 Symbol for the product/process
5.1.1 Classification according to nominal composition – A
The symbol for a covered electrode using the manual metal arc welding process for stainless and heat-
resisting steels in accordance with ISO 3581-A shall be the letter E.
5.1.2 Classification according to alloy type – B
The symbol for a covered electrode using the manual metal arc welding process for stainless and heat-
resisting steels in accordance with ISO 3581-B shall be the letters ES. The initial letter “E” indicates a
covered electrode while the letter “S” indicates stainless and heat-resisting steels.
5.1.3 Symbol for the chemical composition of all-weld metal
The symbols in Table 3 indicate the chemical composition of all-weld metal determined in accordance
with Clause 6. The all-weld metal obtained with the covered electrodes in Table 3, in accordance with
Clause 7, shall also fulfil the mechanical property requirements for that electrode as specified in Table 4.
5.2 Symbol for type of electrode covering
The type of electrode covering determines, to a large extent, usability characteristics of the electrode
and properties of the weld metal. See Annex A for information on coating types.
5.2.1 Classification according to nominal composition – A
The following two symbols are used to describe the type of covering:
— B, denotes a basic covering;
— R, denotes a rutile based covering.
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oSIST prEN ISO 3581:2022
ISO/DIS 3581:2022(E)
5.2.2 Classification according to alloy type – B
The following three symbols are used to define the type of covering on the electrode:
— 5, denotes a basic covering, intended for DC welding;
— 6, denotes a rutile based coating, intended for DC or AC welding (except that position and coating
type -46 is DC);
— 7, denotes a modified rutile based coating containing a considerable amount of silica, intended for
DC or AC welding (except that position and coating type -47 is DC).
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ISO/DIS 3581:2022(E)
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Table 3 — Chemical composition requirements
a, e, f
Chemical composition
Symbol classification by
% (by mass)
Nominal
d
composition- Alloy type
C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo Cu Nb + Ta N Others
b,c,d
(ISO 3581-B)
(ISO 3581-A)
Martensitic/ferritic types
11,0 to 0,50 to
— 409Nb 0,12 1,0 1,00 0,04 0,03 0,6 0,75 0,75 — —
14,0 1,50
11,0 to
d
13 (410) 0,12 1,0 1,5 0,030 0,025 0,60 0,75 0,75 — — —
14,0
11,0 to
d
(13) 410 0,12 0,90 1,0 0,04 0,03 0,7 0,75 0,75 — — —
14,0
11,0 to
d
13 4 (410NiMo) 0,06 1,0 1,5 0,030 0,025 3,0 to 5,0 0,4 to 1,0 0,75 — — —
14,5
11,0 to 0,40 to
d
(13 4) 410NiMo 0,06 0,90 1,0 0,04 0,03 4,0 to 5,0 0,75 — — —
12,5 0,70
16,0 to
d
17 (430) 0,12 1,0 1,5 0,030 0,025 0,60 0,75 0,75 — — —
18,0
15,0 to
d
(17) 430 0,10 0,90 1,0 0,04 0,03 0,6 0,75 0,75 — — —
18,0
15,0 to 0,50 to
— 430Nb 0,10 1,0 1,00 0,04 0,03 0,6 0,75 0,75 — —
18,0 1,50
a
Single values shown in this table are maximum values.
b
Consumables for which the chemical composition is not listed shall be symbolized similarly and prefixed by the letters Z. The chemical composition ranges are not specified
and it is possible that two electrodes with the same Z classification are not interchangeable.
c
The sum of P and S may not exceed 0,050 %, except for 25 7 2 N L; 18 16 5 N L; 20 16 3 Mn N L; 18 8 Mn; 18 9 Mn Mo and 29 9.
d
A designation in parentheses [e.g. (308L) or (19 9 L)] indicates a near match in the other designation system, but not an exact match. The correct designation for a given
composition range is the one not in parentheses. A given product, by having a more restricted chemical composition that fulfils both sets of designation requirements, may be
assigned both designations independently.
e
Analysis shall be made for the elements for which specific values are shown in this table. If, however, the presence of other elements is indicated in the course of routine
analysis, further analysis shall be made in order to determine that the total of these other elements, iron excepted, is not present in excess of 0,50 %.
f
For alloys intended for high temperature, Bi should be restricted to 20 ppm maximum.
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