EN 993-10:2020
(Main)Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 10: Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating
Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 10: Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating
This document specifies three methods for the determination of the permanent change in dimensions on heating of dense shaped refractory products.
NOTE The methods can be applied to materials sensitive to oxidation. However, some of these materials can be affected during the test in such a way as to make the measurement of the dimensional changes impossible to carry out to the required accuracy.
Prüfverfahren für dichte geformte feuerfeste Erzeugnisse - Teil 10: Bestimmung der bleibenden Längenänderung nach Temperatureinwirkung
Dieses Dokument legt drei Verfahren zur Bestimmung der bleibenden Längenänderung an dichten geformten feuerfesten Erzeugnissen nach Temperatureinwirkung fest.
ANMERKUNG Diese Verfahren können auf oxidationsfreudige Werkstoffe angewendet werden. Einige dieser Werkstoffe können jedoch während der Prüfung so beeinträchtigt werden, dass die Messung der Längenänderung mit der geforderten Genauigkeit nicht möglich ist.
Méthodes d'essai pour produits réfractaires façonnés denses - Partie 10: Détermination de la variation permanente de dimensions sous l'action de la chaleur
La présente norme européenne spécifie trois méthodes permettant de déterminer la variation permanente de dimensions d'un produit réfractaire façonné dense sous l'action de la chaleur.
NOTE : Cette méthode peut s'appliquer aux produits sensibles à l'oxydation. Cependant, certains d'entre eux peuvent être altérés au cours de l'essai, rendant impossible la mesure des variations dimensionnelles avec la précision requise.
Metode za preskušanje gostih oblikovanih ognjevzdržnih izdelkov - 10. del: Ugotavljanje trajnih sprememb mer pri segrevanju
General Information
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Overview
EN 993-10:2020 - Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products: Part 10 specifies procedures to determine the permanent change in dimensions on heating (linear or volumetric) of dense shaped refractory products. Published by CEN, the standard defines test-piece preparation, measuring devices, furnace and temperature controls, and three accepted measurement methods to assess dimensional stability after heating and cooling.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Scope: Applies to dense shaped refractory products (true porosity < 45 %) and provides three methods for measuring permanent dimensional change on heating; includes a note on oxidation-sensitive materials that may be altered during test.
- Test principle: Dry → measure → heat in an oxidizing atmosphere → cool → re-measure; calculate permanent change (∆L or ∆V).
- Test pieces: Cylinders (50 mm dia × 60 mm) or rectangular prisms (50 × 50 × 60 mm); tolerances ±2 mm; only one test piece near geometric centre per item; sample size and acceptance per ISO 5022.
- Measurement methods:
- Method 1: Dial gauge apparatus (accuracy 0.01 mm) with dedicated carrier for repeatable measuring points.
- Method 2: Vernier callipers (ISO 13385-1) with minimum accuracy ±0.02 mm.
- Method 3: Volume change by water displacement following EN 993-1.
- Apparatus & controls: Furnace capable of maintaining a continuously oxidizing atmosphere; minimum three thermocouples for temperature distribution; temperature/time recorder (temperature accuracy ±5 °C); drying chamber at (110 ± 5) °C.
- Procedure controls: Specified heating rate, maintenance of test temperature and soaking time, sampling of furnace atmosphere, and detailed post-test measurement protocols.
- Quality & precision: Clause 10 includes precision (repeatability/reproducibility) data from an interlaboratory study.
Applications and practical value
- Ensures consistent, reproducible assessment of thermal dimensional stability and shrinkage/ expansion of refractory bricks and shapes used in high-temperature linings.
- Useful for quality control, acceptance testing, material development, performance comparison, and supplier qualification.
- Helps predict in-service behaviour of refractories in furnaces, kilns, incinerators, steel and non-ferrous metallurgical applications where dimensional changes can affect lining integrity.
