EN 13673-2:2005
(Main)Determination of maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise of gases and vapours - Part 2: Determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise
Determination of maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise of gases and vapours - Part 2: Determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise
The standard test method is designed to produce measurements of the rate of explosion pressure rise and the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise of a flammable gas/air/inert mixture in a closed volume at ambient temperature and pressure. In this European Standard, the term "gas" includes vapours but not mists. Detonation and decomposition phenomena are not considered in this European Standard.
The rates of pressure rise measured by the procedures specified in this European Standard are not applicable to flameproof enclosures, that is enclosures intended to withstand an internal explosion and not to transmit it to an external explosive atmosphere, or any other closed volume where the internal geometry can result in pressure piling. Even in an enclosure of relatively simple geometry the disposition of the internal components can lead to rates of pressure rise significantly higher than those measured using this European Standard. Flameproof enclosures shall be constructed and tested in accordance with the requirements contained in EN 60079-1 for electrical equipment and EN 13463-3 for non-electrical equipment.
Verfahren zur Bestimmung des maximalen Explosionsdruckes und des maximalen zeitlichen Druckanstieges für Gase und Dämpfe - Teil 2: Bestimmungsverfahren für den maximalen zeitlichen Druckanstieg
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren fest zum Bestimmen des zeitlichen Druckanstieges und des maximalen zeitlichen Druckanstieges von Gemischen aus brennbaren Gasen, Luft und Inertgas in einem geschlossenen Behälter bei Umgebungsbedingungen. In dieser Europäischen Norm schließt ”Gas” auch Dämpfe ein, jedoch nicht Nebel. Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Bedingungen, unter denen Detonations- bzw. Zersetzungsphänomene auftreten können.
Die nach den in dieser Europäische Norm festgelegten Verfahren ermittelten zeitlichen Druckanstiege können nicht Grundlage für die Schutzart druckfeste Kapselung sein. Druckfeste Kapselung ist ausgelegt, Explosionen im Inneren von Betriebsmitteln standzuhalten und so den Zünddurchschlag zu verhindern in äußere explosionsfähige Atmosphäre oder in ein umschlossenes Volumen, dessen Einbauten zu Drucksteigerung führen können. Selbst in relativ einfachen Geometrien können Einbauten zu deutlich höheren als nach dieser Europäische Norm bestimmten zeitlichen Druckanstiegen führen. Druckfeste Kapselung für elektrische Betriebsmittel muss nach EN 60079-1 und für nicht-elektrische Betriebsmittel nach EN 13463-3 ausgelegt und geprüft sein.
Détermination de la pression maximale d'explosion et de la vitesse maximale de montée en pression des gaz et des vapeurs - Partie 2: Détermination de la vitesse maximale de montée en pression
La méthode d'essai normalisée est conçue pour fournir des mesures de la vitesse de montée en pression et
de la vitesse maximale de montée en pression d'un mélange combustible/air/gaz inerte, dans un volume clos,
à température et pression ambiantes. Les phénomènes d�explosion et de décomposition ne sont pas pris en
compte dans la présente Norme européenne.
Les vitesses de montée en pression mesurées selon les modes opératoires spécifiés dans la présente norme
ne sont pas applicables aux enveloppes antidéflagrantes, c�est-à-dire aux enveloppes destinées à résister à
une explosion interne et à ne pas la transmettre à l�atmosphère explosive externe ou à tout autre volume
fermé où la géométrie interne peut entraîner une accumulation de pression. Même dans une enveloppe dont
la géométrie est relativement simple, la disposition des éléments internes peut conduire à des vitesses de
montée en pression nettement supérieures à celles mesurées selon le présente document. Les enveloppes
antidéflagrantes doivent être construites et soumises à essai conformément aux exigences de l�EN 60079-1
pour le matériel électrique et à l�EN 13463-3 pour le matériel non électrique.
