EN ISO 12211:2012

Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Spiral plate heat exchangers (ISO 12211:2012)

ISO 12211:2012 specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the mechanical design, materials selection, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of spiral plate heat exchangers for the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
ISO 12211:2012 is applicable to stand‑alone spiral plate heat exchangers and those integral with a pressure vessel.

Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Spiralförmige Wärmetauscher (ISO 12211:2012)

N/A

Industries du pétrole, de la pétrochimie et du gaz naturel - Échangeurs thermiques à plaques en spirale (ISO 12211:2012)

L'ISO 12211:2012 spécifie les exigences et fournit des recommandations pour la conception mécanique, le choix des matériaux, la fabrication, le contrôle, les essais et la préparation à l'expédition des échangeurs thermiques à plaques en spirale utilisés dans les industries du pétrole, de la pétrochimie et du gaz naturel.
L'ISO 12211:2012 est applicable aux échangeurs thermiques à plaques en spirale autonomes, ainsi qu'aux échangeurs associés à un récipient sous pression.

Petrokemična industrija ter industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Špiralni toplotni izmenjevalniki (ISO 12211:2012)

Ta mednarodni standard podaja zahteve in priporočila v zvezi z mehanskim načrtovanjem, izbiro materialov, izdelavo, nadzorom, pregledom ter pripravo za pošiljanje špiralnih toplotnih izmenjevalnikov za petrokemično industrijo ter industrijo za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina. Uporablja se za samostojne špiralne toplotne izmenjevalnike in izmenjevalnike z vgrajeno tlačno posodo.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2012
• Withdrawal Date: 27-Feb-2013
• ICS: 27.060.30 - Boilers and heat exchangers
• ICS: 71.120.30 - Heat exchangers
• ICS: 75.180.20 - Processing equipment
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 12 - Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 12 - Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 01-Aug-2012
• Completion Date: 01-Aug-2012
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 12211:2012 - Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Spiral plate heat exchangers (ISO 12211:2012)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2012
3HWURNHPLþQDLQGXVWULMDWHULQGXVWULMD]DSUHGHODYRQDIWHLQ]HPHOMVNHJDSOLQD
âSLUDOQLWRSORWQLL]PHQMHYDOQLNL,62
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Spiral plate heat exchangers (ISO
12211:2012)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - spiralförmige Wärmetauscher (ISO 12211:2012)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Échangeurs thermiques à plaques en spirale
(ISO 12211:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12211:2012
ICS:
71.120.30 Prenosniki toplote Heat exchangers
75.180.20 Predelovalna oprema Processing equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 12211
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2012
ICS 27.060.30; 75.180.20
English Version
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Spiral
plate heat exchangers (ISO 12211:2012)
Industries du pétrole, de la pétrochimie et du gaz naturel - Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Spiralförmige
Échangeurs thermiques à plaques en spirale (ISO Wärmeaustauscher (ISO 12211:2012)
12211:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 April 2012.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 12211:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 12211:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 "Materials,
equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries" in collaboration
with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum,
petrochemical and natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by February 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 12211:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 12211:2012 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12211
First edition
2012-08-01
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas
industries — Spiral plate heat exchangers
Industries du pétrole, de la pétrochimie et du gaz naturel — Échangeurs
thermiques à plaques en spirale

Reference number
ISO 12211:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
ISO 12211:2012(E)
©  ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56  CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 12211:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1  Scope . 1
2  Normative reference . 1
3  Terms and definitions . 1
4  General . 4
5  Proposal information required . 5
6  Drawings and other data requirements . 5
6.1  Outline drawings and other supporting data. 5
6.2  Information required after outline drawings are reviewed . 6
6.3  Reports and records . 7
7  Design . 8
7.1  General . 8
7.2  Design temperatures . 8
7.3  Design pressure . 8
7.4  Fouling margin . 8
7.5  Corrosion allowance . 8
7.6  Components . 9
7.7  Supports . 14
7.8  Cover gaskets . 14
7.9  Handling devices . 15
8  Materials . 15
8.1  General . 15
8.2  Requirements for carbon steel in sour or wet hydrogen sulfide service . 16
8.3  Cover gaskets . 16
9  Fabrication . 16
9.1  Welding . 16
9.2  Heat treatment . 17
9.3  Gasket contact surfaces other than nozzle flange facings . 17
10  Inspection and testing . 17
10.1  Quality assurance . 17
10.2  Quality control . 18
10.3  Pressure testing . 19
10.4  Nameplates . 19
11  Preparation for shipment . 20
11.1  Protection . 20
11.2  Identification . 20
Annex A (informative) Recommended practice . 21
Annex B (informative) Spiral plate heat exchanger checklist . 27
Annex C (informative) Spiral plate heat exchanger data sheets . 28
Bibliography . 37