Who should use this standard
- Refractory manufacturers and production engineers
- Independent testing laboratories and quality assurance teams
- Materials scientists and R&D groups working on refractory formulations
- Specifiers, purchasers, and end-users of refractory linings and shaped products
Related standards
- EN 993-1 (bulk density, apparent/true porosity)
- ISO 13385-1 (design and metrological characteristics of callipers)
- ISO 5022 (sampling and acceptance testing)
Keywords: EN 993-10, permanent change in dimensions on heating, dense shaped refractory products, refractory testing, dimensional change, dial gauge, Vernier callipers, volume measurement, oxidizing atmosphere, CEN.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 993-10:1998
Metode za preskušanje gostih oblikovanih ognjevzdržnih izdelkov - 10. del:
Ugotavljanje trajnih sprememb mer pri segrevanju
Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 10: Determination of
permanent change in dimensions on heating
Prüfverfahren für dichte geformte feuerfeste Erzeugnisse - Teil 10: Bestimmung der
bleibenden Längenänderung nach Temperatureinwirkung
Méthodes d'essai pour produits réfractaires façonnés denses - Partie 10: Détermination
de la variation permanente de dimensions sous l'action de la chaleur
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 993-10:2020
ICS:
81.080 Ognjevzdržni materiali Refractories
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 993-10
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 81.080 Supersedes EN 993-10:1997
English Version
Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products -
Part 10: Determination of permanent change in
dimensions on heating
Méthodes d'essai pour produits réfractaires façonnés Prüfverfahren für dichte geformte feuerfeste
denses - Partie 10: Détermination de la variation Erzeugnisse - Teil 10: Bestimmung der bleibenden
permanente de dimensions sous l'action de la chaleur Längenänderung nach Temperatureinwirkung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 September 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 993-10:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Principle . 6
5 Apparatus . 6
6 Test pieces . 7
7 Procedure. 7
7.1 Drying of the test pieces . 7
7.2 Measurement of test pieces . 7
7.2.1 Linear measurement by dial gauge apparatus (Method 1) . 7
7.2.2 Linear measurement by Vernier callipers (Method 2) . 7
7.2.3 Volume measurement (Method 3) . 8
7.3 Mounting of test pieces in the furnace . 8
7.4 Test temperature . 8
7.5 Temperature measurement and distribution . 8
7.6 Heating . 8
7.7 Maintenance of test temperature . 9
7.8 Sampling of furnace atmosphere . 9
7.9 Cooling. 9
7.10 Measurement of test pieces after firing . 9
7.10.1 Linear measurement (Methods 1 and 2) . 9
7.10.2 Volume measurement (Method 3) . 9
8 Expression of results . 10
9 Test report . 10
10 Precision and bias . 11
10.1 Interlaboratory study . 11
10.2 Precision data . 11
10.2.1 Repeatability . 11
10.2.2 Reproducibilty . 11
10.2.3 Bias . 11
Table 1 — Permanent change of dimensions on heating . 11
Figure 1 — Length-measuring device (method 1) (side view) . 12
Figure 2 — Test piece carrier (method 1) – (plan view) . 13
Figure 3 — Measuring points when using Vernier callipers (method 2) . 13
European foreword
This document (EN 993-10:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 187 “Refractory
products and materials”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 993-10:1997.
The main change from the previous edition is the addition of precision data in clause 10 derived from a
large scale interlaboratory study completed by 10 European laboratories.
Reproducibility and repeatability data are available only for a limited number of testing methods and
materials, but may be complemented in subsequent editions.
The series of standards EN 993 'Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products' consists of 20
parts, some of which have been withdrawn and replaced by equivalent standards:
— Part 1: Determination of bulk density and porosity
— Part 2: Determination of true density
— Part 3: Test methods for carbon-containing refractories
— Part 4: Determination of permeability to gases
— Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength
— Part 6: Determination of modulus rupture, ambient temperatures
— Part 7: Determination of modulus of rupture, elevated temperatures
— Part 8: Determination of refractoriness-under-load – withdrawn – replaced by EN ISO 1893
— Part 9: Determination of creep in compression
— Part 10: Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating
— Part 11: Determination of resistance to thermal shock (ENV)
— Part 12: Determination of pyrometric cone equivalent
— Part 13: Specification for pyrometric cones
— Part 14: Determination of thermal conductivity (hot wire, cross-array) – withdrawn – replaced by
EN ISO 8894-1
— Part 15: Determination of thermal conductivity (hot wire, parallel)
— Part 16: Determination of resistance to acids
— Part 17: Determination of bulk density of granular material (mercury method)
— Part 18: Determination of bulk density of granular material (water method)
— Part 19: Determination of thermal expansion by a differential method
— Part 20: Determination of resistance to abrasion at ambient temperature – withdrawn – replaced by
EN ISO 16282
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document specifies three methods for the determination of the permanent change in dimensions on
heating of dense shaped refractory products.
NOTE The methods can be applied to materials sensitive to oxidation. However, some of these materials can
be affected during the test in such a way as to make the measurement of the dimensional changes impossible to
carry out to the required accuracy.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 993-1, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 1: Determination of bulk density,
apparent porosity and true porosity
ISO 13385-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment — Part 1:
Design and metrological characteristics of callipers
ISO 5022, Shaped refractory products — Sampling and acceptance testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
permanent change in dimensions on heating
expansion or contraction that remains in a shaped refractory product that is heated to a specified
temperature for a specified time and then cooled to ambient temperature
Note 1 to entry: Change is either on the basis of length (∆L) or volume (∆V).
