EN 17823:2024
(Main)Acoustic properties of building elements and of buildings - Laboratory measurement of the impact sound insulation of stairs and stair isolating elements
Acoustic properties of building elements and of buildings - Laboratory measurement of the impact sound insulation of stairs and stair isolating elements
This document specifies procedures to measure in laboratory the impact sound level reduction of isolated heavy landings connected to a heavy wall, isolated heavy flights of stairs connected to a heavy landing, lower or upper floor, and lightweight stairs connected to a heavy wall, lower or upper floor.
This document also considers the characterization of isolating elements for heavy landings or heavy flights of stairs in terms of an insertion loss expressed as an impact sound level difference. The corresponding procedure is given in a normative annex (Annex A), separated from the other procedures for the sake of clarity.
The tests are performed in defined test configurations and the test results are firstly restricted to the test configurations as described in the test report. The data can be used for comparing the performance of products and as input for EN ISO 12354-2:2017, Annex F, to calculate the sound pressure levels produced by the same stairs and isolating elements when installed in buildings.
The test procedures defined in this document comprise the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5000 Hz.
Akustische Eigenschaften von Bauteilen und von Gebäuden - Prüfstandsmessungen der Trittschalldämmung von Treppen und Treppen-Entkopplungselementen
Dieses Dokument legt Verfahren fest, mit denen im Prüfstand die Trittschallminderung von entkoppelten massiven Podesten, die mit einer Massivwand verbunden sind, von entkoppelten massiven Treppenläufen, die mit einem massiven Podest, dem Fußboden oder einer Decke verbunden sind, und von Leichtbautreppen, die mit einer Massivwand, dem Fußboden oder der Decke verbunden sind, gemessen wird.
Dieses Dokument befasst sich außerdem mit der Beschreibung von Entkopplungselementen für massive Podeste oder massive Treppenläufe im Hinblick auf ein Einfügungsdämm Maß, das als eine Trittschallpegeldifferenz angegeben wird. Das entsprechende Verfahren ist zur Verdeutlichung getrennt von den anderen Verfahren in einem normativen Anhang (Anhang A) angegeben.
Die Prüfungen werden in festgelegten Prüfkonfigurationen durchgeführt und die Prüfergebnisse sind zunächst auf die im Prüfbericht beschriebenen Prüfkonfigurationen beschränkt. Die Daten können zum Vergleich von Produkteigenschaften und als Eingangsparameter für EN ISO 12354 2:2017, Anhang F, genutzt werden, um die Schalldruckpegel zu berechnen, die von den gleichen Treppen und Entkopplungselementen erzeugt werden, nachdem sie in ein Gebäude eingebaut wurden.
Die in diesem Dokument festgelegten Prüfverfahren umfassen den Frequenzbereich von 50 Hz bis 5 000 Hz.
Propriétés acoustiques des éléments de construction et des bâtiments - Mesurage en laboratoire de l’isolation au bruit de choc des escaliers et des éléments isolants d’escalier
Le présent document spécifie les modes opératoires pour le mesurage en laboratoire de la réduction du niveau de bruit de choc des paliers lourds isolés fixés à un mur lourd, des volées d’escalier lourd isolées fixées à un palier, un plancher inférieur ou supérieur, et des escaliers légers fixés à un mur, un plancher inférieur ou supérieur lourd.
Le présent document traite également de la caractérisation des éléments isolants pour les paliers lourds ou les volées d’escalier lourd concernant une perte par insertion exprimée comme une différence de niveau de bruit de choc. Le mode opératoire correspondant est donné dans une annexe normative (Annexe A), séparée des autres modes opératoires pour plus de clarté.
Les essais sont effectués dans des configurations d’essai définies et les résultats d’essai sont d’abord limités aux configurations d’essai telles que décrites dans le rapport d’essai. Les données peuvent être utilisées pour comparer les performances des produits et en tant que données d’entrée pour l’EN ISO 12354-2:2017, Annexe F, afin de calculer les niveaux de pression acoustique produits par les mêmes escaliers et éléments isolants lorsqu’ils sont installés dans des bâtiments.
Les modes opératoires d’essai définis dans le présent document comprennent la plage de fréquence de 50 Hz à 5 000 Hz.