ISO 12211:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12211 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures
for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 6, Processing equipment and
systems.
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 12211:2012(E)
Introduction
It is necessary that users of this International Standard be aware that further or differing requirements can be
needed for individual applications. This International Standard is not intended to inhibit a vendor from offering,
or the purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions for the individual application.
This can be particularly applicable where there is an innovative or developing technology. Where an
alternative is offered, it is the responsibility of the vendor to identify any variations from this International
Standard and provide details.
This International Standard requires the purchaser to specify certain details and features.
A bullet () at the beginning of a clause or subclause indicates a requirement for the purchaser to make a
decision or provide information (for information, a checklist is provided in Annex B).
In this International Standard, where practical, US Customary (USC) or other units are included in
parentheses for information.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12211:2012(E)

Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Spiral
plate heat exchangers
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the mechanical design,
materials selection, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of spiral plate heat
exchangers for the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
It is applicable to stand-alone spiral plate heat exchangers and those integral with a pressure vessel.
2 Normative reference
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 15156 (all parts), Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H S-containing
environments in oil and gas production
1)
NACE MR0103 Materials Resistant to Sulfide Stress Cracking in Corrosive Petroleum Refining Environments
NACE SP0472, Methods and Controls to Prevent In-Service Environmental Cracking of Carbon Steel
Weldments in Corrosive Petroleum Refining Environments
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
alternate channels welded
ACW
channel closures seal-welded at alternate edges such that each chamber is accessible by removing the
corresponding hot or cold side end cover
3.2
centre core
distribution chamber at the centre of the spiral exchanger
3.3
channel
spiral passage formed by strips of metal rolled around a centre core within an outer shell