Ugotavljanje najvišjega tlaka eksplozije in največje hitrosti naraščanja tlaka plinov in hlapov - 2. del: Ugotavljanje največje hitrosti naraščanja tlaka eksplozije
General Information
- Status
- Withdrawn
- Publication Date
- 27-Sep-2005
- Withdrawal Date
- 02-Aug-2011
- Current Stage
- 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
- Start Date
- 03-Aug-2011
- Completion Date
- 03-Aug-2011
- Directive
- 98/37/EC - Machinery
Relations
- Effective Date
- 06-Aug-2011
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 13673-2:2005 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Determination of maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise of gases and vapours - Part 2: Determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise". This standard covers: The standard test method is designed to produce measurements of the rate of explosion pressure rise and the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise of a flammable gas/air/inert mixture in a closed volume at ambient temperature and pressure. In this European Standard, the term "gas" includes vapours but not mists. Detonation and decomposition phenomena are not considered in this European Standard. The rates of pressure rise measured by the procedures specified in this European Standard are not applicable to flameproof enclosures, that is enclosures intended to withstand an internal explosion and not to transmit it to an external explosive atmosphere, or any other closed volume where the internal geometry can result in pressure piling. Even in an enclosure of relatively simple geometry the disposition of the internal components can lead to rates of pressure rise significantly higher than those measured using this European Standard. Flameproof enclosures shall be constructed and tested in accordance with the requirements contained in EN 60079-1 for electrical equipment and EN 13463-3 for non-electrical equipment.
The standard test method is designed to produce measurements of the rate of explosion pressure rise and the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise of a flammable gas/air/inert mixture in a closed volume at ambient temperature and pressure. In this European Standard, the term "gas" includes vapours but not mists. Detonation and decomposition phenomena are not considered in this European Standard. The rates of pressure rise measured by the procedures specified in this European Standard are not applicable to flameproof enclosures, that is enclosures intended to withstand an internal explosion and not to transmit it to an external explosive atmosphere, or any other closed volume where the internal geometry can result in pressure piling. Even in an enclosure of relatively simple geometry the disposition of the internal components can lead to rates of pressure rise significantly higher than those measured using this European Standard. Flameproof enclosures shall be constructed and tested in accordance with the requirements contained in EN 60079-1 for electrical equipment and EN 13463-3 for non-electrical equipment.
EN 13673-2:2005 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.230 - Explosion protection; 75.160.30 - Gaseous fuels. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 13673-2:2005 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 15967:2011. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 13673-2:2005 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 94/9/EC, 98/37/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/079, M/BC/CEN/92/46. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Verfahren zur Bestimmung des maximalen Explosionsdruckes und des maximalen zeitlichen Druckanstieges für Gase und Dämpfe - Teil 2: Bestimmungsverfahren für den maximalen zeitlichen DruckanstiegDétermination de la pression maximale d'explosion et de la vitesse maximale de montée en pression des gaz et des vapeurs - Partie 2: Détermination de la vitesse maximale de montée en pressionDetermination of maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise of gases and vapours - Part 2: Determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise13.230Varstvo pred eksplozijoExplosion protectionICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13673-2:2005SIST EN 13673-2:2006en,fr,de01-februar-2006SIST EN 13673-2:2006SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13673-2September 2005ICS 13.230; 75.160.30 English VersionDetermination of maximum explosion pressure and themaximum rate of pressure rise of gases and vapours - Part 2:Determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure riseDétermination de la pression maximale d'explosion et de lavitesse maximale de montée en pression des gaz et desvapeurs - Partie 2: Détermination de la vitesse maximalede montée en pressionVerfahren zur Bestimmung des maximalenExplosionsdruckes und des maximalen zeitlichenDruckanstieges für Gase und Dämpfe - Teil 2:Bestimmungsverfahren für den maximalen zeitlichenDruckanstiegThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 August 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13673-2:2005: ESIST EN 13673-2:2006