[SOURCE: ISO 2477:2005, 3.1]
3.2
dense shaped refractory product
product with specific dimensions, having a true porosity of less than 45 % by volume, when measured in
accordance with EN 993-1
3.3
sample
representative collection of items that can be obtained by sampling in accordance with ISO 5022
3.4
item
refractory brick or shape
3.5
test piece
piece of material extracted from an item (3.4) and suitably shaped and prepared for the test
4 Principle
Test pieces in the shape of rectangular prisms or cylinders are cut from each item, then dried, and their
linear dimensions (Methods 1 and 2) or volume (Method 3) measured. The test pieces are heated in a
furnace having an oxidizing atmosphere, at a prescribed rate, to a specified temperature, which is
maintained for a specified time. After cooling to ambient temperature, the measurements on the test
pieces are repeated, and the permanent change in dimensions or volume is calculated.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Furnace, either electric or gas-fi
...
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 993-10:2020 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 10: Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating". This standard covers: This document specifies three methods for the determination of the permanent change in dimensions on heating of dense shaped refractory products. NOTE The methods can be applied to materials sensitive to oxidation. However, some of these materials can be affected during the test in such a way as to make the measurement of the dimensional changes impossible to carry out to the required accuracy.
This document specifies three methods for the determination of the permanent change in dimensions on heating of dense shaped refractory products. NOTE The methods can be applied to materials sensitive to oxidation. However, some of these materials can be affected during the test in such a way as to make the measurement of the dimensional changes impossible to carry out to the required accuracy.
EN 993-10:2020 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 81.080 - Refractories. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 993-10:2020 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 993-10:1997. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase EN 993-10:2020 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
SIST EN 993-10:2020는 밀도가 높은 형상 내화 제품의 열처리 시 영구적인 치수 변화를 측정하기 위한 세 가지 방법을 구체화하고 있습니다. 이 표준은 내화 제품의 신뢰할 수 있는 품질 관리 및 성능 평가를 위한 중요한 기초를 제공합니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 다양한 내화 재료에 적용 가능하다는 점입니다. 특정 재료는 산화에 민감할 수 있지만, 이 표준에서는 그러한 특성을 고려하여 측정 방법을 제시하고 있습니다. 이는 실험적 정확성을 보장할 수 있도록 하며, 재료의 특성에 따라 영구적인 치수 변화 측정을 위한 최적의 방법을 선택할 수 있게 해줍니다. 또한, SIST EN 993-10:2020의 범위는 내화 제품의 성능을 극대화하고, 제조업체와 사용자 모두에게 중요한 품질 기준을 제공하므로, 산업 전반에 걸쳐 폭넓은 적용성이 있습니다. 이 문서는 내화 제품의 연구 및 개발, 품질 보증 과정에 유용하며, 용광로 및 고온 공정에서의 활용이 예상됩니다. 결론적으로, SIST EN 993-10:2020는 내화 제품의 열적 특성과 그 변화에 대한 명확한 지침을 제공하여, 시료의 품질을 정확히 평가하고 통제할 수 있는 중요한 표준입니다. 이는 내화 재료의 산업적 중요성을 감안할 때 매우 관련성이 높은 문서입니다.
La norme SIST EN 993-10:2020 regroupe des méthodes de test essentielles pour les produits réfractaires denses façonnés. Ce document a pour objet de spécifier trois méthodes différentes permettant de déterminer les changements permanents de dimensions lors du chauffage de ces matériaux. Cette caractéristique est cruciale pour évaluer la performance et la durabilité des produits réfractaires, qui jouent un rôle clé dans des applications industrielles où les conditions thermiques sont extrêmes. L'une des forces majeures de cette norme réside dans sa pertinence pour les matériaux sensibles à l'oxydation. Ces méthodes de mesure sont conçues pour assurer la précision dans l'évaluation des changements dimensionnels, bien que des précautions doivent être prises, car certains matériaux peuvent subir des altérations lors des tests, rendant difficile la mesure précise des variations dimensionnelles. En intégrant ces stratégies d'évaluation, la norme SIST EN 993-10:2020 fournit un cadre robuste qui contribue à la compréhension des performances thermiques des produits réfractaires. Cela permet aux fabricants et aux utilisateurs de mieux anticiper le comportement des matériaux dans des conditions réelles d'utilisation. En somme, cette norme s'avère être une ressource incontournable pour tous les acteurs du secteur travaillant avec des produits réfractaires denses, garantissant ainsi une conformité aux exigences techniques et une amélioration continue dans l'évaluation des performances matérielles.