1) NACE International, P.O. Box 218340, Houston, TX 77218-8340, USA.
ISO 12211:2012(E)
3.4
channel closure
configuration to seal the edge of the internal spiral plate
3.5
spiral plate length
spiral passage length
length of strip(s) in the spiral direction corresponding to the length of each spiral passage
3.6
channel spacing
distance or gap between adjacent spiral plates
3.7
channel width
spiral plate width
width of the strip or plate from which the spiral body is rolled
3.8
clamp-bolting
peripheral hook style bolting used to seal the end cover to the flange ring
NOTE 1 Flange-style bolting and cover design are also possible with stud-bolts and double nuts.
NOTE 2 See Figure 1.
Key
1 end cover 5 flange ring
2 liner (for stainless steel or higher) 6 spiral body
3 full-face sheet gasket 7 U-bracket clip
4 cover ring 8 clamp bolt
Figure 1 — Typical cover clamp-bolting
3.9
cover ring
metal ring welded or integral to the outside face of the end cover that serves as a retaining (grab) ring for the
clamp portion of the end cover
3.10
cyclic service
process operation with periodic variation in temperature, pressure and/or flowrate
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 12211:2012(E)
3.11
distribution manifold
pocket
semi-cylindrical manifold welded to outer shell that allows a fluid to enter or leave the spiral body through
corresponding nozzles in the shell
3.12
end cover
cover that seals the fluids in their respective chambers and prevent external leakage
3.13
exchanger orientation
orientation of the cylindrical axis (centre core) of the spiral plate heat exchanger
3.14
heat transfer area
surface area of one side of the spiral plate that is in contact with both hot and cold fluids
NOTE 1 Where multiple plates are used for the channel, then the total area of spiral plates is used to form the spiral
body. This equates to the channel width multiplied by the strip length multiplied by the number of strips.
NOTE 2 Areas of outer shell plate and spacer studs are not included.
3.15
hydrogen service
service that contains hydrogen at a partial pressure exceeding 700 kPa (100 psi) absolute
3.16
item number
purchaser’s identification number for a spiral plate heat exchanger
3.17
minimum design metal temperature
lowest metal temperature at which pressure-containing elements can be subjected to design pressure
EXAMPLE Minimum ambient temperature or minimum process fluid temperature.
3.18
outer shell
outermost plate welded to the internal spiral plates as the pressure boundary for the spiral body
3.19
pressure design code
recognized pressure vessel standard specified or agreed by the purchaser
EXAMPLES ASME BPVC Section VIII, EN 13445 (all parts).
3.20
flange ring
sealing ring
solid metal ring welded to each end of the spiral body to provide the sealing surface for the gasket, designed
to compress the cover and gasket securely against the spiral body using bolts
3.21
spacer stud
pin welded to one spiral plate used to maintain channel spacing
3.22
spiral plate
sheet(s) of metal rolled around a centre core to form a spiral passage
ISO 12211:2012(E)
3.23
structural welding code
recognized structural welding code specified or agreed by the purchaser
4 General
 4.1 The pressure design code shall be specified or agreed by the purchaser. Pressure components shall
comply with the pressure design code and the supplemental requirements in this International Standard.
 4.2 The vendor shall comply with the applicable local regulations specified by the purchaser.
4.3 Typical components of a spiral heat exchanger are shown in Figure 2.
4.4 Annex A includes some recommended mechanical and design details for information.
4.5 Annex B provides a checklist that can be used by the purchaser to ensure that bulletted items in this
International Standard are addressed.
 4.6 The purchaser shall specify if the service is designated as sour in accordance with ISO 15156 (all parts)
for oil and gas production facilities and natural gas sweetening plants, or designated as wet hydrogen sulfide
service in accordance with NACE MR0103 for other applications (e.g. petroleum refineries, LNG plants and
chemical plants), in which case all materials in contact with the process fluid shall meet the requirements of
the applicable standard to mitigate potential for sulfide stress cracking (SSC). Identification of the complete set
of materials, qualification, fabrication, and testing specifications to prevent in-service environmental cracking is
the responsibility of the user (purchaser).
NOTE For the purpose of this provision, NACE MR0175 is equivalent to ISO 15156 (all parts).