Verification.15 Annex B (normative)
Smoothing of pressure-time curves.18 Annex C (informative)
Conversion of the values for the flammable substance content.22 Annex D (informative)
Example of an evaporator equipment for liquid flammable substances.26 Annex E (informative)
Example of a test report.27 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directives 94/9/EC and 98/37/EC.29 Bibliography.30 Figures Figure A.A1 — Plot of the rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)ex as a function of the test vessel volume V for H2-air mixtures (xH2 ≅ 35 mol %).16 Figure A.A2 — Plot of the rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)ex as a function of the test vessel volume V for CH4-air mixtures (xCH4 ≅ 10 mol %).16 Figure A.A3 — Plot of the rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)ex as a function of the test vessel volume V for NH3-air mixtures (xNH3 ≅ 23 mol %).17 Figure B.B1 — Example of a raw p(t) curve showing oscillations.19 Figure B.B2 — Example of a raw p(t) curve showing oscillations.20 Figure B.B3 — Schematic diagram showing the variation of (dp/dt)ex as a function of a smoothing parameter.21 Figure D.D1 — Evaporator equipment for producting test mixtures from liquid flammable substances.26 Tables Table 1 — Rules for rounding up (dp/dt)ex and (dp/dt)max values.13 SIST EN 13673-2:2006
1 Scope The standard test method is designed to produce measurements of the rate of explosion pressure rise and the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise of a flammable gas/air/inert mixture in a closed volume at ambient temperature and pressure. In this European Standard, the term "gas" includes vapours but not mists. Detonation and decomposition phenomena are not considered in this European Standard. The rates of pressure rise measured by the procedures specified in this European Standard are not applicable to flameproof enclosures, that is enclosures intended to withstand an internal explosion and not to transmit it to an external explosive atmosphere, or any other closed volume where the internal geometry can result in pressure piling.
Even in an enclosure of relatively simple geometry the disposition of the internal components can lead to rates of pressure rise significantly higher than those measured using this European Standard. Flameproof enclosures shall be constructed and tested in accordance with the requirements contained in EN 60079-1 for electrical equipment and EN 13463-3 for non-electrical equipment. 2 Normative references Not applicable. 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)ex highest value of the slope (first derivative) of the pressure-time curve (smoothed if necessary), measured in a closed vessel during the explosion of a specific mixture of flammable gases with air or air and inert gases determined under specified test conditions 3.2 maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)max maximum value of the rate of explosion pressure rise, when varying the content of flammable gas in the mixture NOTE For the purpose of this document, all pressures are expressed in bar absolute and rate of explosion pressure rises are expressed in bar/s. 4 Test method 4.1 Principle An explosive test mixture is ignited by a defined ignition source which is positioned in the centre of the test vessel. By means of a pressure measuring system, the pressure-time curve developed following ignition of the test mixture is recorded and the highest rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)ex is calculated. The maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)max is determined from measurements of the highest rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)max by varying stepwise the content of flammable gas in the mixture, until the maximum (dp/dt)ex is found. SIST EN 13673-2:2006