Akustične lastnosti gradbenih elementov in stavb - Laboratorijsko merjenje izoliranosti stopnic in stopniščnih izolacijskih elementov pred udarnim zvokom
Ta standard opredeljuje postopke za laboratorijsko merjenje zmanjšanja ravni udarnega zvoka izoliranih masivnih stopniščnih podestov, povezanih z masivno steno, izoliranih masivnih sklopov stopnic, povezanih z masivnim stopniščnim podestom, tlemi ali stropom, in montažnih stopnic, povezanih z masivno steno, tlemi ali stropom.
Standard obravnava tudi karakterizacijo izolacijskih elementov za masivne stopniščne podeste ali masivne sklope stopnic v smislu dušenja zvoka, izraženega kot razlika v ravni udarnega zvoka. Ustrezni postopek je podan v normativnem dodatku (dodatek A) in je zaradi jasnosti ločen od drugih postopkov.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2024
Akustične lastnosti gradbenih elementov in stavb - Laboratorijsko merjenje
izoliranosti stopnic in stopniščnih izolacijskih elementov pred udarnim zvokom
Acoustic properties of building elements and of buildings - Laboratory measurement of
the impact sound insulation of stairs and stair isolating elements
Akustische Eigenschaften von Bauteilen und von Gebäuden - Prüfstandsmessungen der
Trittschalldämmung von Treppen und Treppen-Entkopplungselementen
Propriétés acoustiques des éléments de construction et des bâtiments - Mesurage en
laboratoire de l’isolation au bruit de choc des escaliers et des éléments isolants
d’escalier
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17823:2024
ICS:
91.060.30 Stropi. Tla. Stopnice Ceilings. Floors. Stairs
91.120.20 Akustika v stavbah. Zvočna Acoustics in building. Sound
izolacija insulation
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 17823
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.060.30; 91.120.20
English Version
Acoustic properties of building elements and of buildings -
Laboratory measurement of the impact sound insulation of
stairs and stair isolating elements
Propriétés acoustiques des éléments de construction et Akustische Eigenschaften von Bauteilen und von
des bâtiments - Mesurage en laboratoire de l'isolation Gebäuden - Prüfstandsmessungen der
au bruit de choc des escaliers et des éléments isolants Trittschalldämmung von Treppen und Treppen-
d'escalier Entkopplungselementen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 May 2024.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17823:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Principle of the method(s) . 12
4.1 General. 12
4.2 Horizontal transmission; case of isolated heavy landings or lightweight stairs
connected to walls . 12
4.3 Horizontal transmission; case of isolated heavy flights of stairs connected to heavy
landings . 13
4.4 Vertical transmission; case of lightweight stairs connected to heavy lower and upper
floors . 13
4.4.1 General. 13
4.4.2 Connection to lower floors (top in Figure 3) . 14
4.4.3 Connection to upper floors (bottom in Figure 3) . 15
5 Test facilities and equipment . 15
5.1 General. 15
5.2 Reference wall . 16
5.2.1 General. 16
5.2.2 Wall surface . 16
5.2.3 Openings or recesses to receive the landing . 16
5.3 Auxiliary wall . 16
5.4 Reference lower floor . 17
5.5 Reference upper floor . 17
5.6 Reference landing . 17
5.7 Reference flight . 18
5.8 Lightweight stair (system). 18
6 Test arrangement . 19
6.1 General. 19
6.2 Erecting the reference wall . 19
6.3 Isolated installation of reference landing . 19
6.4 Rigid installation of reference landing . 20
6.5 Isolated installation of reference flight . 20
6.6 Rigid installation of reference flight . 21
6.7 Installation of the lightweight stair system . 21
7 Test procedure . 22
7.1 General. 22
7.2 Structure-borne sound measurements . 23
7.3 Generation of sound field . 23
7.3.1 General. 23
7.3.2 Excitation of reference wall . 23
7.3.3 Excitation of reference landing . 24
7.3.4 Excitation of reference flight . 24
7.3.5 Excitation of lightweight stair . 24
7.4 Generation of additional loads. 25
8 Precision . 25
9 Evaluation and test report. 25
9.1 Evaluation. 25
9.2 Expression of results . 26
9.3 Test report . 26
Annex A (normative) Determining the impact sound pressure level difference . 27
A.1 General . 27
A.2 Principle of the method . 27
A.3 Test arrangement . 28
A.4 Procedure . 28
A.5 Precision . 28
A.6 Evaluation and test report. 29
Bibliography . 30
European foreword
This document (EN 17823:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 126 “Acoustic
properties of building elements and of buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2024, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by November 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
The procedure for characterizing the impact sound performance of stairs comes from EN ISO 12354-
2:2017, Annex F, where the performance is expressed, like the performance of a floor covering, as a
reduction of impact sound pressure level. This quantity allows the product comparison of stairs and stair
isolating elements and predicting the impact sound of stairs in buildings using EN ISO 12354-2.