Die Norm EN 993-10:2020 behandelt die Prüfmethoden zur Bestimmung der permanenten Dimensionänderungen beim Erhitzen von dichten geformten feuerfesten Produkten. Ihr Anwendungsbereich umfasst drei spezifische Methoden, die gezielt zur Analyse der Maße von feuerfesten Materialien entwickelt wurden, um deren Stabilität und Verwendbarkeit in verschiedenen Hochtemperaturanwendungen sicherzustellen. Ein herausragendes Merkmal dieser Norm ist die Präzision, mit der die dauerhaften Änderungen der Dimensionen ermittelt werden können. Die standardisierten Verfahren ermöglichen eine konsistente und reproduzierbare Bewertung der Auswirkungen von hohen Temperaturen auf feuerfeste Produkte. Insbesondere wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die Methoden auch auf Materialien angewendet werden können, die empfindlich auf Oxidation reagieren. Dies erweitert den Anwendungsbereich erheblich und macht die Norm besonders relevant für Hersteller und Prüflabore, die mit einer Vielzahl von feuerfesten Materialien arbeiten. Die Normierung der Prüfmethoden stellt sicher, dass die Ergebnisse vergleichbar sind und die Industrie allgemein darauf vertrauen kann, dass die getesteten Produkte die erforderlichen Spezifikationen erfüllen. Zudem legt die EN 993-10:2020 besonderen Wert darauf, dass bei bestimmten Materialien, die während des Tests beeinträchtigt werden können, die Messgenauigkeit der Dimensionänderungen kritisch eingeschätzt werden muss. Dies zeigt die Detailgenauigkeit und das technische Verständnis, das in die Entwicklung dieser Norm eingeflossen ist. Insgesamt bietet die EN 993-10:2020 eine wichtige Grundlage für die Qualitätskontrolle und -sicherung in der Produktion von feuerfesten Produkten und untermauert die wissenschaftlichen und industriellen Ansprüche an diese Materialien. Die Norm ist daher von hoher Relevanz für Fachleute in der entsprechenden Branche, die sich mit Prüfmethoden und der Langlebigkeit von feuerfesten Materialien befassen.
The EN 993-10:2020 standard provides a robust framework for assessing the permanent change in dimensions of dense shaped refractory products upon heating, making it essential for quality control in industries relying on these materials. The document outlines three comprehensive methods for measurement, ensuring that users can select the most appropriate technique based on their specific requirements and material characteristics. One of the key strengths of EN 993-10:2020 is its adaptability to materials that are sensitive to oxidation, which is a crucial consideration in testing refractory products. This aspect broadens the scope of applicability of the standard, allowing for a diverse range of materials to be evaluated accurately. However, it is important to note that some materials may experience changes during testing that could compromise measurement accuracy. This caution is beneficial for practitioners, as it encourages critical evaluation and consideration of material properties prior to testing. Moreover, the clarity and precision of the methodologies outlined in this standard enhance reproducibility and consistency in testing outcomes. By providing clear guidelines, EN 993-10:2020 effectively aids manufacturers and engineers in ensuring that their products meet stringent performance criteria related to dimensional stability under heat exposure. The relevance of this standard cannot be overstated, as it directly addresses a key performance characteristic of refractory materials which are often subjected to extreme temperatures in various industrial applications. Ensuring dimensional integrity under such conditions is vital for the longevity and efficacy of these materials, thereby reinforcing the standard's significance in maintaining industry standards and safety protocols. In summary, EN 993-10:2020 stands out for its systematic approach to testing permanent dimensional changes in refractory products, its adaptability to various materials, and its critical role in promoting quality and performance in high-temperature applications.
標準 EN 993-10:2020 は、密な形状の耐火製品の加熱時の寸法の永続的変化を測定するためのテスト方法を定めた文書です。この標準は、耐火材料の特性や性能を理解する上で非常に重要な役割を果たします。 この標準の範囲は、密に成形された耐火製品に特化された3つの測定方法を提供しており、実際の熱使用条件下での製品の挙動を理解するための基準を提供します。特に、耐火材料が加熱されることによってどのように寸法が変化するかを正確に測定するための明確な手順が示されています。これにより、製品の品質管理や性能評価における一貫性が保たれます。 この標準の強みは、耐火材料に対する熱的ストレスの影響を正しく評価するための具体的な方法が提供されていることです。加熱中に感受性のある材料についても、適切な注意事項が記載されており、一部の材料に対して構造的な変化が測定に影響を与える可能性があることが明示されています。これにより、テスト結果の信頼性を高めるための予防措置が講じられています。 全体として、EN 993-10:2020 は、耐火製品の熱特性を評価するための実用的かつ科学的な標準を提供しており、業界における耐火材料の設計や製造プロセスにおいて、非常に重要なリソースとなっています。したがって、密な形状の耐火製品の性能の向上を図るためには、この標準に基づくテストが不可欠です。
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