a)  Spiral flow both sides b)  Spiral flow, cross flow
Key
1 end cover 4 spiral plate 7 cover bolting 10 centre core
2 cover liner 5 distribution manifold 8 flange ring
3 end cover gasket 6 nozzle flange 9 shell flange
Figure 2 — Typical components of spiral plate heat exchangers
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 12211:2012(E)
5 Proposal information required
5.1 The vendor's proposal shall include, for each heat exchanger unit, completed data sheets such as those
given in Annex C.
5.2 For components not fully defined by Clause 3, the vendor shall describe the details of construction and
assembly.
5.3 The proposal shall include a detailed description of all exceptions to the requirements of the purchaser's
inquiry.
5.4 A proposal drawing shall be furnished that shows the major dimensions in plan and elevation, including
the nozzle sizes and their orientations, along with those for venting and draining, and approximate mass full of
water.
5.5 The vendor's proposal shall include details of the channel closure construction.
5.6 The vendor’s proposal shall include the type of supports.
5.7 The vendor shall supply a recommended spare parts list for each spiral plate heat exchanger.
6 Drawings and other data requirements
6.1 Outline drawings and other supporting data
6.1.1 The vendor shall submit, for review by the purchaser, outline drawings for each heat exchanger unit.
The drawings shall include the following information:
a) service, item number, project name and location, purchaser’s order number, vendor's shop order number
and other special identification numbers;
b) design pressure, test pressure, design temperature, minimum design metal temperature for each side,
and any restrictions on testing or operation of the heat exchanger;
c) maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) in the corroded condition and at the design temperature
for the hot side and cold side;
d) materials specifications and grades for all components;
e) where the heat exchanger is integral with or mounted on a pressure vessel, all mating dimensions, weld
preparation details, including connection to the centre core and flange dimensions, gasket and bolting
details;
f) connection sizes, location, orientation, projection, direction of flow and, if flanged, the rating and facing;
g) coupling sizes, rating and orientation;
h) dimensions, orientation and location of supports, including bolt holes and slots;
i) overall dimensions of the heat exchanger;
j) detailed information of the heat exchanger, including outer shell thickness, channel width, centre core
type, channel spacing and channel closure type (hot and cold sides), channel plate thickness (hot and
cold sides), spacer stud diameter and layout, end cover dimensions, shell flange dimensions, distribution
manifolds dimensions, cover bolting details, space required for removable components;
ISO 12211:2012(E)
k) mass of the heat exchanger, empty and full of water, and of removable components with a mass greater
than 25 kg (60 lb), e.g. end covers;
l) maximum allowable forces and moments on each connection;
m) specified corrosion allowance for each side of the heat exchanger;
n) references to the applicable code, standards, and the purchaser's specification;
o) requirements for post-weld heat treatment;
p) hardness test requirements;
q) requirements for non-destructive examination (NDE);
r) requirements for material impact testing;
s) requirements for surface preparation and painting;
t) gasket materials;
u) insulation thickness;
v) location and orientation of nameplates, lifting lugs, grounding clips or other attachments;
w) location of the centre of gravity of the empty exchanger. For units with hinged covers, the centre of gravity
shall be shown for one or both covers open.
6.1.2 The review of engineering documents by the purchaser shall not relieve the vendor of the
responsibility of meeting the requirements of the purchase order.
6.2 Information required after outline drawings are reviewed
6.2.1 Gasket details, including type and material, shall be provided. Details of any gasket jointing shall be
included (see 7.8.2). This information shall not be marked with any restrictions for use.
6.2.2 Upon receipt of the purchaser's review comments on the outline drawings, the vendor shall submit
copies of all detailed (non-proprietary) drawings. These shall fully describe the heat exchanger and shall
include at least the following information:
a) full views and cross-sectional views with all dimensions and materials sufficient for mechanical design
calculations for each part;
b) details of each pressure-retaining weld, including weld material, weld nominal thickness, weld location
and applicable non-destructive examination method;
c) details of each weld and weld nominal thickness for non-pressure attachments;
d) complete bills of materials, including the material specification;
e) details of cladding and weld overlay;
f) flange-face finish;
g) installation, operation and maintenance instructions (manual), including lifting and handling.
 6.2.3 If specified by the purchaser, the vendor shall furnish copies of applicable welding procedure