1 Scope
This document specifies procedures to measure in laboratory the impact sound level reduction of isolated
heavy landings connected to a heavy wall, isolated heavy flights of stairs connected to a heavy landing,
lower or upper floor, and lightweight stairs connected to a heavy wall, lower or upper floor.
This document also considers the characterization of isolating elements for heavy landings or heavy
flights of stairs in terms of an insertion loss expressed as an impact sound level difference. The
corresponding procedure is given in a normative annex (Annex A), separated from the other procedures
for the sake of clarity.
The tests are performed in defined test configurations and the test results are firstly restricted to the test
configurations as described in the test report. The data can be used for comparing the performance of
products and as input for EN ISO 12354-2:2017, Annex F, to calculate the sound pressure levels produced
by the same stairs and isolating elements when installed in buildings.
The test procedures defined in this document comprise the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5000 Hz.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12354-5:2023, Building acoustics — Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the
performance of elements — Part 5: Sounds levels due to the service equipment
EN 14366-1, Laboratory measurement of airborne and structure-borne sound from service equipment —
Part 1: Application rules for waste water installations
EN 15657, Acoustic properties of building elements and of buildings — Laboratory measurement of
structure-borne sound from building service equipment for all installation conditions
EN ISO 717-2, Acoustics — Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 2:
Impact sound insulation (ISO 717-2)
EN ISO 10140-2, Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements — Part 2:
Measurement of airborne sound insulation (ISO 10140-2)
EN ISO 10140-3, Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements — Part 3:
Measurement of impact sound insulation (ISO 10140-3)
EN ISO 10140-4, Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements — Part 4:
Measurement procedures and requirements (ISO 10140-4)
EN ISO 10140-5:2021, Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements —
Part 5: Requirements for test facilities and equipment (ISO 10140-5)
EN ISO 10848-1, Acoustics — Laboratory and field measurement of flanking transmission for airborne,
impact and building service equipment sound between adjoining rooms — Part 1: Frame document
(ISO 10848-1)
EN ISO 12354-2:2017, Building acoustics — Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the
performance of elements — Part 2: Impact sound insulation between rooms (ISO 12354-2)
EN ISO 12999-1, Acoustics — Determination and application of measurement uncertainties in building
acoustics — Part 1: Sound insulation (ISO 12999-1)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
heavyweight stair
stair made of reinforced concrete, consisting of flights of stairs, landings and optionally isolating elements
between stair elements and building elements
Note 1 to entry: In buildings heavyweight stairs are usually located in stairwells and not inside dwellings.
Note 2 to entry: In this document a heavyweight reference stair is defined that forms a transmission system,
together with the reference wall as part of which the stair and isolating elements are subjected to testing.
3.2
lightweight stair
stair made of components like steps, string boards, handrails that are made of steel/wood/stone or glass
(for typical examples see [5], [6]) and optionally isolating elements
Note 1 to entry: In buildings lightweight stairs are usually located inside dwellings.
Note 2 to entry: In this document a lightweight stair (system) is defined by all its components and forms a
transmission system, together with the reference wall, reference lower floor and reference upper floor as part of
which the stair is subjected to testing.