4.4.2.1 Test procedure If the test mixture is not prepared in the test vessel, the vessel and all the feed lines shall be evacuated and filled with test mixture to the initial pressure. Alternatively, the test vessel may be filled by purging with the test mixture. Evacuation of the test vessel and the feeding lines shall be done to a pressure of 5 mbar or less. Before filling, purging shall be done in such a way that the test vessel atmosphere is totally replaced. This is achieved by purging with a volume that is at least ten times the vessel volume. Once the test mixture has been introduced into the test vessel, the inlet and outlet valves shall be closed. The test mixture shall be left for a period of at least two minutes to ensure it is quiescent before proceeding with the test. The pressure and temperature of the test mixture are recorded. The test mixture is then ignited and the pressure-time curve of the explosion recorded. After the test, the vessel shall be purged with air to remove the combustion products. The combustion products and purge air shall be discharged safely. Before purging begins, any residual overpressure shall be released. The humidity of the gas mixture can influence the rate of pressure rise, so it is important to ensure that the test vessel and feed lines have been purged of all moisture before starting the next test. If soot is formed during the test, the test vessel and the igniter shall be cleaned. 4.4.2.2 Determination of (dp/dt)ex The whole test procedure shall be carried out five times for the given composition of the test mixture. The highest (dp/dt)ex on each of the five pressure-time curves is determined by the following method. The pressure-time plot from each test is differentiated to obtain the highest value of the slope (first derivative) for each test. In many cases it may be first necessary to smooth the raw pressure-time data, otherwise erroneous values of the slope may be calculated. Advice on smoothing techniques can be found in Annex B. The rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)ex is the highest value of the slope der
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EN 13673-2:2005規格は、爆発圧上昇率及び最大爆発圧上昇率の測定方法を提供する詳細な文書です。この規格の主な目的は、可燃性ガス・空気・不活性混合物における爆発圧の上昇率を、閉じた容積内の常温・常圧で測定することです。この点において、規格は安全性を確保するために必要な重要な情報を提供するものとして高く評価されます。 この規格の強みは、特に「ガス」という用語の定義において、蒸気を含むがミストは含まないという明確な区分を設けている点です。この特定の定義により、混合物の性質に応じた適切な測定が可能となります。また、爆発現象や分解現象がこの規格の範囲外であることを明確にしており、測定結果の解釈に対する誤解を避けることに貢献しています。 さらに、この規格はフレームプルーフエンクロージャーに対しては適用されないことが明記されており、内部の幾何学的配置によって圧力上昇率が異なる可能性があるため、特定の条件下での測定結果の解釈において重要な注意事項となります。このような規定は、フレームプルーフエンクロージャーの構造及び試験が、EN 60079-1やEN 13463-3の要件に基づいて行われるべきであることを強調しており、業界の安全基準を維持するために役立つものとなっています。 全体として、EN 13673-2:2005規格は、可燃性ガスおよびその混合物に関する爆発圧上昇率の測定方法を確立し、安全性の向上に寄与しており、事故防止のために必須のものとされています。その妥当性と関連性は、工業界における実用的な適用において明らかです。
The standard EN 13673-2:2005 is a critical document for those engaged in the determination of the maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise of flammable gases and vapours. Its scope encompasses the measurement of the rate of explosion pressure rise within a closed volume under controlled ambient conditions. This is particularly relevant for safety assessments in environments where flammable gas mixtures are present. One of the primary strengths of this standard is its methodical approach to producing reliable measurements that can inform safety protocols and risk assessments. The clarity in defining its focus on gas mixtures, while specifically excluding mists and addressing detonation and decomposition phenomena as outside its purview, underscores its targeted applicability. Furthermore, the standard critically notes that the procedures outlined should not be applied to flameproof enclosures designed to withstand internal explosions without transmitting them externally. This distinction is crucial as it safeguards equipment and personnel by ensuring the appropriate methodologies are applied under relevant conditions. The relevance of EN 13673-2:2005 extends beyond theoretical evaluations; it provides practical guidance for industries where gas and vapour hazards are a concern, facilitating safer operational environments. Moreover, the requirement for adherence to supplementary standards, such as EN 60079-1 and EN 13463-3 for flameproof enclosures, reinforces the rigorous safety measures that must be in place when working with flammable substances. Overall, the EN 13673-2:2005 standard stands out for its comprehensive scope and its emphasis on precise measurement methodologies, making it an indispensable reference for professionals aiming to mitigate explosion risks associated with gas and vapour mixtures.
EN 13673-2:2005 표준은 가연성 가스/공기/비활성 혼합물의 폭발 압력 상승 속도 및 최대 폭발 압력 상승 속도를 측정하기 위한 시험 방법을 제공합니다. 이 표준의 주요 강점은 안전한 작업 환경을 유지하며 위험을 평가할 수 있도록 설계된 체계적인 접근 방식을 제시한다는 점입니다. 표준에서 다루는 '가스'라는 용어는 증기를 포함하지만 안개는 포함하지 않아, 폭발 위험성을 명확히 구분합니다. 해당 표준은 폭발 압력 상승 속도 측정을 통해 가연성 혼합물의 안전성을 확인할 수 있어 산업 현장에서 매우 중요한 역할을 합니다. EN 13673-2:2005에서는 특정 조건, 즉 폐쇄된 공간에서의 실온 및 압력에서 측정이 이루어진다고 명시하여, 실제 환경에서의 적용 가능성을 높입니다. 그러나 이 표준으로 측정된 압력 상승 속도는 내부 폭발을 견딜 수 있는 플레임프루프 인클로저나 내부 기하학이 압력 누적을 초래할 수 있는 폐쇄 공간에 적용되지 않으므로, 사용자는 이를 유념해야 합니다. 또한, 이 표준은 폭발 현상에 대한 적절한 요건을 파악하고, 가연성 혼합물의 안전성을 평가하는 데 중요한 정보를 제공하여, 폭발 관련 산업에서 안전 관리 및 연구 개발에 필수적인 자료로 기능합니다. 이러한 점에서 EN 13673-2:2005는 폭발 압력 상승 속도를 결정하기 위한 기준으로서의 중요성과 적합성을 잘 보여줍니다.