specifications, procedure qualifications and weld map for review or record.
6 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 12211:2012(E)
6.2.4 Where sour or wet hydrogen sulfide service is specified, a Certified Material Test Report (CMTR) for
all carbon steel materials in contact with the process fluid shall be supplied for the purchaser's review.
 6.2.5 If specified by the purchaser, the vendor shall furnish for the purchaser's review or record the following
documentation:
a) mechanical design calculations for all the heat exchanger pressure-retaining components. If calculations
are made using computer software, all input and output data shall be detailed so as to facilitate an
understanding of the calculation procedures. The equations in the applicable sections of the pressure
design code shall be referenced;
b) mechanical calculations shall be provided for deflection of the end covers;
c) design calculations based on seismic, wind, transportation and/or piping loads, if these loads are provided
by the purchaser;
d) recommended tools and proposed procedures for assembly of flanged joints, if controlled bolt-tightening
procedures (such as hydraulic torque wrenches or hydraulic tensioning devices) are used. Any required
lubricants shall be stated;
e) design calculations for loads imposed on nozzles of heat exchangers attached to a vertical vessel.
 6.2.6 The vendor shall submit design calculations for supports and lifting devices, if specified by the
purchaser.
6.2.7 After final review, the vendor shall revise all the required drawings and welding procedures and
submit each with the following text marked on every sheet separately and dated: “CERTIFIED FOR
CONSTRUCTION”.
6.3 Reports and records
 After the heat exchanger is completed, the vendor shall furnish the purchaser with the following documents in
the format and quantities specified by the purchaser:
a) “as-built” data sheet;
b) all outline and detail drawings, marked “CERTIFIED AS-BUILT”;
c) certified record of all impact tests performed;
d) certified mill test reports for all pressure parts, including channel plates (each material test report shall be
identified by a part number);
e) complete certified bill of materials suitable for obtaining all replacement parts, including quantity,
description, material specification and identification of each part;
f) temperature charts of all post-weld heat treatments;
g) completed manufacturer's data report in accordance with the pressure design code;
h) nameplate rubbing or a facsimile;
i) all mechanical design calculations, marked “CERTIFIED AS-BUILT”;
j) non-destructive examination (NDE) map;
k) all associated NDE reports, including radiographic, magnetic-particle, liquid-penetrant, ultrasonic,
hardness, impact, positive material identification (PMI) and any other reports as applicable;
l) hydrostatic test records in the form of a chart or certification.
ISO 12211:2012(E)
7 Design
7.1 General
 7.1.1 The purchaser shall specify if either stream is subject to any of the following: cyclic service; fluid
characteristics requiring special considerations (e.g. slurry, entrained particulates, other types of fouling
mechanisms); temperature, flowrate and/or pressure fluctuations.
7.1.2 If cyclic service is specified the purchaser shall specify the type and magnitude of variation in
pressure, temperature and flowrate, the time for the variation (hours, weeks, etc.) and the number of cycles or
frequency for this variation expected during the life of the equipment. The extent and acceptance criteria of
any required analysis shall be subject to the agreement of the purchaser. See A.3.1 for guidance on cyclic
service.
7.1.3 If fluids are specified as containing particulates, the purchaser shall specify the percentage of
particulates in the fluid and the particle size distribution to ensure the proper channel spacing is selected.
 7.1.4 The purchaser shall specify if internal mechanical cleaning or jetting (i.e. where a lance is inserted
within the channels) is required, in which case the minimum channel spacing shall be 10 mm (3/8 in) and the
stud layout shall be aligned to allow cleaning lanes.
7.1.5 The exchanger’s high and low points shall be capable of being vented and drained in the operating
position. The manufacturer shall advise if the equipment is not capable of being fully vented and drained.
7.1.6 A discussion on suitable configurations for spiral heat exchangers is included in A.3.2.
7.2 Design temperatures
 7.2.1 The purchaser shall specify the design temperature and minimum design metal temperature (MDMT)
for each side.
7.2.2 The design temperature of a component (including bolting) influenced by more than one fluid shall be
the more severe design temperature.
7.3 Design pressure
Unless otherwise specified or approved by the purchaser, the spiral plate heat exchanger shall be designed
for design pressure on either side, with atmospheric pressure or, if specified, vacuum on the other side.
7.4 Fouling margin
 The purchaser shall specify a percentage fouling margin, F, as given in Equation (1):
FUU 1100 (1)
 