3.3
stair isolating element
component of a stair that reduces the impact sound transmission of the stair into building elements
(walls, lower and upper floors)
3.4
reference wall
wall, where the stair is attached to and by which the impact sound is radiated to the receiving room when
the reference heavy landing or the reference heavy flight or the lightweight stair is excited (see Figure 6,
Figure 7 and Figure 8)
3.5
auxiliary wall
wall opposite of the reference wall by which the reference landing is supported (see Figure 6 and
Figure 7)
3.6
reference lower floor
lower floor, where the stair is attached to and by which the sound is radiated when the lightweight stair
is excited (see Figure 8)
3.7
reference upper floor
upper floor to which the stair is attached to and by which the sound is radiated when the lightweight stair
is excited (see Figure 8)
3.8
reference landing
heavyweight landing in the source room which, together with the reference wall, forms a transmission
system as part of which the stair and isolating elements are subjected to testing (see Figure 6)
3.9
reference flight
heavyweight stair flight in the source room which, together with the reference wall and the reference
landing, forms a transmission system as part of which the stair and isolating elements are subjected to
testing (see Figure 7)
3.10
receiver impact sound pressure level
L
i,receiver
energetically averaged sound pressure level in a one-third octave bands in the receiving room due to
radiation of the reference wall ( L ) reference lower floor ( L ), reference upper floor
i,wall i,lower floor
( L ), when excited by the tapping machine according to EN ISO 10140-5:2021, Annex E
i,upper floor
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels.
i,receiver
Note 2 to entry: See EN ISO 10140-4 for definition of the energetically averaged sound pressure level.
Note 3 to entry: The impact sound pressure level of the reference wall L is determined according to
i,wall
EN 12354-5:2023, Clause 5.3.2.3, from a transfer function measurement according to EN ISO 10848-1 and the
theoretical force spectrum of the standard tapping machine according to EN 12354-5:2023, Clause 5.3.3 (see
Clause 7.3.2).
3.11
normalized receiver impact sound pressure level
L
n0,receiver
sum of the receiver impact sound pressure level, L , and a correction term, expressed in decibels,
i,receiver
where the correction term is equal to ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the measured
equivalent sound absorption area, A, of the receiving room to that of the reference equivalent sound
absorption area, A
A
LL + 10 lg (1)
n0,,receiver i receiver
A
where A = 10 m
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels.
n0,receiver
Note 2 to entry: See EN ISO 10140-4 for definition of the measured equivalent sound absorption area, A , of the
receiving room.
=
3.12
stair impact sound pressure level
L
i,stair
energetically averaged sound pressure level in the receiving room due to sound radiation of the reference
wall, reference lower floor or reference upper floor, when reference landing ( ), reference flight (
L
i,landing
L ) or lightweight stair ( L ) is excited by the tapping machine according to
i,flight i,lightweight stair
EN ISO 10140-5:2021, Annex E
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels.
i,stair
Note 2 to entry: See EN ISO 10140-4 for definition of the energetically averaged sound pressure level.
3.13
normalized stair impact sound pressure level
L
n,stair
sum of the stair impact sound pressure level, L , and a correction term, expressed in decibels, where
i,stair
the correction term is equal to ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the measured equivalent
sound absorption area, A, of the receiving room to that of the reference equivalent sound absorption
area, A
A
LL + 10 lg (2)
n,,stair i stair
A
where A = 10 m
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels.
n,stair
Note 2 to entry: See EN ISO 10140-4 for definition of the measured equivalent sound absorption area, A , of the
receiving room.
3.14
landing impact sound pressure level reduction
∆L
landing
difference of the normalized wall impact sound pressure level and the normalized landing impact sound
pressure level of the isolated landing
∆LL − L (3)
landing n0,wall n,landing
where
is the normalized impact sound pressure level of the reference wall;
L
n0,wall
is the normalized impact sound pressure level of the isolated reference landing
L
n,landing
Note 1 to entry: ∆L is expressed in decibels.
landing
=
=
Note 2 to entry: The landing impact sound pressure level reduction, , characterizes the sound insulation
∆L
landing
improvement due to the junction landing/wall and the landing isolating element, compared to the direct excitation
of the wall. This quantity is required for the prediction of the impact sound transmission by isolated landings in
buildings, as described in EN ISO 12354-2:2017, Annex F.