La norme EN 13673-2:2005 est essentielle pour la détermination de la pression d'explosion maximale ainsi que du taux maximal de montée de la pression d'explosion des mélanges gaz/air/inertes dans un volume clos. Son champ d'application est clairement défini, précisant que les mesures doivent être effectuées à température et pression ambiantes, ce qui en fait un outil pertinent pour les professionels du secteur de la sécurité. L'inclusion des vapeurs dans la définition de « gaz » élargit le champ d'utilisation de cette norme, bien qu'elle exclue explicitement les brouillards, ce qui renforce sa pertinence dans des contextes industriels spécifiques. Un des points forts de cette norme est sa méthodologie rigoureuse qui permet d'obtenir des mesures précises du taux de montée de pression. Cela est crucial pour évaluer les risques associés aux mélanges explosifs et pour développer des stratégies de prévention efficaces. Toutefois, il est important de noter que les taux de montée de pression mesurés ne s'appliquent pas aux enclosures anti-explosion destinées à résister à une explosion interne, ce qui souligne la nécessité de respecter d'autres normes telles que EN 60079-1 et EN 13463-3 pour les équipements électriques et non électriques. Cette norme offre ainsi une base solide pour les évaluations de sécurité tout en reconnaissant les limitations liées à sa portée. Sa concentration sur des conditions spécifiques d'expérimentation et sur des mises en garde contre les risques associés à des géométries internes complexes contribue à la sécurité globale des installations utilisant des gaz combustibles. En résumé, la norme EN 13673-2:2005 constitue un outil précieux pour le secteur de la sécurité industrielle, permettant d'obtenir des données cruciales pour la prévention des explosions.
Die Norm EN 13673-2:2005 beschreibt ein wichtiges Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des maximalen Explosionsdrucks und der maximalen Druckanstiegsrate von brennbaren Gasen sowie deren Dampf-Gemischen in einem geschlossenen Volumen unter Umgebungsbedingungen. Dieser spezifische Standard ist von erheblicher Bedeutung für die Sicherheit im Umgang mit gasförmigen Stoffen und trägt entscheidend zur Risikominderung in der Industrie bei. Die Stärken dieser Norm liegen in ihrer klaren Methodik zur Messung der Druckanstiegsrate, was eine präzise und zuverlässige Bewertung der Explosionsgefahr ermöglicht. Der Fokus auf brennbare Gase und Dämpfe, ausgenommen Nebel, gewährleistet, dass die angewandten Verfahren für die am häufigsten vorkommenden gefährlichen Situationen optimal geeignet sind. Diese standardisierte Vorgehensweise hilft nicht nur, das Verständnis von Explosionen zu vertiefen, sondern verbessert auch die Sicherheit von Arbeitsplätzen, an denen solche Materialien verwendet oder gelagert werden. Ein weiterer Pluspunkt ist die Relevanz der Norm für die Industrie, insbesondere in den Bereichen, wo mit potentiell explosiven Atmosphären gearbeitet wird. Obwohl die Norm keine Anwendung auf druckfeste Gehäuse findet, ist sie trotzdem ein essentielles Instrument für die Risikobewertung und präventive Maßnahmen. Die klare Abgrenzung zu den Anforderungen an flammsichere Gehäuse gemäß EN 60079-1 und EN 13463-3 zeigt die Notwendigkeit einer kombinierten Anwendung dieser Standards für die Gesamtsicherheit. Zusammenfassend bietet die EN 13673-2:2005 eine strukturierte und verlässliche Grundlage zur Bewertung der Explosionseigenschaften von Gasen und Dämpfen, was ihre Bedeutung in sicherheitsrelevanten Anwendungen unterstreicht.
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