clean service
where U is the heat transfer coefficient (overall thermal transmittance).
See A.3.3 for guidance on fouling margins.
7.5 Corrosion allowance
 7.5.1 Corrosion allowance shall be specified by the purchaser for material in contact with each process
fluid.
7.5.2 Corrosion allowance shall not be applied to the spiral plate and spacer studs unless specifically
required by the purchaser.
8 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 12211:2012(E)
7.6 Components
7.6.1 Spiral plate
7.6.1.1 The plate thicknesses and stud density (pitch) shall be designed for the higher design
temperature of either side. The plate thicknesses and stud density on each side shall take account of the
design pressure (or vacuum) on the other side. The stud density may be different on each side.
7.6.1.2 Spiral plate nominal thickness shall not be less than the following:
 for carbon steel and low alloys: 4 mm (3/16 in);
 for stainless steels, high alloys and titanium: 2 mm (14 US gauge).
7.6.1.3 The methodology for closing the channels shall be selected to suit the fluids. Typical closure
types are shown in Figure 3.
a)  Alternate channels with bent edge welded b)  One channel side with bent edge welded shut

c)  Alternate channels welded using bar closures d)  Fully welded using bar closures

e)  One side (hot side) welded using bar closures
Key
1 spiral plate I side one
2 cover plate II side two
Figure 3 — Typical designs for channel closure
ISO 12211:2012(E)
7.6.2 Centre core
The centre core can be either cylindrical (made from pipe) or split construction (rolled and welded plate or
wound type). See Figure 4.
a)  Rolled and welded centre core b)  Cylindrical centre core
Key
1 channel width
2 channel spacing, side I
3 channel spacing, side II
Figure 4 — Typical centre core types
7.6.3 Outer shell
The material of the shell shall be the same as the spiral plate unless otherwise approved by the purchaser.
7.6.4 Outer shell sealing
7.6.4.1 The shell shall be sealed by either shell flanges or flange rings.
7.6.4.2 When shell flange rings are used, they shall be sealed by the use of clamp bolts. Clamp bolts
shall be fixed to the shell.
7.6.4.3 The sealing surface of shell flanges and flange rings shall be of the same material type as the
shell.
7.6.4.4 When shell flanges are used they shall
a) be of the through bolt type;
b) have through-hardened washers for all bolting.
10 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 12211:2012(E)
 7.6.4.5 The purchaser shall specify if hydraulic bolt-tensioning or torquing devices will be used in the field
and the type of equipment or the required space shall be notified to the manufacturer. The manufacturer shall
design the flanges to allow adequate space for the use of the devices.
7.6.5 End covers
7.6.5.1 Match marks or dowels shall be provided to prevent mis-assembly of the covers.
 7.6.5.2 The purchaser shall specify the requirements for hinges, davits or other handling devices.
7.6.5.3 End covers with a liner shall have the liner continuously welded at nozzle openings. The liner
shall be at least 1,6 mm (1/16 in) thick.
7.6.5.4 The deflection of the end cover at design pressure and design temperature shall be no greater
than the uncompressed thickness of the gasket or 3 mm (1/8 in), whichever is the lesser. The effect of nozzle
loading shall be taken into account in this calculation.
7.6.6 Nozzles and other connections
7.6.6.1 Flanges shall be in accordance with the pressure design code unless otherwise specified by
purchaser.
7.6.6.2 Connections DN 40 (NPS 11/2) and larger shall be flanged unless otherwise specified by the
purchaser.
7.6.6.3 Connection sizes of DN 32 (NPS 1-1/4), DN 65 (NPS 2-1/2), DN 90 (NPS 3-1/2) or DN 125
(NPS 5) shall not be used.
7.6.6.4 If welded connections are specified, they shall be bevelled.
7.6.6.5 Non-flanged connections smaller than DN 40 (NPS 11/2) shall be forged couplings with an with
appropriate rating, for example equivalent to ASME B16.11 class 6000, or shall be integrally reinforced
welding fittings with appropriate tapered threads, for example equivalent to ASME B1.20.1, and shall comply
with the pressure design code. Threaded connections shall not be used in hydrogen, sour, or wet hydrogen
sulfide service. This includes auxiliary connections such as vents, drains, instrument connections and
chemical cleaning connections.
7.6.6.6 Flanged connections shall be of one of the following types:
a) forged integrally flanged;
b) pipe or forged cylinder welded to forged welding-neck flange;
c) pipe welded to a forged slip-on flange, except as noted in 7.6.6.7.
7.6.6.7 Slip-on flanges shall not be used in any of the following conditions:
a) for design pressure exceeding 2 100 kPa (ga) (300 psig);
b) for design temperature exceeding 400 °C (750 °F);
c) for corrosion allowance exceeding 3 mm (1/8 in);
d) in hydrogen service, sour, or wet hydrogen sulfide service;
e) in cyclic service.
ISO 12211:2012(E)
 7.6.6.8 The projection of flanged connections shall allow the removal of through-bolting from either side
of the flange without removing the insulation. The insulation thickness shall be specified by the purchaser.
7.6.6.9 Integrally reinforced nozzles shall be designed so that standard spanners (wrenches) fit the nuts
without interference from nozzle neck reinforcement.
7.6.6.10 All bolt holes for flanged connections shall straddle centrelines.
7.6.6.11 Alloy nozzles, including any connections fitted into the nozzle necks, shall be solid, lined or clad,
as approved by the purchaser.
7.6.6.12 If chemical cleaning connections are specified by the purchaser, their nominal size shall be not
less than DN 50 (NPS 2).
7.6.6.13 The heat exchanger, in its design corroded condition, shall be capable of withstanding the
simultaneous application of the moments and forces applied to its process connections, as defined in Figure 5
and Tables 1, 2 and 3. Table 1 shall be used where the connection is located on a distribution manifold or
where it is on a centrally bolted cover, as shown in Figure 6 a) and 6 b). Table 2 shall be used where the
connection is located on a cover that is bolted at its edge as shown in Figure 6 c). Table 3 shall be used
where the connection is located on a shell or dished end as shown in Figure 6 d) and 6 e). All the loads and
moments specified herein are based on the nozzle necks being set-in.