3.15
flight impact sound pressure level reduction
∆L
flight
difference of the normalized landing impact sound pressure level with the landing rigidly connected to
the reference wall and the normalized flight impact sound pressure level of the isolated flight
∆LL − L (4)
flight n0,,landing n flight
where
is the normalized impact sound pressure level of the reference landing rigidly
L
n0,landing
connected to the reference wall;
is the normalized impact sound pressure level of the isolated flight
L
n,flight
Note 1 to entry: ∆L is expressed in decibels.
flight
Note 2 to entry: The flight impact sound pressure level reduction, ∆L , characterizes the sound insulation
flight
improvement due to the junction flight/landing and the flight isolating element, compared to the direct excitation
of the landing. This quantity is required for the prediction of the impact sound transmission by isolated flights in
buildings, as described in EN ISO 12354-2:2017, Annex F.
3.16
lightweight stair impact sound pressure level reduction
∆L
stair,receiver
difference of the normalized receiver (reference wall/reference upper floor/reference lower floor)
impact sound pressure level without stair and with the lightweight stair connected to the reference wall,
reference upper floor and reference lower floor
∆L LL− (5)
stair,receiver n0,,receiver n stair,receiver
where
is the normalized impact sound pressure level of the receiver (reference wall,
L
n0,receiver
reference lower floor, reference upper floor) with respect to the direction of the
transmission;
is the normalized impact sound pressure level of the lightweight stair with respect
L
n,stair,receiver
to the direction of the transmission
Note 1 to entry: ∆L is expressed in decibels.
stair,receiver
=
=
Note 2 to entry: The stair impact sound pressure level reduction, ∆L , characterizes the sound
stair,receiver
insulation improvement due to the stair construction and isolating elements, compared to the direct excitation of
the receiver (wall/upper floor/lower floor). This quantity is required for the prediction of the impact sound
transmission by lightweight stairs in buildings, as described in EN ISO 12354-2:2017, Annex F.
3.17
landing impact sound pressure level difference
*
∆L
landing
difference of the normalized landing impact sound pressure levels of the reference landing rigidly
connected to the reference wall and of the isolated reference landing
*
∆LL − L (6)
landing n0,,landing n landing
where
is the normalized impact sound pressure level for the rigidly connected reference
L
n0,landing
landing;
is the normalized impact sound pressure level for the isolated reference landing
L
n,landing
*
Note 1 to entry: ∆L is expressed in decibels.
landing
*
Note 2 to entry: The impact sound pressure level difference ∆L describes the improvement in impact
Landing
sound insulation by landing isolating elements in comparison to the rigid connection. The test procedure is
described in Annex A.
3.18
flight impact sound pressure level difference
*
∆L
flight
difference of the normalized flight impact sound pressure levels of the reference flight rigidly connected
to the reference landing and of the isolated reference flight
*
∆L L − L (7)
flight n0,flight n,flight
where
is the normalized impact sound pressure level for the rigidly connected reference flight;
L
n0,flight
is the normalized impact sound pressure level of the isolated flight
L
n,flight
*
Note 1 to entry: ∆L is expressed in decibels.
flight
*
Note 2 to entry: The impact sound pressure level difference ∆L describes the improvement in impact sound
flight
insulation by flight isolating elements in comparison to the rigid connection. The test procedure is described in
Annex A.
=
=
4 Principle of the method(s)
4.1 General
Three different configurations corresponding to different measuring procedures are considered.
4.2 Horizontal transmission; case of isolated heavy landings or lightweight stairs
connected to walls
Key
1 reference wall
2 isolated reference landing
3 lightweight stair
Figure 1 — Procedure for measuring the impact sound pressure level reduction of isolated
heavy landings (top) ∆L or lightweight stairs (bottom) connected to walls ∆L ; the
landing stair,wall
arrow represents the excitation source
The principle of the method (Figure 1) consists of measuring in the receiving room the normalized impact
sound pressure level L of the bare wall, and then the impact sound pressure level L of the
n0,wall n,landing
isolated landing or the impact sound pressure level L of the lightweight stair connected to the
n,stair,wall
wall.