Key
F forces
M moments
Figure 5 — Directions of forces and moments on connections
Table 1 — Maximum allowable nozzle loading where the connection is on a
distribution manifold or a centrally bolted cover
PN 16 – 25 PN 40 PN 63 – 100
Nom. size
(ASME rating 150) (ASME rating 300) (ASME rating 600)
F  F  F M  M M F  F  F M  M  M F  F  F M  M  M
x y z x y z x y z x y z x y z x y z
DN (NPS)
N (lbf) Nm (lbft) Nm (lbft) N (lbf) Nm (lbft) N (lbf) Nm (lbft)
50 (2) 250 (56) 50 (37) 150 (111) 250 (56) 100 (74) 350 (79) 150 (111)
80 (3) 500 (112) 150 (111) 250 (184) 500 (112) 250 (184) 650 (146) 300 (221)
100 (4) 500 (112) 200 (148) 500 (369) 750 (169) 400 (295) 800 (180) 500 (369)
150 (6) 750 (169) 200 (148) 500 (369) 1 000 (225) 450 (332) 1 500 (337) 550 (406)
200 (8) 1 000 (225) 200 (148) 750 (553) 1 500 (337) 500 (369) 2 000 (450) 600 (443)
250 (10) 1 500 (337) 250 (184) 750 (553) 1 500 (337) 750 (553) 2 500 (562) 900 (664)
300 (12) 1 500 (337) 300 (221) 750 (553) 2 000 (450) 750 (553) 3 000 (674) 1 000 (738)
350 (14) 2 000 (450) 300 (221) 1 000 (738) 2 500 (562) 1 000 (738) 4 000 (899) 1 500 (1 106)
400 (16) 2 500 (562) 350 (258) 1 000 (738) 3 000 (674) 1 500 (1 106) 4 500 (1 012) 2 000 (1 475)
450 (18) 3 000 (674) 350 (258) 1 500 (1 106) 3 500 (787) 2 000 (1 475) 5 000 (1 124) 3 000 (2 213)
500 (20) 3 000 (674) 500 (369) 1 500 (1 106) 4 000 (899) 2 500 (1 844) 6 000 (1 349) 4 000 (2 950)

12 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 12211:2012(E)
Table 2 — Maximum allowable nozzle loading where the connenction is on a cover
PN 16 – 25 PN 40 PN 63 – 100
Nom. size
(ASME rating 150) (ASME rating 300) (ASME rating 600)
F  F  F M  M  M F  F  F M  M  M F  F  F M  M  M
x y z x y z x y z x y z x y z x y z
DN (NPS)
N (lb) Nm (lbft) N (lb) Nm (lbft) N (lb) Nm (lbft)
50 (2) 250 (56) 100 (74) 250 (56) 150 (74) 350 (79) 150 (111)
80 (3) 500 (112) 250 (148) 500 (112) 250 (184) 650 (146) 300 (221)
100 (4) 500 (112) 500 (258) 750 (169) 500 (295) 800 (180) 600 (332)
150 (6) 750 (169) 750 (553) 1 000 (225) 800 (590) 1 500 (337) 1000 (738)
200 (8) 1 000 (225) 1 000 (738) 1 500 (337) 1 400 (1033) 2 000 (450) 1 700 (1 254)
250 (10) 1 500 (337) 1 700 (1 254) 1 500 (337) 2 000 (1475) 2 500 (562) 2 500 (1 844)
300 (12) 1 500 (337) 2 400 (1 770) 2 000 (450) 3 000 (2213) 3 000 (674) 4 000 (2 950)
350 (14) 2 000 (450) 3 200 (2 360) 2 500 (562) 4 000 (2950) 4 000 (899) 5 500 (4 057)
400 (16) 2 500 (562) 4 000 (2 950) 3 000 (674) 5 000 (3688) 4 500 (1 012) 7 500 (5 532)
450 (18) 3 000 (674) 4 500 (3 319) 3 500 (787) 6 000 (4425) 5 000 (1 124) 9 500 (7 007)
500 (20) 3 000 (674) 5 000 (3 688) 4 000 (899) 7 000 (5163) 6 000 (1 349) 12 000 (8 851)

a)  On distribution manifold b)  On centrally bolted cover c)  On edge bolted (flat) cover

d)  On dished cover e)  On outer shell
Figure 6 — Connection locations for use with nozzle loading tables
ISO 12211:2012(E)
Table 3 — Maximum allowable nozzle loading on shell or dished end
PN 16 – 25 PN 40 PN 63 – 100
Nom. size
(ASME rating 150) (ASME rating 300) (ASME rating 600)
M
F  F  F M  M F  F  F M  M  M F  F  F M  M  M
z
x y z x y x y z x y z x y z x y z
DN (NPS)
N (lbf) Nm (lbft) Nm (lbft) N (lbf) Nm (lbft) N (lbf) Nm (lbft)
50 (2) 250 (56) 50 (37) 150 (111) 250 (56) 100 (74) 350 (79) 150 (111)
80 (3) 500 (112) 150 (111) 250 (184) 500 (112) 250 (184) 650 (146) 300 (221)
100 (4) 500 (112) 200 (148) 500 (369) 750 (169) 400 (295) 800 (180) 500 (369)
150 (6) 750 (169) 250 (184) 500 (369) 1 000 (225) 450 (332) 1 500 (337) 550 (406)
200 (8) 1 000 (225) 250 (184) 750 (553) 1 500 (337) 500 (369) 2 000 (450) 600 (443)
250 (10) 1 500 (337) 300 (221) 750 (553) 1 500 (337) 750 (553) 2 500 (562) 900 (664)
300 (12) 1 500 (337) 400 (295) 750 (553) 2 000 (450) 750 (553) 3 000 (674) 1 000 (738)
350 (14) 2 000 (450) 400 (295) 1 000 (738) 2 500 (562) 1 000 (738) 4 000 (899) 1 500 (1 106)
400 (16) 2 500 (562) 500 (369) 1 000 (738) 3 000 (674) 1 500 (1 106) 4 500 (1 012) 2 000 (1 475)
450 (18) 3 000 (674) 500 (369) 1 500 (1106) 3 500 (787) 2 000 (1 475) 5 000 (1 124) 3 000 (2 213)
500 (20) 3 000 (674) 700 (516) 1 500 (1106) 4 000 (899) 2 500 (1 844) 6 000 (1 349) 4 000 (2 950)
600 (24) 3 000 (674) 700 (516) 1 500 (1106) 4 000 (899) 2 500 (1 844) 6 000 (1 349) 4 000 (2 950)

7.7 Supports
7.7.1 Acceptable types of supports include (see A.3.6 for guidance on supports)
a) fixed mounting on saddles or feet (horizontal mounting);
b) brackets (horizontal and vertical mounting);
c) turnable mounting on trunnions, either with or without an A-frame.
7.7.2 Supports shall be designed to take account of any loadings that can result from opening of any
flanged cover.
7.7.3 All units shall have earthing lug(s) located on the supports.
7.8 Cover gaskets
7.8.1 Where a full-face cover gasket is used, these shall be sheet type, or a combination of sheet type and
a metallic peripheral ring gasket. Sheet material shall be non-as
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