The impact sound pressure level reduction is obtained as:
∆LL − L (8)
landing n0,,wall n landing
∆L LL− (9)
stair,wall n0,wall n,stair,wall
For measuring the impact sound of the isolated landing or the lightweight stair, the ISO tapping machine
is used as excitation source; for measuring the impact sound of the wall, the indirect method specified in
EN 12354-5:2023, Annex B, is used (see 7.3.2).
=
=
4.3 Horizontal transmission; case of isolated heavy flights of stairs connected to heavy
landings
Key
1 reference wall
2 non-isolated reference landing
3 isolated reference flight of stairs
Figure 2 — Procedure for measuring the impact sound pressure level reduction of isolated
heavy flights of stairs connected to heavy landings; the arrow represents the excitation source
The principle of the method (Figure 2) consists of measuring in the receiving room the normalized impact
sound pressure level L of the bare landing rigidly connected to the wall, and then the impact
n0,landing
sound pressure level of the isolated flight of stairs connected to the landing.
L
n,flight
The impact sound pressure level reduction is obtained as:
∆LL − L (10)
flight n0,,landing n flight
For measuring the impact sound of the landing or the isolated flight of stairs, the ISO tapping machine is
used as excitation source.
4.4 Vertical transmission; case of lightweight stairs connected to heavy lower and upper
floors
4.4.1 General
The principle of the method is given in Figure 3.
=
Key
1 reference upper floor
2 lightweight stair
3 reference lower floor
Figure 3 — Procedure for measuring the impact sound pressure level reduction of lightweight
stairs connected to heavy lower floors (top) and heavy upper floors (bottom); the arrow
represents the excitation source
4.4.2 Connection to lower floors (top in Figure 3)
The principle of the method consists of measuring in the receiving room the impact sound pressure level
L of the bare lower floor, and then the impact sound pressure level L of the
n0,lower floor n,stair,lower floor
lightweight stair connected to the lower floor.
The impact sound pressure level reduction is obtained as:
∆L LL− (11)
stair,lower floor n0,,lower floor n stair,lower floor
For measuring the impact sound of the floor or the lightweight stair, the ISO tapping machine is used as
excitation source.
If the lab facility has no receiving room underneath the floor (bottom right configuration in Figure 3 for
example), then velocity measurements on the floor are performed, using the same test arrangement as in
Figure 8 and the same test procedure as in 4.4.3.
=
4.4.3 Connection to upper floors (bottom in Figure 3)
Because of the aperture in the upper floor, no sound pressure levels can be measured. The principle of
the method consists of calculating the impact sound pressure level reduction from the spatially averaged
velocity level (procedure described in 7.2) of the bare upper floor L , and then of the
n0,v,upper floor
lightweight stair L connected to the upper floor. The impact sound pressure level
n,v,stair,upper floor
reduction is obtained as:
∆LL − L (12)
stair,upper floor n0,v,upper floor n,v,stair,upper floor
For measuring the impact sound of the upper floor or the lightweight stair, the ISO tapping machine is
used as excitation source.
5 Test facilities and equipment
5.1 General
Laboratory test facilities shall be in accordance with one of the following standards:
• EN ISO 10140-5;
• EN 14366-1.
The standard tapping machine shall satisfy the requirements specified in EN ISO 10140-5.
Requirements regarding the equipment for measuring the sound pressure level and for calibration of
such equipment will be found in EN ISO 10140-5.
The standard tapping machine is unsuitable for determining the impact sound pressure level of walls.
The normalized impact sound pressure level of walls that would be obtained when exciting the wall using
a standard tapping machine, is determined indirectly according to EN 12354-5:2023 (see Clause 7.3.2).
The theoretical blocked force level of the ISO tapping machine is given in Table 1 in one-third octave
bands for centre frequencies.
Table 1 — Blocked Force level L in dB re 1 µN for the ISO tapping machine in one-third
Fb,stm
octave bands [4]
f in Hz L in dB
Fb,stm
50 140
63 141
80 142
100 143
125 144
160 145
200 146
250 147
315 148
400 149
=
f in Hz L in dB
Fb,stm
500 150
630 151
800 152
1000 153
1250 154
1600 155
2000 156
2500 157
3150 158
4000 159
5000 160
5.2 Reference wall
5.2.1 General
The wall via which the sound is radiated into the receiving room when the reference landing, reference
flight or lightweight stair is excited shall be single-leaf, consist of homogenous masonry units (with
3 3
density ≥ 1 800 kg/m ) or of reinforced concrete (of density ≥ 2 000 kg/m ) and have a mass per unit
area (including any plaster) of (450 ± 10) kg/m .
The surface of the wall facing the receiving room shall have an area of at least 10 m .
5.2.2 Wall surface
The wall surface shall not have any open gaps, shall be as smooth as possible and be adequately hard to
be capable of receiving hammer blows without deformations for the transfer function and mobility
measurement according to 7.3.2.
NOTE For masonry walls, this requirement can be satisfied by filling all gaps in the brickwork with mortar and
plastering the wall on the side facing the receiving room. Concrete walls need not normally be plastered.
5.2.3 Openings or recesses to receive the landing
For testing isolated landings, two recesses or openings in the wall shall be provided; one recess or
opening will be sufficient if the landing is placed on only one isolating element along its entire width. The
surface of contact shall be oriented horizontally and shall be flat to within ± 1 mm over a horizontal length
of 200 mm (this being checked using a water level). The recesses or openings shall be located so that their
distance to the room boundary surfaces is at least 50 cm.
5.3 Auxiliary wall
For supporting the reference landing at the side opposite of the reference wall, an auxiliary wall of
adequate structural stability is required. Its height shall correspond to the height of the recesses or
openings in the reference wall above the lower floor. The surface of contact shall be oriented horizontally
and shall be flat to within ± 1 mm over a horizontal length of 200 mm (this being checked using a water
level).
5.4 Reference lower floor
The reference lower floor that supports the lightweight stair shall be made of reinforced concrete (of
density ≥ 2 000 kg/m ). The thickness shall be in the range from 10 cm to 22 cm.
5.5 Reference upper floor
The reference upper floor that supports the lightweight stair shall be made of reinforced concrete (of
density ≥ 2 000 kg/m ). The thickness shall be in the range from 10 cm to 22 cm. The dimensions of the
aperture in the reference upper floor shall be as in buildings.
5.6 Reference landing
The reference landing shall be made of reinforced concrete (of density ≥ 2 000 kg/m ). For isolating
systems involving brackets, the brackets shall be designed to suit the particular product characteristics.
The landing shall be provided with two brackets that are supported by the reference wall, and two further
brackets that are supported by the auxiliary wall (otherwise, the landing is to be extended so that it rests
on the auxiliary wall up to the rear edge over its full width). The dimensions of a reference landing are
shown in Figure 4.
For systems involving a pin attachment (e.g. spike systems made of steel), two points of connection to the
reference wall are to be provided in accordance with the particular product characteristics. For
supporting the landing on the auxiliary wall, the same isolating elements as for the connection to the
reference wall shall be used.
For isolating systems not involving any brackets, where the landing is in contact with the isolating
element over its full width, the main landing dimensions (for placement on the reference wall and on the
auxiliary wall) shall be extended accordingly.
Reference landings shall be provided with openings or recesses or other means of connection, where
appropriate, for fitting them to any isolated reference flights under test (Figure 1).
NOTE Depending on the isolating system to be tested, it can be expedient to prepare two reference landings,
one each for the isolated connection and for the rigid connection.
Dimensions in millimetres
General tolerances: ISO 2768-1
Figure 4 — Dimensions of a reference landing (standard configuration)
Modifications of the standard configuration may be required for testing other isolating systems for heavy
landings than the ones described above. In this case the modifications shall be described in detail in the
test report.
5.7 Reference flight
The reference flight shall be made of reinforced concrete (of density ≥ 2 000 kg/m ) and shall have eight
steps, a width of (1 000 ± 10) mm and a slab thickness of (160 ± 5) mm. The rise height shall be
(175 ± 5) mm and the width for steps nos. 1 to 7 shall be (270 ± 5) mm (see Figure 5). The width of step
no. 8 shall be big enough to permit excitation by the standard tapping machine and the application of
additional loads. The dimensions of a reference flight are shown in Figure 5. The connection between
flight and landing (e.g. brackets) shall be designed to suit the particular product characteristics of the
isolating element to be tested.
Dimensions in millimetres
General tolerances: ISO 2768-1
Figure 5 — Dimensions of reference flight (standard configuration)
5.8 Lightweight stair (system)
A lightweight stair (system) is defined by its specific construction details including all stair components
(steps, string board, handrail etc.) and eventually isolating elements at the contacts to the building. The
ground plan is not clearly characteristic for a stair (system) but affects the sound transmission and
therefore the test results. For comparison purposes, the ground plan of the lightweight stair (system) to
be tested shall preferably be straight. A one winded ground plan shall be preferred from a two winded
ground plan. The lightweight stair (system) including all components shall be described in detail in the
test report.
6 Test arrangement
6.1 General
Two horizontally adjacent rooms shall be used, one serving as the “source room” and the other as the
“receiving room”. Both rooms are separated by the reference wall (see 5.2).
For determination of the landing impact sound pressure level reduction, a heavy landing (reference
landing; see 5.6) shall be installed on the reference wall with isolating elements. For determination of the
landing impact sound pressure level difference a rigid connection of the reference landing to the
reference wall is required additionally. For determination of the flight impact sound pressure level
reduction, a heavy flight (reference flight; see 5.7) shall be installed on the reference landing and the
reference lower floor with isolating elements. For determination of the flight impact sound pressure level
difference a rigid connection of the reference flight to the reference landing is required additionally.
For determination of the impact sound pressure level reduction of a lightweight stair, the stair system
(see. 5.8) shall be installed on the reference wall (if the system involves wall contacts), reference lower
floor and reference upper floor possibly with isolating elements.
The method for isolated landings applies to precast and in situ concrete elements with cast-in-place
brackets (i.e. brackets that have been concreted on the landing) that rest on the building wall. For other
types of landing support (e.g. spike systems made of steel), the method may be applied analogously. The
method for isolated stair flights applies to precast and in situ concrete elements that rest on landing
brackets. For other types of flight support, as in cases where the flights including their isolating elements
are fixed to the landing by concreting, the method may be applied analogously.
6.2 Erecting the reference wall
The reference wall shall be erected as specified in EN ISO 10140-5.
6.3 Isolated installation of reference landing
The test arrangement shall be as illustrated in Figure 6.
Installation of the reference landing, together with the isolating elements under test, shall be as it is
common practice in buildings and in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions using all isolating
and connecting elements of the isolating system. If the system includes joint panels in the gaps between
landing and wall, the contact pressure shall be as usual in buildings.
Any remaining openings or recesses in the reference wall shall be bricked up using the same masonry
units as were used for the wall, any remaining cavities being completely closed or filled with concrete if
a concrete wall is used. Prior to testing, an adequate time for hardening shall be permitted. The support
of the landing on the auxiliary wall shall be with the same isolating elements under test as for the support
in the reference wall.
The landing shall be positioned so that the distance to the lower floor is ≥ 1 000 mm and that to the
flanking walls of the reference wall, is ≥ 500 mm.
Key
1 reference wall
2 reference landing
3 auxiliary wall
Figure 6 — Illustration of test arrangement for isolated installation of a heavy landing
6.4 Rigid installation of reference landing
For the determination of the impact sound pressure level difference for landing isolating elements and
the impact sound pressure level difference and the impact sound pressure level reduction for flight
isolating elements, a rigid installation of the reference landing to the reference wall is required. For this
purpose, the reference landing is to be rigidly connected to the reference wall over its full width to a depth
of at least 150 mm as it is common practice in buildings. Any remaining openings or recesses in the
reference wall shall be bricked up using the same masonry units as were used for the wall, any remaining
cavities being completely closed with mortar or filled with concrete if a concrete wall is used. Prior to
testing, an adequate time for hardening shall be permitted. The support on the auxiliary wall shall be on
bituminous paperboard.
6.5 Isolated installation of reference flight
The test arrangement shall be as illustrated in Figure 7.
The reference landing shall be installed according to 6.4. Installation of the reference flight, together with
the isolating elements under test, shall be as it is common practice in building and in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions using all isolating and con
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